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Sanders ATP > Ground school > Flashcards

Ground school Flashcards

1
Q

Basic empty weight

A

2909 pounds

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2
Q

Maximum range

A

661 nautical miles

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3
Q

Cruise speed

A

170 kn

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4
Q

Propeller manufacturer

A

Hartzell

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5
Q

Propeller type

A

Constant speed two blade full feathering

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6
Q

What is the only anti ice system?

A

Pitot heat

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7
Q

Is there any system which warned you when you forget to extend the gear for landing?

A

There is a gear on a horn when the throttle is reduced below 14 inches of manifold pressure with gear up it beeps it beeps on the ground with the gear handle up

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8
Q

Where is the flap motor located?

A

Under the copilot seat

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9
Q

What are the three kinds of part 121 scheduled Operations

A

Domestic flagged and supplemental

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10
Q

What are the three kinds of decompression

A

Explosive, rapid and incipient ( slow)

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11
Q

What are the 2 PAST factors that affect yaw

A

P factor and spiraling slipstream

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12
Q

When should you configure on a precision approach?

A

1.5 dots above glideslope

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13
Q

When should you configure on a non-precision app

A

Two nautical miles before the final approach fix

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14
Q

What is the max deflection of the CDI on an instrument approach for ATP ACS

A

1/4

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15
Q

What type of oxygen can be used in the aircraft?

A

FA approved Aviation oxygen

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16
Q

What does part 61 cover?

A

Certifications for pilot, flight instructors and ground instructors

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17
Q

What does part 91 cover?

A

General flight rules or pilot flying rules

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18
Q

What is part 117 cover

A

Flight duty requirements and rest limitations

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19
Q

What does part 121 cover

A

Regularly scheduled air carriers of which there are three types, domestic, flag, supplemental

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20
Q

What is part 135 cover

A

Commuter and on demand operators, i.e. charter type surfaces

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21
Q

What is 49 CFR 830

A

NTSB and notification and reporting of aircraft accidents

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22
Q

What does IMSAFE stand for

A

I is illness M is medication. S is stress A is alcohol. F is fatigue. E is emotion.

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23
Q

What is accelerate stop distance?

A

Distance to accelerate to VR and stop upon engine failure on the remaining runway

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24
Q

What is absolute ceiling?

A

Max altitude at which aircraft can maintain level flight

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25
Q

What is service ceiling?

A

Single engine service ceiling reached when multi engine plane can no longer maintain more than 50 feet per minute rate of climb and two Engine service ceiling is equal to 100 ft./min. rate of climb

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26
Q

What is critical Mach number?

A

Lowest Mach number at which the airflow over any part of the aircraft reaches the speed of sound

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27
Q

Does altitude affect Mach speed?

A

Yes, as altitude increases Mach number generally increases

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28
Q

What is Mach tuck?

A

Mach tuck is a nose down pitch tendency due to a change in the position of the center of pressure resulting from a Rearwood movement of the shockwave, which occurs as an aircraft in transonic flight, accelerates beyond its limiting Mach number as an aircraft accelerates the air foil create more lift

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29
Q

Does temperature affect Mach tuck?

A

Yes, Mach number generally decreases as temperature increases

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30
Q

What is the crossover altitude?

A

Altitude at which a specified calibrated air, speed and Mach value represent the same true air speed value above this altitude, the Mach number is used to reference speed

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31
Q

What is AIRMET

A

Adverse whether that results in less than 1000/3, which is Sierra or turbulence, which is tango or icing, which is Zulu

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32
Q

What is a SIGMET

A

Severe weather not associated with thunderstorms that includes severe icing, severe or extreme turbulence, dust snow or ash

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33
Q

What is a convective SIGMET

A

SIGMET associated with thunderstorm, activity - icing, turbulence, low level of wind shear

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34
Q

TAF valid period and update frequency.

A

Valid for 24 to 30 hours and updated every six hours

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35
Q

When was the Beechcraft travel air manufactured?

A

1960s

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36
Q

Which engine is the critical engine?

A

Left

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37
Q

Which way did the props rotate?

A

Clockwise is seen for the cockpit

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38
Q

What is the avionics package?

