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POLYMER ENG'G FINALS > Group 4 > Flashcards

Group 4 Flashcards

1
Q

g involves turning raw ingredients
like petroleum or natural gas into polymers that may be
moulded or sculpted into a variety of shapes

A

Plastic manufacturing

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2
Q

The primary raw material used to manufacture plastics

A

petroleum

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3
Q

The production and transportation of plastic products and the
disposal of plastic waste can contribute to

A

carbon emissions

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4
Q

can take the form of solid materials like discarded
material and packaging, as well as hazardous waste like
chemicals and by-products

A

waste

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5
Q

Ocean litter has been identified and quantified in the four marine habitats

A

beach, ocean bottom, ocean water column, and ocean surface

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6
Q

designed to accept solid debris and
prevent contamination of the land and groundwater
from the solid debris.

A

landfills

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7
Q

Landfills are, typically,
designed according to the _________ strategy

A

Cap and Seal

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8
Q

primarily include chlorinated
and brominated compounds, for example, chlorofluorocarbons.

A

ozone depleting chemicals

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9
Q

can be formed from many chemicals including carbon monoxide, particulates, and
hydrocarbons

A

smog

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10
Q

bloom of vegetation in aquatic or terrestrial environments

A

Eutrophication

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11
Q

Reduction in the pH of the aquatic environment.

A

acidification

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12
Q

formed during the production of energy for manufacturing
facilities

A

Toxic chemical

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13
Q

These materials are renewable,
biodegradable, and have a lower environmental
impact than plastic.

A

natural materials

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14
Q

infinitely
recyclable and has a low environmental impact

A

glass

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15
Q

another durable and versatile material that
can replace plastic in some applications

A

metals

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16
Q

renewable, biodegradable,
and have a low environmental impact. They can be
used in a wide range of applications, including food
and beverage packaging. T

A

paper and cardboard

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17
Q

can be used to compare the environmental impacts of
producing plastic products.

A

Life cycle assessments (LCA)

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18
Q

methodology to assess the environmental impacts of a product, process, or service.

A

Life cycle assessments (LCA)

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19
Q

LCA is performed with a four-step
process that includes:

A

Definition of goal and scope
Life Cycle Inventory
Life Cycle Impact Assessment
Interpretation of the LCA result

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20
Q

ensures that comparisons can be made between different
materials, processes, or services

A

functional unit

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21
Q

one where the materials and energy required to produce
a product from raw materials to final product are used in the LCA calculations.

A

cradle-to-gate LCA

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22
Q

An LCA that considers manufacturing,
product use, and end-of-life is referred
to as

A

Cradle-to-grave

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23
Q

An LCA that
includes chemical recycling or reuse
can be referred to as

A

cradle-to-cradle

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24
Q

Inventory of relevant energy, material, and transportation inputs and related
liquid, gas, and solid generated outputs.

A

Life Cycle Inventory

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25
Q

correspond to aggregation for each type of impact

A

midpoint indicators

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26
Q

correspond to the effect on target criteria

A

endpoint indicators

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27
Q

Converting recycled plastics to plastic pellets involves sorting, washing, drying, and
pelletizing.

A

mechanical recycling

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28
Q

very common thermochemical decomposition of carbon-based
materials at elevated temperatures of 700°C in the absence of oxygen

A

pyrolysis

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29
Q

a chemical recycling process for plastics wastes that involves
depolymerization techniques such as alcoholysis, hydrolysis, acidolysis, and
aminolysis.

A

solvolysis

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30
Q

type of chemical or tertiary recycling technique that is applicable
to step-growth (polycondensation) thermoplastics and thermosets, such as
polyesters, polyamides, and polyurethanes

A

solvolysis

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31
Q

the dissociation of a polymer into small particles via any
mechanism.

A

fragmentation

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32
Q

is the undesirable modification of the original properties, due to the
chemical cleavage of macromolecules forming a polymer system, whatever the
mechanism that cleaves the chain

A

degradation

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33
Q

conversion of a polymer system into biomass

A

bioassimilation

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34
Q

produced by thermal degradation of
hydrocarbon plastic debris without oxygen

A

pyrolytic oil

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35
Q

Thermal treatment of plastic waste under oxygen
deprivation

A

gasification

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36
Q

Breaking down plastic waste into monomers aids in
material recovery.

A

depolymerization

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37
Q

Used for hydrogenolysis of Polypropylene and Polyethylene.

A

depolymerization

38
Q

Blockchain technology helps identify plastic waste by
constructing tamper-proof ledgers tracking ocean-bound
plastics’ lifespan.

A

traceability

39
Q

being used in plastic
resources and waste management to design
plastics for trackability, leading to a circular
economy

A

Blockchain technology

40
Q

Blockchain applications in waste management focus on
payment or incentive facilitation and trash monitoring and
tracking

A

Supply Chain Optimization

41
Q

The Act mandates businesses
to accept responsibility for their
plastic packaging waste
disposal

A

The Extended Producer
Responsibility (EPR) Act of 2022

42
Q

addresses the nation’s solid waste
problem using recycling and
garbage segregation

A

The Ecological Solid Waste
Management Act of 2000

43
Q

Regulates the transboundary
transportation of hazardous
and other wastes, including
plastic trash

A

Basel convention

44
Q

Made from renewable materials like cornstarch and
sugarcane

A

bioplastics

45
Q

Can be recycled into new products like bottles or car
parts.

A

recyclable plastics

46
Q

Converts waste plastic into molecular components
for new plastic goods

A

chemical recycling

47
Q

Involves procuring resources, commodities, and
services with minimal environmental, societal, and
economic impact.

