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Biology > Group 8: ATP-ADP Cycle > Flashcards

Group 8: ATP-ADP Cycle Flashcards

1
Q

What are autotrophs?

A

are organisms capable of making their own food.They use light energy from the sun to produce glucose (sugar).

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2
Q

What are Heterotrophs?

A

are organisms that are not capable of making their own food. They must eat plants, or other animals that eats plants. For example, bacteria, fungi, animals and humans.

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3
Q

What is ATP ( Adenosine Triphosphate)

A

It is the major energy currency of the cell that provides the energy for the most of the energy consuming activities of the cell.

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4
Q

What are the 5 smaller molecules bonded together to form ATP?

A
  1. ) Adenine
  2. ) Ribose
  3. ) 3 Phosphate Group
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5
Q

It powers cellular work

A

ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate)

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6
Q

What are the 3 main kinds of cellular work?

A

chemical work, transport work, and mechanical work

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7
Q

it is the synthesis of polymers from monomers (pushing of endergonic reactions)

A

chemical work of cells

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8
Q

it is the pumping of substances across membranes (against the direction of spontaneous movement)

A

transport work of cells

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9
Q

it is the beating of cilia, contraction of muscles

A

mechanical work of cells

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10
Q

What are the 2 types of reactions?

A

Endergonic Reactions (Anabolic Reactions) and Exergonic Reaction (Catabolic Reaction)

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11
Q

This type of reaction requires energy; will not take place on its own without the transfer of energy into the reaction.

A

Endergonic Reactions (Anabolic Reaction)

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12
Q

This type of reaction releases energy; can occur without the addition of energy.

A

Exergonic Reaction (Catabolic Reaction)

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13
Q

It is a type of reaction that is non-spontaneous and commonly occurs in organisms because they need to synthesize complex molecules such as fats, amino acids, and sugars.

A

Endergonic Reactions (Anabolic Reaction)

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14
Q

This type of reaction is Spontaneous. Favorable chemical reactions wherein the product is at a low energy level than of the reactants. The reactions release more energy than what was initially required.

A

Exergonic Reaction (Catabolic Reaction)

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15
Q

It has to do with the storage and use of energy in living things and organisms.

A

ATP-ADP Cycle

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16
Q

What are the two types of energy?

A

Kinetic (free energy) and Potential Energy (stored energy)

17
Q

Why does chemical bonds contain potential energy?

A

This is because when they are broken down the stored energy within them is released.

18
Q

What type of energy is responsible for synthesis?

A

Kinetic Energy

19
Q

It is the process of breaking down of bonds between phosphate groups.

A

Hydrolysis of ATP

20
Q

Adenosine Diphosphate or ADP occurs in this part of the cycle.

A

Hydrolysis of ATP

21
Q

“It is referred to as ““high energy”” bonds and is the bond between the phosphate groups.”

A

Phosphoanhydride Bonding

22
Q

It is used to harness the energy within the bonds of ATP

A

Reaction Coupling/Energy Coupling

23
Q

How do we regenerate ATP?

A

addition of phosphate to ADP (Adenosine Diphosphate)

24
Q

What type of reaction provides the free energy to phosphorylate ADP

A

Catabolism (Exergonic)

25
Q

It is the shuttling of inorganic phosphate and energy.

A

ATP Cycle

26
Q

How fast does ATP Regeneration happens?

A

10M molecules of ATP used ad regenerated per second

27
Q

What happens when ATP could not be regenerated by phosphorylation of ADP?

A

HUMANS would use nearly their body weight in ATP each day.

28
Q

It is a separation technique used to identify various components of mixtures based on the differences in their structure and/or composition.

A

Chromatography

29
Q

These are substances that absorb visible light. It absorbs light of different wavelengths.

A

Pigments

30
Q

What is the wavelength of visible light?

A

380-750 nm

31
Q

It is the greenish pigment found in the thylakoid membrane inside the chloroplast of a plant cell.

A

Chlorophyll

32
Q

Why do leaves appear green?

A

Chlorophyll absorbs blue and red light while it transmits and reflects green light.

33
Q

It is the primary pigment in photosynthesis, and it directly participates in converting solar energy to chemical energy. It also absorbs light from the orange-red and violet-blue areas of the electromagnetic spectrum.

A

Chlorophyll A

34
Q

What are the main types of Chlorophyll?

A

Chlorophyll A (primary pigment) and Chlorophyll B (accessory pigment)

35
Q

What consists of the structure of chlorophyll?

A

The structure of chlorophyll consists of a porphyrin ring, which is the<br></br>head, and a lipid-soluble hydrocarbon as its tail.

Biology (5 decks)

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