Acute child Flashcards
Bronchiolitis
LRTI = acute inflammation of bronchioles - RSV, adenovirus, parainfluenza
Dry cough, high pitched expiratory wheeze, fever
Chest hyperinflated
Up to 18 months old
Supportive treatment
Croup
Laryngotracheobronchitis - viral (parainfluenza), toddlers
Barking cough, stridor, fever, sore throat
X-ray: narrow airway, dilated laryngopharynx/oropharynx
Steroids, intubation
Pyloric stenosis
6 weeks
Milky projectile vomit
Hungry, distended stomach, epigastric olive mass
US: Narrow pylorus with thickened sphincter
Treatment: incision
Intussusception
6 months Green vomit, redcurrant stool Firm sausage swelling US: target lesion Tx: x-ray air reduction, surgery
Malrotation
Green non-projectile vomit, abdominal distension EMERGENCY
Plain AXR, Upper GI contrast: disappears = twist
Tx: surgery, untwist
Persisting Mallerian duct
Torsion of Mallerian duct from development
Swelling, bruise, red, firm bead
Tx: Analagesia, surgery if persists
Physiological fibrosis
Small opening, normal
Wipe urine, stretch in bath, cream
Usually resolves 3 months
BXO
Balanitis Xerotica Obliterans
9-11 year olds
Scar tissue extends up foreskin and urethra
Tx: circumcision
Paraphimosis
Foreskin trapped behind glans
Tx: squeeze oedema out, surgery
Hypospadius
Midline defect of urethra, pee backwards
Hydrocele
Fluid around testes, no pain
Abnormal descent
Gone in morning, worse at night, transilluminates
How many times do you give fluids in acute child?
20ml/kg 3x up to 60ml/kg then refer to ICU
Most common cause of UTI
E. coli
Rubella
Rash starts on face and spreads
Sore throat
Measles
Koplik spots (white lesions on mucosa), cough, fever Rash starting behind ears and spreads Lasts longer than rubella