A

Garmin G430W relate to two Garmin G5

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39
Q

What type of engine?

A

Lycoming, IO - 360 – B1B

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40
Q

How is the engine cooled

A

Air cooled

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41
Q

Describe the engines

A

Horizontally opposed, air cooled, naturally aspirated, direct drive, fuel injected

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42
Q

What is the engine horsepower?

A

180 hp at 2700 RPM

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43
Q

How many cylinders are the engines?

A

Four cylinders with two spark plugs per cylinder, connected to one of two engine driven magnetos

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44
Q

What is the fuel type and what color is it?

A

100 low lead and it’s blue and color

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45
Q

How many fuel pumps and what type?

A

Four fuel pumps, two engine driven and two electric boost pumps

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46
Q

When can use the main fuel tanks and the auxiliary fuel tanks?

A

Main tanks can be used in all phases of Flight. Auxiliary can only be used in cruise.

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47
Q

How many fuel tanks are there and what are their capacities?

A

Four tanks two main tanks that are 25 gallons each and two auxiliary tanks that are 31 gallons each for 112 total gallons

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48
Q

What is the total max amount of fuel on board?

A

112 gallons

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49
Q

What is the total max usable gallons of fuel?

A

106 gallons

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50
Q

How many minutes of battery do you have for the dual generator failure?

A

30 minutes

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51
Q

How many alternators are there and what are their amperage?

A

Two engine driven alternators at 50 A each

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52
Q

What is the voltage of the electrical system?

A

28 V

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53
Q

How many electrical buses are there?

A

Two buses Main and avionics

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54
Q

What does the voltage regulator keep the alternator voltage at?

A

Both alternator share a voltage regulator which keeps them at 24 V regardless of RPM

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55
Q

Battery quantity and specifications

A

Two 12 V DC 25 amp hour, batteries in series

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56
Q

Flap type /operation /settings

A

Type is single slotted
actuation is through an electric motor. The settings are 0,10,20,28°.

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57
Q

Is the engine air filtered?

A

The engine air intake is filtered, but the alternate air is not

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58
Q

How does the RPM of the prop change?

A

The pilot controls the RPM with the prop lever in the cockpit which tells the flyweight what on speed is

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59
Q

Where is the prop governor located?

A

Rear side of the engine

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60
Q

Prop will not feather below what due to what

A

It will not feather below 800 RPM do to the anti-feather lock pin

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61
Q

Feathering accumulator PSI/operation

A

300 psi one time shot until it is reloaded with a running engine

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62
Q

How do you feather the prop? How long will it take?

A

Move the propeller lever all the way down to the feather detent should take six seconds to feather

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63
Q

What is the purpose of feathering?

A

To reduce the drag caused by windmilling and to avoid further damage to the engine

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64
Q

Will the propeller feather when you shut down the engine after landing?

A

No, there is an anti-feather lock pin, which prevents the prop from feathering below 800 RPM when the RPM is high, the pin hides inside a sleeve due to centrifugal force when the RPM is low, the spring pushes out the pin to stop the movement of the prop

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65
Q

How can you un feather the prop?

A

Move the prop lever to high RPM position to activate the feathering accumulator

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66
Q

How does the un feathering accumulator work?

A

It has a diaphragm inside nitrogen is charged on one side engine oil is pumped in on the other side from the governor during normal operation when the propeller lever is moved down to the feather position. The valve is closed to keep high oil pressure inside the accumulator at 300 psi when the prop lever is moved to high RPM position, the valve is opened and the nitrogen pushes the oil back. The oil is sent to the hub to the governor in crankshaft to decrease blade angle. Once the blade angle changes the wind picks up the prop to start windmilling this way. The engine can be restarted without stress on the cylinders. The accumulator opens the governor and drops oil out of of the hub, allowing low pitch RPM.

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67
Q

What is prop over speed caused by?

A

A malfunction in the propeller governor, which allows the propeller blades to rotate to full low pitch

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68
Q

What should you do if you encounter propeller over speed?

A

Retard the throttle,
the propeller control should be moved to full decrease RPM and then set if any Control is available
air speed should be reduced and throttle used to maintain a maximum of 2700 RPM

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69
Q

Will the engines quit on us and Flight if alternators and batteries die in the aircraft

A

No, the magnetos are sufficient for engine operation

70
Q

What is the oil capacity?

