Group 1, Metals

Question 1

What are they also known as?

Answer 1

Alkali metals

Question 2

The group 1 metals (+symbols) are:

Answer 2

• Lithium (Li)
• Sodium (Na)
• Potassium (K)
• Rubidium (Rb)
• Caesium (Cs)
• Francium (Fr)

Question 3

What are the appearances of Lithium, Sodium and Potassium?

Answer 3

They are all shiny and silver.

Question 4

Which of the first three metals is the hardest and the softest?

Answer 4

1. Lithium (hardest)
2. Sodium
3. Potassium (softest)

Question 5

Reaction of Lithium with water and then universal indicator (UI):

Answer 5

• gas made
• effervescence
• smoke
• it dissolved
• UI : dark purple, alkali

Question 5

Reaction of Sodium with water and then universal indicator (UI):

Answer 5

• gas
• small spark (orange)
• effervescence
• it dissolved
• UI : blue/purple, alkali (not as strong as Lithium)

Question 6

Reaction of Potassium with water and then universal indicator (UI):

Answer 6

• gas
• fizzing sound
• caught fire (magenta)
• pop/explosion at the end
• UI : Blue/purple, alkali (not as strong as sodium)

Question 8

What are the metals stored in and why?

Answer 8

OIL, to stop them reacting with the water and the air.

Question 9

Which of the following is the most reactive:

Lithium, Sodium and Potassium?

Answer 9

1. Potassium (most reactive)
2. Sodium
3. Lithium (least reactive)

Question 10

Lithium and water word equation:

Answer 10

Lithium ➕water ▶️ lithium hydroxide ➕hydrogen

Question 11

Sodium and water word equation:

Answer 11

Sodium ➕water ▶️ sodium hydroxide ➕hydrogen

Question 12

Potassium and water word equation:

Answer 12

Potassium ➕water ▶️ potassium hydroxide ➕hydrogen

Question 13

Why are they called alkali metals?

Answer 13

Because when dissolved in water and reacted with UI the liquid turns purple which is alkali
/
They form alkali solutions when reacted with water

Question 15

What are the trends as you go down the group 1 metals?

Answer 15

They get more reactive.

They are easier to cut/softer.