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Gross Anatomy > Gross Test 2 > Flashcards

Gross Test 2 Flashcards

0
Q

are superficial or deep lymphatic vessels are the less numerous

A

deep

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1
Q

The pectoralis fascia leaves the lateral border of the pec major and becomes the ______ _______

A

axillary fascia

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2
Q

anterior axio-appendicular muscles

A

pectoralis major and minor, serratus anterior, subclavius

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3
Q

the pec major and adjacent deltoid form the ______ _______

A

deltopectorial groove

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4
Q

what makes up the claviopectoral triangle

A

deltoid, pec major and clavicle

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5
Q

what forms the “bridge” which vessels and nerves pass thru the arm?

A

coracoid process and pec minor

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6
Q

pec major

A

O: clavicular head- ant surface of medial half of clavicle
sternocostal head- ant surface of sternum, superior 6 costal cartilages, aponeurosis of external oblique muscles
I: lateral lip of intertubercular sulcus of humerus
Inn: lateral and medial pectoral nerves, clavicular head (C5, C6), sternocostal head (C7, C8, T1)

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7
Q

pec major action

A

adducts and medially rotates shoulder joint, draws scapula anterior and inferiorly. acting alone, clavicular head flexes shoulder joint and sternocostal head extends it from the flexed postition

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8
Q

why doesnt a fractured clavicle create a compound fracture?

A

the SCM pulls up on medial clavicle, but deltoid pulls down so it wont break the skin

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9
Q

pec minor

A

O: 3rd-5th ribs near costal cartilage
I: medial border and superior surface of coracoid process of scapula
Inn: medial pectoral nerve (C8, T1)

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10
Q

pec minor action

A

stabilizes scap by drawing it inferioly and anteriorly against thoracic wall

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11
Q

subclavius

A

O: junction of 1st rib and its costal cartilage
I: inferior surface of middle third of clavicle
Inn: subclavian nerve (C5, C6)

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12
Q

subclavius action

A

anchors and depresses clavicle

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13
Q

serratus anterior

A

O: external surfaces of lateral part of 1st-8th ribs
I: anterior surface of medial border of scapula
Inn: long thoracic nerve (C5, C6, C7)

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14
Q

serratus anterior action

A

protracts scapula and holds against thoracic wall; rotates scapula

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15
Q

deltoid

A

O: lateral third of clavicle, acromion and spine of scapula
I: deltoid tuberosity of humerus
Inn: axillary nerve (C5, C6)

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16
Q

deltoid action

A

clavicular part flexes and medially rotates shoulder joint. acromial part abducts shoulder joint, spinal part extends and medially rotates

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17
Q

what are the 4 muscles of the rotator cuff?

A

SITS (supraspinatous, infraspinatous, teres minor, suprascapularis)

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18
Q

supraspinatous

A

O: supraspinous fossa of scapula
I: superior facet of greater tubercle of humerus
Inn: suprascapular nerve (C4, C5, C6)

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19
Q

supraspinatous action

A

it initiate and assists in abduction with the deltoid and acts with other rotator cuff muscles

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20
Q

infraspinatous

A

O: infraspinous fossa of scapula
I: middle facet of greater tubercle of humerus
Inn: subscapular nerve (C5, C6)

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21
Q

infraspinatous action

A

laterally rotate shoulder joint, help keep head of humeral head in glenoid cavity of scapula

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22
Q

teres minor

A

O: middle part of lateral border of scapula
I: inferior facet of greater tubercle of humerus
Inn: axillary nerve C5, C6

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23
Q

teres minor action

A

laterally rotate shoulder joint, help keep humerol head in glenoid cavity of scapula

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24
Q

subscapularis

A

O: subscapular fossa (most anterior part) of scapula
I: lesser tubercle of humerus
Inn: upper and lower subscapular nerves (C5, C6, C7)

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25
Q

subscapularis action

A

medially rotates and adducts shoulder joint; help hold humeral head in glenoid cavity

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26
Q

teres major

A

O: inferior part of lateral border of scapula and posterior part of inferior angle of scapula
I: medial lip of intertubercular sulcus of humerus
Inn: lower subscapular nerve (C5, C6)