A

16 quarts 8 quarts in each engine
6 quarts minimum each side for takeoff
Lycoming engine specs say engine will run on 2 quarts

71
Q

What is the minimum fuel for takeoff?

A

13 gallons in the main tanks

72
Q

What is the max duration of a slip?

A

30 seconds

73
Q

How many fuel drains and where are they located?

A

Nine drains
two in the mains
two in the auxiliary
two cross feed lines
2 at the fuel strainer
one janitrol heater

74
Q

When are the boost pumps used?

A

If it’s hot, which is above 95°F or during a cold start during priming or in an emergency if the engine driven pump fails

75
Q

What is happening if you see over voltage warning light

A

The overvoltage relay shuts down the line as a result of overvoltage caused by a spike or a voltage regulator failure switch the voltage regulator if the condition persists try to troubleshoot and then switch if there’s no change, pull the alternator field circuit breaker

76
Q

How can you make sure if one of the alternators is working or not?

A

Turn off one of the alternators if the alternator that is on does not pick up the load then the alternator is not working

77
Q

What is a bus bar? Where are they located? How many bus bars are there?

A

A bus bar is a piece of metal used for the distribution of electricity. It’s simplifies the wiring. It is located behind the circuit breakers. There are two bus bars. One is the main bus. The other is the avionic bus.

78
Q

How can you detect the alternator failure? What would you do then?

A

One or both load meters indicates zero if only one indicate zero turn off the other one to make sure it is working if both indicate zero check if the master switches on circuit breakers have popped or if the voltage regulator needs to be switched if it still indicates zero, turn off the master switch to conserve the battery

79
Q

Battery location

A

Two batteries in the Nose baggage compartment

80
Q

How long does the battery last after losing the alternator?

A

Depends on the load if you use 25 A continuously it lasts one hour if you use 50 A continuously it lasts for half hour

81
Q

Type of landing gear

A

Tricycle retractable

82
Q

How is the landing gear raised and lowered

A

Pirate can select the position upper down by the gear handle the electric motor rotates the gear in the gearbox located below the pilot seat. Bell crank is attached to the gear which moves the push pool rods. The other ends of the push Pool ride is attached to the Nose gear in each main gear

83
Q

How many landing gear motors

A

Just one

84
Q

How can you confirm the gears down?

A

Lights with your interchangeable,
the nose wheel indicator
Or the mirror on the nacelle

85
Q

What would you do if you don’t see a green light after you move the gear handle down

A

Check the master switches on the circuit breakers in push the lightbulb test switch the lightbulb turn the bulb to the left to brighten it

86
Q

What is the emergency extension for the landing gear?

A

A red emergency gear crank is located to the back right of the pilot seat

87
Q

How many cranks does the emergency extension require in what direction?

A

50 cranks counterclockwise

88
Q

Can you retract the gear with manual extension system?

A

No gravity and air resistance acts against the crank it may break the crank

89
Q

Squat, switch location, and function

A

Location is left Main. It stops the gear from coming up and activates the heater blower.

90
Q

Heater type/BTU/fuel consumption

A

JANITROL, 50,000 BTU, .5 gallons per hour

91
Q

When/how to cool heater?

A

Two minutes before engine shut down or using ram air in Flight or using the blower on the ground with the squat switch

92
Q

Pitot static system heating/alternate source

A

Pitot heat is the only anti ice system. There’s no deice on the airplane.
Emergency static source for cabin air

93
Q

How is the nose will steered and what degree of deflection is available?

A

The nose wheel is steered through the use of Rutter pedals and is terrible 30° either side of center

94
Q

What is the double cross feed trap?

A

Will cause the engines to quit

95
Q

What does conventional mean?

A

Both props rotate clockwise

96
Q

How is the flight control system operated

A

Mechanically through linkage to elevator, aeloron and rudder

97
Q

Describe the flap system

A

Single slot type flaps with max extension of 28°

98
Q

How are the flaps actuated/operated

A

Three position electrical switch with a stop electrically operated through system of jack screws, driven by electric motor under the front seat

99
Q

Describe the engine ignition

A

Each engine receives ignition from two magneto’s powered by battery, master relay and independent from the electrical system and each other

100
Q

More oil in the propeller hub equals what

A

More RPMs or low pitch

101
Q

What causes the propeller to feather?

