Group 2

Question 1

What is the trend in atomic radius down the group?

Answer 1

Atomic radius increases

Question 2

Explain the trend in atomic radius down the group

Answer 2

Increases bc extra shell of electrons so physically further and also more shielding

Question 3

Explain the trend in first ionisation energy down the group

Answer 3

Atomic size increases and also more shielding so electrons are easier to remove so ionisation energy decreases

Question 4

Explain the trend in melting point down the group

Answer 4

Melting point decreases bc the atomic radius increases and nuclear charge and same no of delocalised electrons per atom

Question 5

What is the trend in reactivity with water down the group?

Answer 5

Reactivity increases as you go down the group because electrons are lost more easily

Question 6

Is the reaction with water exo or endo?

Answer 6

exo

Question 7

What do group 2 metals form when they react with water?

Answer 7

Metal hydroxide and hydrogen

Question 8

Explain the trend in solubility of the hydroxides down the group

Answer 8

More soluble as you go down the group

Question 9

How can you find the solubilities of the metal hydroxides as you go down the group?

Answer 9

Add sodium hydroxide solution and observe the precipitate (thinner precipitate as you go down)

Question 10

Explain the trend in solubility of the sulfates down the group

Answer 10

Less soluble as you go down the group

Question 11

How can you find the relative solubilities of the metal sulphates as you go down the group?

Answer 11

Adding a solution of the metal ions to sodium sulfate solution

Question 12

How can you test for the presence of group 2 sulfates?

Answer 12

Adding barium salts

Question 13

Explain the experiment you would carry out to test for the presence of sulfate ions

Answer 13

To 1cm3 of the unknown solution add 1cm3 of HCl, then 1cm3 of barium chloride and if a thick white precipitate forms then sulfate ions are present

Question 14

Why is HCl used in the sulfate test?

Answer 14

To eliminate other ions that may be present

Question 15

How is magnesium used?

Answer 15

In the extraction of titanium to reduce titanium chlorde to titanium and magnesium chloride

Question 16

Explain the titanium extraction process

Answer 16

Titanium oxide converted to titanium chloride then reduced with magnesium to titanium

Question 17

Why isn’t carbon used to reduce titanium oxide?

Answer 17

The titanium carbide formed is too brittle

Question 18

How is magnesium hydroxide used?

Answer 18

Milk of magnesia to alleviate constipation and also antacid to neutralise excess stomach acid

Question 19

How is calcium hydroxide used in industry?

Answer 19

Slaked lime to neutralise acidic soils

Question 20

Why are acidic soils bad for plants?

Answer 20

Soluble manganese and aluminium ion levels increase to toxic levels and restrict root growth. Also important bacteria are prevented from growing.

Question 21

How is calcium oxide used in industry?

Answer 21

To neutralise sulfur dioxide is waste gases

Question 22

How is barium sulfate used in industry?

Answer 22

Used in a barium meal so an X-Ray can be taken of the outline of the gut

Question 23

Why is barium used, despite being toxic?

Answer 23

Barium sulfate is insoluble so it doesn’t get absorbed into the gut