A

sustainable sourcing

48
Q

Chemicals added to polymers to increase natural
degradability.

A

biodegradable additives

49
Q

Involving multiple
recycling of a product without compromising quality
or value

A

circular economy strategy/closed-loop recycling

50
Q

Converts waste materials into new, high-quality
products

A

Upcycling

51
Q

Natural decomposition of organic materials like food
scraps, yard trash, and paper.

A

Composting

52
Q

Includes sunlight, wind, water, and geothermal heat.

A

Renewable energy

53
Q

Analyze environmental impact of products or
processes from extraction to disposal

A

Life Cycle Assessments

54
Q

It is the maximum tensile load a material
can withstand before fracturing.

A

tensile strength

55
Q

t is the percentage increased in the length
of plastic when subjected to tensile forces,
compared to its original length.

A

elongation

56
Q

_________ tensile strength is required for plastic
packaging like plastic bags, since it needs to
withstand sudden impact due to weight

A

Higher

57
Q

It is defined as the force required to start or
continue to tear a material

A

Tear strength

58
Q

This measures a material’s resistance to cracking,
breaking, or changing shape when subjected to
sudden and intense impacts or shocks

A

Impact strength

59
Q

It refers to the level of resistance or grip between
the packaging material and other surfaces

A

Surface friction

60
Q

It is the property of plastics that exhibit both viscous and elastic behaviors when subjected to
deformation

A

Viscoelasticity

61
Q

Defined as the amount of mass per unit volume, it is an important property for packaging specifically for
cost.

A

density

62
Q

__________density is preferred for cost and weight,

A

lower

63
Q

These properties are mainly for the visual
appeal of packaging

A

transparency and gloss

64
Q

Polymers that are fully amorphous are

A

transparent

65
Q

is the material’s resistance to chemical reactions or changes when exposed to substances like
solvents, oils, acids, or alkalis

A

Chemical stability

66
Q

This occurs when plastic components fail due to mechanical stress combined with exposure to
agents like detergents and oils, accelerating degradation and potentially causing sudden failures.

A

Environmental Stress Cracking (ESC)

67
Q

These barriers are important in preserving the
product’s quality and extending its shelf life by
protecting it from external forces

A

moisture and gas barrier

68
Q

represents
the temperature where an amorphous polymer
shifts from a hard, glassy state to a softer, rubbery
state, affecting flexibility and thermal stability

A

glass transition temperature Tg

69
Q

indicates the
temperature at which crystalline regions of a
polymer melt, crucial for semi-crystalline
polymers’ mechanical strength and heat
resistance

A

melting temperature Tm

70
Q

It’s vital for flexible and semi-rigid packaging like
sachets, bags, and blister packs, ensuring a secure
seal during heat sealing

A

Heat sealability

71
Q

ability of the packaging
material to prevent the passage of gases, moisture, light,
odors, and other substances that might impact the
product quality

A

barrier requirements

72
Q

It refers to the duration a product can be stored under
specific conditions to retain its safety, quality, and
effectiveness.

A

shelf life

73
Q

It is the extent to which the product inside the packaging
is visible or can be seen by consumers

A

packaging visibility

74
Q

manufacturing process to create objects with a fixed cross-sectional profile. Raw plastic
material like pellets or granules is fed into an extruder

A

extrusion

75
Q

sheets generally________ than films

A

thicker

76
Q

Sheet plastics, often used in thermoforming, are mainly
produced via

A

cast extrusion

77
Q

films are made through
cast extrusion with a

A

slot die or blown extrusion with an
annular die

78
Q

is the process of melting plastic resins and winding them into rolls

A

cast film extrusion

79
Q

Another extrusion process used to fabricate
film products. In this process, the plastic is melted in the extruder. The
molten polymer then enters a circular die head and is
formed into a tube of plastic material.

A

Blown film

80
Q

is a type of transparent,
flexible, and biodegradable film made from cellulose
esters, primarily cellulose acetate

A

cellulose film

81
Q

involves merging two or more different polymers during extrusion, offering differing
functional benefits and aesthetic effects.

A

coextrusion

82
Q

involves extrusion coating paper or paperboard with polymer, controlling width and
thickness through a slot die.

A

lamination

83
Q

nclude wax bond lamination which relies
on mechanical and moderate chemical bonds, and dry bond

A

dry lamination

84
Q

suits porous substrates like
paper, where heat in the oven dries adhesives and
substrates, ensuring a stable moisture profile

A

wet bond lamination

85
Q

plastic manufacturing process that involves heating a plastic sheet and forming it
using a mold to specific shapes

A

thermoforming

86
Q

manufacturing process
for producing parts by injecting molten
material into a mold

A

injection molding

87
Q

used where more
than one polymer or color is required to
produce a part with multiple layers or
components.

A

multi-injection molding

88
Q

enables the production of components with
distinct colored sections or with both a core
and an external layer

A

two-stage injection molding

89
Q

is a
process where two or more different materials
are injected into a single mold cavity
simultaneously

A

single-stage coinjection molding/multi-material injection molding

90
Q

It is commonly used when the opening of the
molded item is narrower than its overall body
size, as seen in bottles and jars

A

blow molding

91
Q

It is the process whereby the plastic preform is
injection molded and the preform travels on
the core rod to the blow mold station, where
blow air enters through the core rod and lifts
the hot preform material off the core rod and
forms it by air pressure to the design of the
female blow mold.

A

injection blow molding

92
Q

It is the simplest type of blow molding

A

extrusion blow molding

POLYMER ENG'G FINALS (3 decks)

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