A

Counterweights plus spring pressure

102
Q

Engine oil requirement

A

6 to 8 quarts

103
Q

What is the function of the cowl flaps?

A

Cool the engine while open at the expense of drag

104
Q

What happens if the propeller loses oil above 800 RPM

A

Propeller will feather

105
Q

Propeller oil loss below 800 RPM

A

Propeller will windmill due to centrifugal stop pins preventing feather

106
Q

Primary source of electricity

A

Alternators

107
Q

Number of alternators

A

Two

108
Q

Voltage and capacity of the alternators

A

28 V 50 A

109
Q

How does the electrical system maintain constant voltage?

A

Voltage regulator keeps it at 24 V

110
Q

Number of voltage regulators

A

One primary and one in standby

111
Q

Overvoltage, warning, light response

A

Switch the voltage regulator before troubleshooting further

112
Q

What is the purpose of the alternator check

A

By turning one of the alternators off, we are checking to make sure the other alternator will pick up the load

113
Q

Troubleshooting alternator failure

A

Turn off the good alternator if the suspected alternator does not pick up the load it has failed

114
Q

Garmin G5 battery duration

A

Four hours

115
Q

What is the reason for unusable fuel in the main tanks?

A

Baffles which prevent lateral sloshing

116
Q

Number of fuel gauges

A

Two

117
Q

Cross feeding in single engine situation

A

Good engine to crossfeed dead engine to desired tank

118
Q

Static port blockage response

A

Alternate static valve controls, located in the cabin

119
Q

Describe the brakes actuation/operation

A

Actuated mechanically through the toe brakes operated hydraulically through a self-contained system

120
Q

What are the factors that affect VMC?

A

SMACFUM
Standard day (low )
most unfavorable weight ( light )
Aft CG
critical engine, windmilling,
flaps, and gear up
up to 5° angle of bank,
maximum power on operating engine

121
Q

Define an aircraft’s critical engine

A

The engine that if failed most adversely affects the performance and handling qualities of the aircraft

122
Q

What is P factor?

A

The descending blade develops more thrust longer moment, arm, and causes yaw

123
Q

What is accelerated slipstream?

A

More thrust on the descending blade causes more lift further from the longitudinal access, resulting in a rolling motion

124
Q

What is spiraling slipstream?

A

Slipstream does not interact with the tale of the aircraft due to relative wind, or yaw which means rudder is less effective on the right side

125
Q

What effect does torque have?

A

Aircraft wants to roll to the left more I needed to stay level, which means more drag

126
Q

What are the approved weather data sources?

A

National weather service
flight service station
Aviation Weather Center

127
Q

Types of weather briefings

A

Standard
abbreviated
and outlook for more than six hours

128
Q

Describe the earths atmosphere composition

A

78% nitrogen 21% oxygen 1% other gases

129
Q

Atmospheric stability is depending upon what

A

Dry and saturated idiobatic lapse rate in the Enviromental lapse rate

130
Q

Describe wind shear

A

Change and wind, speed, and direction over a short distance, it can occur both horizontally and vertically and high or low altitudes

131
Q

Mountain wave turbulence avoidance

A

Clear the mountain by at least half as tall as the mountain itself

132
Q

What is the standard day?

A

At sea level 59°F and 29.92 inches of mercury

133
Q

What is the standard temperature lapse rate?

A

2°C per thousand feet up to 36,000 feet

134
Q

What is the standard pressure lapse rate?

A

1 inch of mercury per thousand feet

135
Q

The code weather codes, RA, DZ, SN, GR, PL, TS, IC

A

Rain, drizzle, snow, hail, ice pellets, thunderstorm, ice crystals,

136
Q

What are fronts?

A

Boundary layers between air masses where weather happens

137
Q

What is a cold front?

A

Massive cold air moves to displace warm air

138
Q

What is a warm front?

A

Massive warm air moving over cold air

139
Q

What is the stationary front?

