Groups Flashcards
Additive Task
Task where group productivity is the sum of the effort of all individuals in a group.
Arousal
Being in the presence of other people makes us excited, which interferes with complex behaviors and facilitates simple behaviors.
Distraction
Other people are distracting during tasks. If it is a simple task we can compensate for this and try harder but if it is a complex task, a distraction impairs our performance.
Cognitive Misers
Humans have a tendency to group people in various categories or sub-groups
Conjunctive Task
Task where all members in a group have to succeed in order for the groups to succeed.
Disjunctive Task
Task where only one person needs to solve the problem for the group to succeed.
Group Polarization
When a group tends to make more extreme/polarized decisions than if members were making a decision on their own.
Groupthink
When an intelligent group makes extreme decisions, oftentimes bad decisions (examples: Bay of Pigs Fiasco, 1986 Space Shuttle Challenger Explosion). This can be because members are uncomfortable with expressing their doubts about the decision. Sometimes the members shield themselves from outside information that would go against their beliefs.
Reference Groups
Groups that influence our values, and opinions because we identify with that group.
Social Facilitation
Situations where the presence of others enhances performance, most common when performing tasks that are simple or we can do well.
Social Identity Theory
People have a basic tendency to group people into certain categories, the dimension that is most salient or meaningful at the time depends on context.
Personal Identity
What is unique to an individual.
Social identity
Membership in broad categories or groups ex) American, woman, etc.
Social Inhibition
Presence of others inhibit our performance. This is most common when we perform an unfamiliar task or a challenging/complex task.
Social Loafing
The phenomenon in which one puts less effort into a goal when working in a group.