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27
Q

teres major action

A

adducts and medially rotates shoulder joint

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28
Q

omohyoid

A

O: superior border of scapula near suprascapular notch
I: inferior border of hyoid
Inn: none
Action: depresses, retracts and steadies hyoid

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29
Q

latissimus dorsi

A

O: last 3/4 ribs, inferior 6 thoracic spinous processes, thoracolumbar fascia, iliac crest
I: floor of intertubercular sulcus of humerus
Inn: thoracodorsal C6, C7, C8
Act: adduction, medial rotation, extension

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30
Q

trapezius

A

O: EOP, middle part of superior nuchal line, nuchal lig, spinous processes of C7-T12
I: acromion, spine of scapula, lateral third of clavicle
Inn: spinal accessory nerve (C3, C4)
Act: elevate, depress, retract, rotate glenoid cavity superiorly

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31
Q

levator scapulae

A

O: posterior tubercles of transverse processes of C1-C4
I: medial border of scapula superior to spin
Inn: dorsal scapular (C5), cervical (C3, C4)
Act: elevate scap, rotate glenoid inferiorly

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32
Q

biceps brachii

A

O: short head- tip of coracoid process of scapula. long head- supraglenoid tubercle of scapula
I: tuberosity of radius and fascia of the forearm via bicipital aponeurosis
Inn: musculocutaneous (C5, C6)

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33
Q

biceps brachii action

A

supinates forearm and when it is supinated, flexes the elbow. flexes shoulder joint; short head resists dislocation

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34
Q

brachialis

A

O: distal half of anterior surface of humerus
I: coronoid process and tuberosity of ulna
Inn: musculocutaneous nerve (C5, C6)

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35
Q

brachialis action

A

flexes elbow joint in all positions

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36
Q

coracobrachialis

A

O: tip of coracoid process of scapula
I: middle third of medial surface of humerus
Inn: musculocutaneous nerve (C5, C6, C7)

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37
Q

which three muscles help resist dislocation of the shoulder joint?

A

biceps brachii, corocobrachialis and triceps brachii

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38
Q

coracobrachialis actions

A

flex and adduct shoulder joint; resists dislocation of the shoulder

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39
Q

triceps brachii

A

O: long- infraglenoid tubercle of humerus. lateral- posterior surface of humerus, superior to radial groove. medial- posterior surface of humerus, inferior to radial groove
Inn: radial nerve (C6, C7, C8)

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40
Q

triceps brachii action

A

chief extensor of elbow joint; long head extends shoulder joint and resists dislocation of humerus (especially important during abduction)

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41
Q

brachioradialis

A

O: proximal 2/3 of lateral supraepicondylar ridge of humerus
I: lateral surface of distal end of radius proximal to styloid process
Inn: radial nerve (C5, C6, C7)

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42
Q

brachioradialis action

A

relatively weak elbow flexion of elbow, maximal when forearm is in midpronated position

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43
Q

extensor carpi radialis longus

A

O: lateral supraepicondylar ridge of humerus
I: dorsal aspect of base of second metacarpal
Inn: radial nerve (C6, C7)
Act: extend and abduct wrist joint

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44
Q

extensor carpi radialis brevis

A

O: lateral epicondyle of humerus
I: dorsal aspect of base of third metacarpal
Inn: deep branch of radial nerve (C7, C8)
Act: extend and abduct wrist joint, active during fist clenching

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45
Q

which nerves supply the base of the neck, extending laterally over the shoulder ?

A

C3 and C4

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46
Q

___ supplies the arm laterally

A

C5

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47
Q

at full adduction, abduction must be initiated by the ________ or by standing to the side

A

supraspinatus

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48
Q

the deltoid becomes fully effective as an abductor after the initial __ degrees of abduction

A

15

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49
Q

all except the _________ of the rotator cuff are rotators of the humerus

A

supraspinatus

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50
Q

____ _______ of the rotators holds the relatively large head of the humerus firmly against the small, shallow glenoid cavity during arm movements

A

tonic contractions

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51
Q

what is the apex of the axilla?

