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GAP Lecture Exam Unit 4 > Group 2 > Flashcards

Group 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Formation of Lymph

A

ISF is collected through lymph capillaries, transported to lymph vessels then nodes, cleaned by lymhocytes and then mixed back into blood

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2
Q

Functions of the Lymphatic System

A

Returns fluid leaked out of capillaries back to blood

Stores some immune cells and transports them throughout the body

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3
Q

Function of Lymph Nodes

A

Filter lymph by providing site for leukocytes to destroy microorganisms and remove debres
Cite for lymphocyte activation

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4
Q

What are the Primary Lymphatic structures

A

Red Bone Marrow

Thymus

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5
Q

What do primary lymphatic structures do

A

Locations where immune cells are formed and mature

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6
Q

What are the secondary lymphatic structures

A

Lymph nodes
Tonsils
Spleen
Mucosa

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7
Q

Function of secondary lymphatic structures

A

House immune cells

Location where immune response begins

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8
Q

Location of the Thymus

A

Mediastinum - posterior to sternum

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9
Q

Function of Thymus

A

Site of T cell maturation

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10
Q

Function of Spleen

A

Filters out old blood cells and platelets

Additional site for lymphocyte acvtivation

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11
Q

Location of spleen

A

Left of the stomach

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12
Q

Location of tonsils

A

Form a ring around pharynx

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13
Q

Function of tonsils

A

Provide immune surveillance for substances that pass through the pharynx

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14
Q

Functions of the respiratory system

A

Supply the body with oxygen and eliminate CO2

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15
Q

Structures in upper respiratory tract

A

Nose and Nasal Cavity
Pharynx
Larynx

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16
Q

Structures in lower respiratory tract

A

Lungs
Bronchi, Bronchioles, Alveoli
Trachea

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17
Q

Conducting zone

A

Portion of the respiratory anatomy that provides a channel for air movement

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18
Q

Respiratory Zone

A

Sites of external respiration (diffusion of oxygen into and carbon dioxide out of the blood)

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19
Q

Functions of respiratory mucosa

A

Cleans and protects air passages by trapping bacteria and debris

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20
Q

Tissues associated with respiratory mucosa

A

pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium with interspersed goblet cells

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21
Q

Function of olfactory mucosa

A

contains smell receptors

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22
Q

Function of the Larynx

A

Provide a patent airway
Voice production
Allow increase in abdominal pressure
Epiglottis diverts food away from airway

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23
Q

Functions of Pharynx

A

Part of digestive system
Airway
Connects nasal and oral cavities

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24
Q

Valsalva Maneuver

A

Forceful attempted exhalation against a closed airway

Close mouth and nose while pressing out as if blowing up a balloon

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25
Q

Layers of Trachea

A

Mucosa-Innermost layer (Pseudostratified columnar epithelium)
Submucosa
Hyaline Cartilage
Adventitia-Outermost layer

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26
Q

Function of the Trachea

A

Connects the larynx to the bronchi (Airway to and from lungs)

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27
Q

What makes up the brachial tree

A

Bronchi (3 types)
Bronchioles
Alveoli

28
Q

3 Types of bronchi

A

Primary
Secondary
Tertiary

29
Q

Structural difference in left and right bronchi

A

Right primary bronchi is more horizontal (most likely place to choke)

30
Q

Function of Type 1 Alveoli

A

Diffusion/structural cells

Simple Squamous Epithelium

31
Q

Function of Type 2 Alveoli

A

Produce surfactant (Lubricant)

32
Q

Different Alveoli

A

Type 1

Type 2

33
Q

Function of Surfactant

A

Lubricates and reduces surface tension within each alveolus, preventing alveolar collapse

34
Q

What are alveoli

A

Small air sacs of the lungs

35
Q

Boyles Law

A

Describes the volume and pressure relationship of a gas

* AS VOLUME INCREASES, PRESSURE DECREASES (&VISE VERSA)

36
Q

During Inspiration

A

Phrenic nerve innervates the diaphragm causing it to contract and flatten. This enlongates and enlargens the thoracic cavity. External intercoastals also contract causing ribs to elevate enlarging thoracic cavity

37
Q

During Expiration

A

The diaphragm relaxes and returns to its normal domed shape. The thoracic cavity wall returns to its resting position and smaller diameter. elastic tissue of the lungs reduces the previously expanded shape of the lung.

