Group 8: ATP-ADP Cycle Flashcards
What are autotrophs?
are organisms capable of making their own food.They use light energy from the sun to produce glucose (sugar).
What are Heterotrophs?
are organisms that are not capable of making their own food. They must eat plants, or other animals that eats plants. For example, bacteria, fungi, animals and humans.
What is ATP ( Adenosine Triphosphate)
It is the major energy currency of the cell that provides the energy for the most of the energy consuming activities of the cell.
What are the 5 smaller molecules bonded together to form ATP?
- ) Adenine
- ) Ribose
- ) 3 Phosphate Group
It powers cellular work
ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate)
What are the 3 main kinds of cellular work?
chemical work, transport work, and mechanical work
it is the synthesis of polymers from monomers (pushing of endergonic reactions)
chemical work of cells
it is the pumping of substances across membranes (against the direction of spontaneous movement)
transport work of cells
it is the beating of cilia, contraction of muscles
mechanical work of cells
What are the 2 types of reactions?
Endergonic Reactions (Anabolic Reactions) and Exergonic Reaction (Catabolic Reaction)
This type of reaction requires energy; will not take place on its own without the transfer of energy into the reaction.
Endergonic Reactions (Anabolic Reaction)
This type of reaction releases energy; can occur without the addition of energy.
Exergonic Reaction (Catabolic Reaction)
It is a type of reaction that is non-spontaneous and commonly occurs in organisms because they need to synthesize complex molecules such as fats, amino acids, and sugars.
Endergonic Reactions (Anabolic Reaction)
This type of reaction is Spontaneous. Favorable chemical reactions wherein the product is at a low energy level than of the reactants. The reactions release more energy than what was initially required.
Exergonic Reaction (Catabolic Reaction)
It has to do with the storage and use of energy in living things and organisms.
ATP-ADP Cycle
What are the two types of energy?
Kinetic (free energy) and Potential Energy (stored energy)
Why does chemical bonds contain potential energy?
This is because when they are broken down the stored energy within them is released.
What type of energy is responsible for synthesis?
Kinetic Energy
It is the process of breaking down of bonds between phosphate groups.
Hydrolysis of ATP
Adenosine Diphosphate or ADP occurs in this part of the cycle.
Hydrolysis of ATP
“It is referred to as ““high energy”” bonds and is the bond between the phosphate groups.”
Phosphoanhydride Bonding
It is used to harness the energy within the bonds of ATP
Reaction Coupling/Energy Coupling
How do we regenerate ATP?
addition of phosphate to ADP (Adenosine Diphosphate)
What type of reaction provides the free energy to phosphorylate ADP
Catabolism (Exergonic)
It is the shuttling of inorganic phosphate and energy.
ATP Cycle
How fast does ATP Regeneration happens?
10M molecules of ATP used ad regenerated per second
What happens when ATP could not be regenerated by phosphorylation of ADP?
HUMANS would use nearly their body weight in ATP each day.
It is a separation technique used to identify various components of mixtures based on the differences in their structure and/or composition.
Chromatography
These are substances that absorb visible light. It absorbs light of different wavelengths.
Pigments
What is the wavelength of visible light?
380-750 nm
It is the greenish pigment found in the thylakoid membrane inside the chloroplast of a plant cell.
Chlorophyll
Why do leaves appear green?
Chlorophyll absorbs blue and red light while it transmits and reflects green light.
It is the primary pigment in photosynthesis, and it directly participates in converting solar energy to chemical energy. It also absorbs light from the orange-red and violet-blue areas of the electromagnetic spectrum.
Chlorophyll A
What are the main types of Chlorophyll?
Chlorophyll A (primary pigment) and Chlorophyll B (accessory pigment)
What consists of the structure of chlorophyll?
The structure of chlorophyll consists of a porphyrin ring, which is the<br></br>head, and a lipid-soluble hydrocarbon as its tail.