A

cervico-axillary canal (passageway between neck and axilla)

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52
Q

what is the cervioaxillary canal bounded by?

A

1st rib, clavicle and superior edge of scapula

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53
Q

these nerves pass anterior to the clavicle, deep to the platysma, and supply the skin over the clavicle and the superolateral aspect of the pec major

A

supraclavicular nerves (C3, C4)

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54
Q

posterior cutaneous nerve of the arm and forearm which supplies skin of posterior surface of the arm are branches of which nerve

A

radial

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55
Q

______ ______ form communications between the superficial and deep veins

A

perforating

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56
Q

cephalic and basilic veins arise from the _____ _____ _______

A

dorsal venous network

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57
Q

the vein that communicates between the cephalic and basilic veins that crosses thru the medical aspect of the elbow is the _____ _____ _____

A

median cubital vein

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58
Q

most vessels accompanying the cephalic vein cross the proximal part of the arm anterior aspect of the shoulder to enter the _____ ______ _____ ______

A

apical axillary lymph nodes

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59
Q

the deep lymphatic vessels terminate in the _______ ______ ______ ______

A

humeral axillary lymph nodes

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60
Q

the ____ _____ and adjacent _____ form the narrow deltopectorial groove

A

pect major and deltoid

61
Q

which vein runs thru the deltopectorial groove?

A

cephalic

62
Q

which muscle is primarily used when stretching the upper limb forward to grasp an object just out of reach

A

pec minor

63
Q

each trunk of brachial plexus goes into an anterior and posterior divisions. anterior supplies ______, while posterior supplies ______

A

flexor, extensor

64
Q

smallest nerve of brachial plexus is what?

A

medial cutaneous nerve of arm

65
Q

Which is the stabilizing bone of the forearm ?

A

Ulna

66
Q

The olecronon and coronoid process form the walls of the _____ ______

A

Trochlear notch

67
Q

True or false. The ulna articulates directly with the carpal bones

A

False. Fibrocartilnigeous articular disks separate carpals and ulna

68
Q

Which is the last of the epiphysis of long bones to fuse?

A

Sternal end of epiphysis of clavicle

69
Q

A small triangular muscle on the posterior aspect of the elbow that covers the posterior aspect of the ulna proximally is called the

A

Anconeus

70
Q

the main named branches of the brachial artery that arise from the medial aspect are the

A

profundi brachii artery and sup/inf collateral ulnar arteries

71
Q

what vessels help form the periarticular arterial anastamoses of the elbow region?

A

inferior collateral ulnar arteries

72
Q

do deep or superficial veins have more valves?

A

deep

73
Q

true or false. the median and ulnar nerves supply no branches to the arm

A

true

74
Q

what nerve continues as the lateral cutaneous nerve of the forearm?

A

musculocutaneous

75
Q

while palpating at the medial bicipital groove, what artery is being felt?

A

brachial

76
Q

boundaries of the cubital fossa are?

A

imaginary line connecting medial and lateral epicondyles, pronator teres, brachioradialis

77
Q

floor of the cubital fosssa is

A

brachialis and supinator

78
Q

the roof of the cubital fossa is formed by

A

continuity of brachial and antebrachial fascia , reinforced by bicipital aponeurosis , subcutaneous tissue and skin

79
Q

contents of the cubital fossa are

A

terminal part of brachial artery, radial and ulnar artery beginnings, deep accompanying veins of artery, biceps brachii tendon, median nerve, radial nerve

80
Q

this ligament encircles and holds the head of the radius in the radial notch of the ulna and permits supination and pronation

A

anular ligament

81
Q

the radioulnar joint is which type?

A

synovial pivot

82
Q

Which membrane does the cephalic vein pierce?

A

Costocoracoid

83
Q

What fascia does the basilic vein pierce?

A

Brachial

84
Q

Dermatomes shows

A

Segmental innervation

85
Q

What three axes of movement occurs in glenohumeral joint ?

A

Sagittal, transverse, frontal

86
Q

What type of stress does the radial collateral lig prevent?

