Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Microbiology Exam 2 C,D,E > Group E > Flashcards

Group E Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Autotrophs

A

Inorganic carbon source -CO2
Make organic compounds - from CO2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Heterotrophs

A

Require organic compounds
- other organisms
- protein, carbohydrates, etc.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Autotrophs e- source

A

Inorganic molecules
* H2Fe2+,NO2-
*lithotrophs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Heterotrophs e-source

A

Same organic molecules
Organotrophs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

A.I. ENERGY SOURCES (CELLULAR PROCESSES)

Phototrophs. Chemotrophs

A

Light. RedOx reactions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Terminal Electron Acceptors (TEA) Facultative
Aerobes

A

Require O2 as TEA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Anaerobes

A

Require TEA’s other than O2
02 is lethal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

obligates

A

Strict requirements,
Otherwise poisonous

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

FACULTATIVE ORGANISMS
Facultative anaerobes

A

Capable of surviving via fermentation or anaerobic respiration (other TEA)
I.e. E. Coli

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Aerotoerant

A

Employ enzymes for detoxification of O2
—-Lactobacillus spp.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Microaerophiles

A

Strict oxygen requirements
—-i.e. H. Pylori (2-10%) in stomach

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Aside Energy Generation, O2 steals e-

4 reactive O-species (ROS)

A

Singlet O2
Superoxide radical O2-
peroxide anions O2 2-
Hydroxyl radicals (OH-)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Singlet O2

A

WBCs. ——>Pathogens
Phototrophs. +. Carotenoids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Superoxide radical O2-

A

Superoxide disumutases
(SOD) ——-> H2O2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Peroxide anions O2 2-

A

H2O2 remainders from SODs
* Catalases ——> H2O + O2
* Peroxidases —> H2O + NAD+

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Hydroxyl radicals (OH-)

A

Incomplete reduction of H2O2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

PHYSICAL FACTORS AFFECTING GROWTH

Conditions that permit or inhibit growth

A

Temperature
PH
Osmolarity
Pressure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Temperature (Effects)

A

Recall ——Temperature
Molecular motion
Recall protein mantra
3D vs. Denaturation
Recall cellular configuration
Plasma membrane bilayer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Temperature. Maxima et Minima

A

Temperatures—minimum growth
Maximum growth
Optimum growth

20
Q

Classification
Ranges of survival

A

Psychrophiles
Mesophiles. - Thermoduric
Thermophiles
Hyperthermophiles

21
Q

Classification and there growth rate

A

Thermophiles best grow at about 70 degrees C
Mesophiles best grow at 40 degrees C
Psychrophiles best grow at 10 degrees C
hyperthermophiles best grow at or between 90 - 100 degrees C

22
Q

DNA is quite long

A

Compact it into cells via proteins (aka coiling)
Histones in EUK’s
Histones - like proteins (HU proteins) in PROK’s

23
Q

Mutations are divided into 2 basic types

A

Large and small

24
Q

Mutations (large)

A

Outcomes: mostly lethal

25
Q

Mutations (small)

A

Outcomes:
Silent—->nothing happens to the proteins, nor host
MISSENSE—->protein amino acids change, protein function changes, thus host is affected
Nonsense——> protein is truncated (cut short), protein doesn’t function, host is affected

26
Q

Central Dogama: Components

A

DNA, RNA, protein

27
Q

Central Dogma : Steps

A

Rep, Tor, tln
Know beginnings and ends and on what component (promoters, origins, AUG, terminators, etc)
Know helpers (the proteins/enzymes involved in the process
Polymerases, primates, ribosomes, etc.

28
Q

Operons (Facultative)

A

Bacteria only (Proks)
Protein expression control (types: Constitutive/facultative

29
Q

Compare DNA structure: Eukaryotes

A

Linear strands

30
Q

Compare DNA structure: Prokaryotes

A

Circular strands

31
Q

Compare DNA vs RNA: DNA

A

Thymine
No, Oxygen on the ribose

32
Q

Compare DNA vs RNA : RNA

A

Uracil
Yes, oxygen on the ribose

33
Q

DNA properties: to start, it’s double stranded: Antiparallel

A
  1. Parallel: running side by side never crossing
  2. Anti: opposite directions
34
Q

DNA properties: to start, it’s double stranded: Polar

A
  1. 5’ (Phosphate) —> 3’ (OH)
  2. 5 and 3 are the carbons on the sugar (ribose or deoxyribose)
35
Q

DNA properties: to start, it’s double stranded: Codes (blueprint or instructions)

A
  1. DNA is double stranded
    1. 1 Strand carries the code (coding strand)
    2. 2 Strand is the opposite (template strand)
  2. During transcription coding strand is identical to mRNA (except T vs U)
36
Q

Protein folding into 3D-shapes

A

Shape is everything = shape dictates function

37
Q

Protein 3D-shapes: shape comes from:

A

Primary-order/sequence of the amino acids (this is what the ribosome builds)
Secondary-primary sequence folds into a 3rd dimension
Alpha helix
Beta pleated sheet

38
Q

Post-Tor mods

A

3 exist, only in EUKs
Capping, Poly-A-tail, splicing—->allows protein variability

39
Q

Protein Expression

A

Making protein via the central dogma
Constitutive or Facultative
To control it
RNA control
Micro RNA’s siRNAs <—all prevent protein being made

40
Q

Organelles have_______________ and Function in ____ and______Euk______Pro_____

A

Nucleus, DNA + Ribo: Euk: Yes and Pr:o No

41
Q

Organelles have_______________ and Function in ____ and______Euk______Pro_____

A

Cilia/flagella, motility, Euk: yes and Pro: yes

42
Q

Summary of topic Energy Sources, material source (Carbon): Autotrophs (CO2)

A

Own

43
Q

Summary of topic Energy Sources, material source (Carbon): Heterotrophs

A

Something else (eating it). Other organics

44
Q

Summary of topic Energy Sources, material source (Carbon): Plants

A

Photoautrophs

45
Q

Summary of topic Energy Sources, material source (Carbon): Animals

A

Chemoheterotrophs

46
Q

Summary of topic Energy Sources, (electrons): Phototrophs

A

Own

47
Q

Summary of topic Energy Sources, (electrons): Chemotrophs

A

Other organics: something else (eating it)

Microbiology Exam 2 C,D,E (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions