Growing Forgein Influence Flashcards
What was the ever victorious army
1860-64 a couple hundred of western mercenaries were formed to protect Shanghai from the taiping rebellion
Taiping rebellion
1850-64: a movement under Hong Xiuquan who converted to Christianity , the rebellion supported social reform, the empowerment of women and the overthrow of the Confucian system
20mil people died but were eventually defeated by British, French and us
What did Qing officials think of growing foreign influence
Believed that China was superior to foreign powers but being permanently based within the capital, foreign power were now equal
What was the self strengthening movement
Growing feeling that modernisation needed to happen by borrowing parts of western development specifically focusing on military improvements
Jiangnan Arsenal
In Shanghai in 1865 and another built in Nanjing that became the first chinese mass producers of ships, guns and cannons
Examples of the self strengthening movement
Zongli yamen to become acquainted with western concepts aswell as Tongwegan language schools
What did British people want
Chinese tea, skills and porcelain
How were British able to increase trade
China was too weak to repel foreign exploitation, the British authorities were able to set a low fixed tariff which failed to Protect the Chinese industries as the manufactured goods were of higher quality
Compradors
Chinese agents who worked for foreign firms that had entered China since the 1840s. They helped the foreign firms who couldn’t speak Chinese
How was trade limited
Couldn’t spread beyond treaty ports and the peasants were too poor to purchase industrial goods thus China lacked the centralisation for mass industrialisation
What was the conservatives of the Qing’s opinion
Opposed the major growth of foreign trade as it was deemed in contrast with Confucian values
Tongwen Guan
Set up 1862 by Prince Gong , although the school never educated more than 200 students at any time but they hired western tutors to teach foreign language
How was the foreign language school limited
Manchu families still focused on their children passing the jinshi civil service examinations which had no western context
Fuzhou shipyard
More than 100 local gentry families aged 14 and under were enrolled which taught in French and English in naval construction , geometry, calculus and physics
Zongli Yamen
Set up in 1861 which became the government department responsible for managing relations with foreign nations
