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Chemistry A Level > Group 2 > Flashcards

Group 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

Group 2 elements

A
  • beryllium (Be)
  • magnesium (Mg)
  • calcium (Ca)
  • strontium (Sr)
  • barium (Ba)
  • radium (Ra)
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2
Q

What is the general electron configuration of Group 2 elements?

A

They all have two electrons in their outermost s orbital, which they lose easily to form
2+ ions.

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3
Q

How does atomic radius change down Group 2?

A

Atomic radius increases down Group 2 due to the addition of extra electron shells, which outweighs the increase in nuclear charge.

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4
Q

Describe the trend in first ionization energy down Group 2.

A

The first ionization energy decreases down Group 2 because the outermost electrons are further from the nucleus and more shielded by inner electrons, making them easier to remove.

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5
Q

How do Group 2 elements react with water?

A

Group 2 elements react with water to form hydroxides and hydrogen gas. The reactivity increases down the group

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6
Q

What is the trend in the solubility of Group 2 hydroxides?

A

The solubility of Group 2 hydroxides increases down the group.

For example, magnesium hydroxide is sparingly soluble, while barium hydroxide is highly soluble.

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7
Q

How does the thermal stability of Group 2 carbonates change down the group?

A

The thermal stability of Group 2 carbonates increases down the group.
Larger cations cause less polarization of the carbonate ion, making it more thermally stable.

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8
Q

What are the flame colors of some Group 2 elements?

A

Calcium (Ca): Brick red
Strontium (Sr): Red
Barium (Ba): Green

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9
Q

How do Group 2 elements react with oxygen?

A

Group 2 elements react with oxygen to form oxides.

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10
Q

General Properties:

A
  • Shiny, silvery-white metals
  • Relatively low density, melting points, and boiling points
  • Strong reducing agents
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11
Q

Beryllium with steam

A

only reacts with steam at high temperatures

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12
Q

Reactions with hydrochloric acid

A
  • form metal chloride + hydrogen
  • get more vigorous down the group
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13
Q

Reactions with sulfuric acid

A
  • form metal sulfate + hydrogen
  • do not get more vigorous due to solubility of sulfates
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14
Q

Group 2 oxides + water

A
  • all produce hydroxides
  • except beryllium
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15
Q

Group 2 oxides + dilute acids

A

produce salt + water

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16
Q

Group 2 hydroxides + water

A

no reaction

17
Q

Group 2 hydroxides

A

Chemistry A Level (32 decks)

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