A

Opposing forces of two air masses are relatively balance, causing little to no movement

140
Q

What is an occluded front?

A

Fast moving cold front overtaking a warm front

141
Q

Describe how clouds form

A

A lifting force, moving warm air upward, where it condenses at his dewpoint into visible moisture

142
Q

Thunderstorm ingredients

A

Moisture
instability
and a lifting mechanism

143
Q

What is a microburst?

A

A localized column of sinking air with a thunderstorm and is usually 2.5 miles or less than diameter

144
Q

How did microburst form

A

The result of large amounts of water, droplets hail becoming suspended in the air due to excessive lift

145
Q

Types of icing

A

Mixed,clear , rime

146
Q

Fog formation

A

When cooler mixes with warm moist air dewpoint is reached and condenses

147
Q

Swept wing benefits

A

Design optimize for high-speed flight

148
Q

Describe Mach Buffett

A

Buffett caused due to excessive lift demand from too much air speed over the wing

149
Q

Factors affecting MACH buffet

A

Altitude, weight , G loading

150
Q

Describe coffin corner

A

The region where stall speed approaches critical mock in this flight regime it is very difficult to keep the aircraft stable

151
Q

Describe wave drag

A

Additional drag caused by the formation of shockwaves

152
Q

What are stall characteristics?

A

Buffet, lack of pitch/roll authority, inability to arrest, decent rate

153
Q

How is true airspeed affected with temperature increase

A

True airspeed increases due to less dense air

154
Q

Oxygen requirements

A

Up to 12,500 feet none 2500 to 14,000 required by crew if flying over 30 minutes 14,000 and 15,000 must be used by required fly crew 15,000 to 25,000 must be provided to every occupant above 25,000 every occupant +10 minutes flight level 350 if one member leaves the flight deck other crewmember must use oxygen unless Equip with quick Donnie maskflight level 410 each pilot must be on oxygen

155
Q

Effects of hypoxia

A

Above 10,000 feet middle alertness diminishes
Above 15,000 feet unconscious can occur
above 40,000 feet. Death will occur between eight and 10 seconds.

156
Q

ATP responsibilities

A

Authority, responsibility sound decisions, awareness, mentoring

157
Q

Where is the electric gear motor located?

A

Under the pilot seat

158
Q

What are the three ways to confirm? The landing gear is down and locked

A

Green landing gear light, flag in the lower window, mirror on the nacelle

159
Q

An extreme emergency situations the gear may be lowered at what speed

A

200 mph

160
Q

What does the I in the IO mean in the designation of the engines?

A

Fuel injected

161
Q

What does the O in IO mean in the designation of the engines?

A

Conventionally rotated

162
Q

What is the reason we placed the engine settings at 2500 RPM/25 inches of manifold pressure at 1000 feet

A

Defined in the POH as cruise climb speed for two engines

163
Q

Define constant speed prop

A

Propeller which maintains constant RPM selected by propeller control lever regardless of the airplanes pitch attitude or throttle position

164
Q

What does un feathering accumulator do?

A

Un feather the prop

165
Q

Will the engines quit on us in flight off the alternator and batteries die in the aircraft? Why

A

No. The magnetos are self sufficient

166
Q

What the blue line marking indicator on the airspeed indicator and what importance does it have

A

Best rate of climb single engine. In and engine out scenario if gives us the best chance to gain/maintain altitude.

167
Q

Part 61 subsections

A

Section A general
section B aircraft ratings
section G airline transport pilot

168
Q

Part 91 subsections

A

A general Ops rules
B flight rules
C equipment, instrument certification rules,
F large and turbine powered multi engine planes
G additional equipment requirements for large transport, category, planes,
H foreign aircraft operations and operations of US aircraft outside of the US

169
Q

Part 121 subsections

A

A general
G Manual requirements
K instrument and equipment requirements
M airman and crew-member requirements
O crew-member qualifications
T flight operations
U dispatching and flight release
V records and reports

170
Q

Part 135 subsections

A

A general
B flight operations
C aircraft and equipment
D VFR/IFR operations limits and weather requirements
E flight crew-member requirements
F crew-member flight time and duty period limits
G crewmember testing

Sanders ATP (3 decks)

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