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Child Health > Growth > Flashcards

Growth Flashcards

1
Q

What is a z score? (2nd and 98th centiles)

A

Number of SDs away from mean

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2
Q

How many are within 1 SD of average?

A

68%

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3
Q

How many are within 2 SD of average? (z scores - 2nd and 98th)

A

95%

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4
Q

How was info for growth charts attained?

A

Healthy breastfed kids in 6 countries

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5
Q

How should kids be weighed?

A

Babies: no nappy
Kids: vest and pants, no shoes
Class III electronic scales

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6
Q

How should height be measured?

A

Length 2 years

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7
Q

On the centile if within:

A

1/4 of a space

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8
Q

Average age to enter puberty

A

11 for girls, 6 months later for boys

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9
Q

Precocious puberty

A

Before 8 for girls

Before 9 for boys

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10
Q

LH stimulates:

A

Leydig cells to produce testosterone (inhibits LH)
Follicular cell proliferation
Thecal cells to produce androgens

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11
Q

FSH stimulates:

A

Sertoli cells = spermatogenesis (inhibin inhibits FSH)

Granulosa cells to convert androgens to oestradiol

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12
Q

How many are within 2 SD of average?

A

95%

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13
Q

Constitutional growth delay

A

Late maturation, end up normal height

Delayed bone age

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14
Q

Delayed puberty

A

No breast bud development in girl by age 13

No secondary characteristics inboy by age 14

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15
Q

When is orlistat prescribed?

A

> 99.6th centile adolescents with comorbidities

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16
Q

When is bariatric surgery recommended?

A

Post-pubertal adolescents with BMI >3.5SDs above, severe comorbidities

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17
Q

Menarche

A

Periods

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18
Q

How many kids are within 2 centiles/7cm of mid parental height?

A

9/10

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19
Q

How many kids are within 6cm of predicated adult height?

A

4/5

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20
Q

Genetic short stature

A

Healthy, normal bone age, no endocrine abnormality

Inherited from parents

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21
Q

Constitutional growth delay

A

Late maturation, end up normal height

Delayed bone age

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22
Q

Define overweight

A

Over 91st centile

23
Q

Define obese

A

Over 98th centile

24
Q

How to calculate BMI

A

Weight/height2

25
Q

When is orlistat prescribed?

A

Over 99.6th centile adolescents with comorbidities

26
Q

When is bariatric surgery recommended?

A

Post-pubertal adolescents with BMI over 3.5SDs above, severe comorbidities

27
Q

4 areas of development

A

Gross Motor
Fine motor and vision
Language and hearing
Social and communication

28
Q

ATNR

A

Asymmetric Tonic Neck Reflex - head turned to one side = fencing pose

29
Q

Moro reflex

A

Startle reaction (puts arms out)

30
Q

Rooting reflex

A

Touch cheek = head turns to that side (breastfeeding)

31
Q

Parachute reflex

A

Stops falling when tilted

32
Q

Patterns of abnormal development

A

Delay
Deviation (ASD)
Regression (metabolic)

33
Q

Problems associated with Down’s syndrome

A 
Growth delays, intellectual impairment
Hypothyroid
Glue ear, poor vision, cataracts
Obesity
Sleep apnoea
Heart problems
Coeliac
Immune deficiency
34
Q

DMD

A

X-linked

Proximal girdle weakness, calf pseudohypertrophy

35
Q

Oculocutaneous albinism

A

Nystagmous, albinism, reduced acuity

36
Q

Treacher-Collins syndrome

A

Hearing impairment (conductive)
Underdeveloped cheek bones, clef palate, rudimentary ears, glue ear
Poor attention span

37
Q

Autistic traid

A

Language problems
Social/emotional dysfunction
Imagination and flexibility of thought

38
Q

NF1 characteristics (auto dom)

A

Cafe au lait macules
Axillary freckling
Lisch nodules
Neurofibromas

39
Q

Healthy Start vitamins

A

A, C and D

40
Q

Beri-Beri

A

Thiamine deficiency (B1)

41
Q

Pellagra

A

Niacin deficiency (B3)

42
Q

Size of boys testes consistent with onset of puberty?

A

Over 4ml

43
Q

Define preterm

A

Less than 32 weeks

44
Q

What causes step down in height on chart at age 2?

A

Length to height

45
Q

When do babies lose weight?

A

After birth, regain weight days 3-5

46
Q

When should you calculate % weight loss?

A

If weight gain does not occur by 2 weeks

>300g weight loss

47
Q

How to calculate % weight loss

A

Weight loss/Birth weight x 100

48
Q

When is further assessment needed?

A

Weight/height/BMI 3 centile spaces below mid-parental centile
Drop in height of >2 centile spaces
Underlying disease
Parental concerns

49
Q

When should BMI be calculated?

A

If weight over 75th centile

50
Q

Undernutrition

A

BMI below 2nd centile

51
Q

DDH

A

Ortolani and Barlow
Asymmetric skin crease and leg length
US 6 months
Tx: Pavlik harness, surgery

52
Q

Perthes

A

Osteochondritis of femoral head

AVN -> reossification ->mishapen

53
Q

SUFE

A

Overweight pre-pubertal boy

Tx: pins, manipulation

54
Q

Kernicterus

A

Unconjugated bilirubin crosses BBB = hypotonia then hypertonia, seizures

Child Health (7 decks)

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