38
Q

Boyles law inspiration

A

Volume increases inside the lungs, pressure decreases inside the lungs. Air moves from the atmosphere into the lungs (down pressure gradient)

39
Q

Boyles law expiration

A

As volume inside the lungs decreases, pressur einside the lungs increases, causing gas to flow out of the lungs and respiratory tract into the atmosphere.

40
Q

Spirometer

A

An instrument used to measure the amount of air exchanged in breathing

41
Q

Total Lung Capacity

A

Maximum amount of air contained in the lungs after a maximum inspiratory effect (sum of all lung volumes)

42
Q

Vital Capacity

A

Total amount of exchangable air

43
Q

Tidal Volume

A

Amount of air inhaled of exhaled with each breath under resting conditions

44
Q

Residual Volume

A

Air that remains in lungs after most forceful expiration

45
Q

Respiratory control centers

A

Medulla Oblongata/Pons
Hypothalamus
Cerebral Cortex

46
Q

Medulla Oblongata/Pons effect of repiration

A

Involuntary

47
Q

Hypothalamus effect on respiration

A

Temperature

48
Q

Cerebral Cortex effect on respiration

A

Voluntary

49
Q

Influence of CO2 on pH

A

As CO2 accumulates in the blood, pH decreases

  • Increasing ventilation decreases plasma CO2 partial pressure, shifts the chemical equilibrium to the left and reduces plasma H+ (Elevating pH)
  • Decreasing ventilation, increases plasma CO2 partial pressure, shifts chemical equilibrium to the right and increases plasma H+ (Decreasing pH)
50
Q

Components of respiratory membrane

A

Alveolar epithelial and pulonary capillary endothelial

Gas exchange across membrane - diffuseion of oxygen into and CO2 out of the blood

51
Q

Transportation of CO2 and O2 EXTERNAL GAS EXCHANGE

A

Oxygen moves into capillaries from lungs

52
Q

Transportation of CO2 and O2 RESPIRATORY MEMBRANE

A

CO2 moves into the lungs from capillaries

53
Q

Transportation of O2 and CO2 INTERNAL GAS EXCHANGE

A

CO2 moves into blood from tissues

54
Q

Transportation of O2 and CO2 CAPILLARY MEMBRANE

A

O2 moves into tissue from capillaries

55
Q

Muscles involved with inspiration

A

Diaphragm

External Intercoastals

56
Q

Muscles involved with passive (quiet) expiration

A 
External Intercoastals (Relaxing)
Diaphragm (relaxing and returning to resting shape)
57
Q

Muscles involved with Forced Expiration

A

Internal Intercoastals contract
Abdominals Contract
Diaphragm

58
Q

Pressure during inhalation

A

Atmospheric pressure is greater than intrapulmonary pressure

Intrapulmonary pressure is greater than intrapleural pressure

59
Q

Pressure during Exhalation

A

Intrapulmonary pressure is greater than Atmospheric pressure and intrapleural pressure

60
Q

Pressure during transition of inhalation and exhalation

A

Intrapulmonary pressure is equal to atmospheric pressure and greater than intrapleural pressure

61
Q

Pressure during pneumothorax (Lung collapse)

A

ABNORMAL

Intrapleural pressure is greater than intrapulmonary pressure

62
Q

4 phases of respiration

A

Pulmonary Ventilation
External Respiration
Respiratory Gastransport
Internal Respiration

63
Q

Pulmonary Ventilation

A

Process of moving air into and out of the lungs to change and refresh gas in lungs

64
Q

External Respiration

A

Process of exchanging gas between blood and alveoli

65
Q

Respiratory Gastransport

A

Transport of CO2 and O2 to and from the lungs and tissues of the body by way of the cardiovascular system

66
Q

Internal Respiration

A

Gas exchanges made between blood and tissue cells

GAP Lecture Exam Unit 4 (2 decks)

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