A

Varus

87
Q

What type of stress does the ulnar collateral lig prevent?

A

Valgus

88
Q

What three types of collateral bands are there ?

A

Posterior, anterior, oblique

89
Q

Only articulation between the upper limb and axial skeleton is

A

SC joint

90
Q

Where does AC joint get its strength?

A

AC lig –> coracoclavicular lig

91
Q

What does the coracoclavicular lig divide into?

A

Trapezoid and conoid lig

92
Q

What arteries supplies the AC joint?

A

Suprascapular and thoracoacromial

93
Q

What nerves innervates the AC joint?

A

Supraclavicular, lat pectorial and axillary

94
Q

Supinator

A

O: lateral epicondyle of humerus, radial collateral and annular ligaments, supinator fossa, crest of ulna
I: anterior, posterior and lateral surfaces of proximal third of radius
Inn: deep branch of radial nerve C7 C8
Act: supinates forearm, rotates radius to turn palms anteriorly and superiorly

95
Q

Abductor pollicis longus

A

O: posterior surface of proximal halves of ulna, radius and interosseous membrane
I: base of first metacarpal
Inn: posterior interosseous nerve C7 C8
Act:

96
Q

pronator teres

A

O: ulnar head: coronoid process of ulna
humerol head: medial epicondyle of humerus
I: middle of convexity of lateral surface of radius
Inn: median nerve C6 C7
Act: pronates and flexes forearm

97
Q

Flexor carpi radialis (FCR)

A

O: medial epicondyle of humerus
I: base of 2nd (3rd) metacarpal
Inn: median nerve C6 C7
Act: flex and abduct hand at wrist

98
Q

palmaris longus

A

O: medial epicondyle of humerus
I: distal half of flexor retinaculum, palmar aponeurosis
Inn: median nerve C7 C8
Act: flexes hand at wrist and tenses palmar aponeurosis

99
Q

flexor carpi ulnaris (humerol and ulnar head)

A

O: olecranon and posterior border of ulna
I: pisiform, hook of hamate, 5th metacarpal
Inn: ulnar nerve C7 C8
Act: flexes and adducts hand at wrist

100
Q

flexor digitorum superficialis

A

O: humeroulnar head- medial epicondyle of humerus and coronoid process of ulna
radial head- oblique line of radius
I: shafts of middle phalages of medial four digits
Inn: median nerve C7 C8 T1
Act: flexes wrist joint, flexes interphalageal joints of middle four digits, acting more strongly, it also flexes proximal phalages at metacarpalphalageal joints

101
Q

flexor digitorum profundum

A

O:proximal three quarters of medial and anterior surface of ulna and interosseus membrane
I: bases of distal phalanges of 2-3-4-5
Inn: digits 2-3 median nerve C8 T1, digits 4-5 ulnar nerve C8 T1
Act: flexes wrist joint, flexes interphalangeal joints of 2-3-4-5, assists with wrist flexion

102
Q

flexor pollicis longus

A

O: ant surface of radius and adjacent inteross. membrane
I: base of distal phalanx of thumb
Inn: anterior inteross. nerve from median nerve C8 T1
Act: flexes wrist, flexes metacarphalangeal and interphalangeal joints of thumb

103
Q

pronator quadratus

A

O: distal quarter of ant surface of ulna
I: distal quarter of ant surface o f radius
Inn: ant inteross. nerve from median nerve C8 T1
Act: pronates forearm, deep fibers bind radius and ulna together

104
Q

what is the most superficial structure in the carpal tunnel?

A

median nerve

105
Q

what passes through the carpal tunnel?

A

flexor digitorum superficialis (4 tendons), median nerve and flexor digitorum profundus (4 tendons), flexor pollicis longus

106
Q

what causes the pain felt in carpal tunnel?

A

narrowing of the tunnel which irritates median nerve (bone inflammation etc)

107
Q

what comprises the deep layer of ant. forearm muscles

A

flexor pollicis longus, flexor digitorum profundus, pronator quadratus

108
Q

what position is best for wrist to prevent carpal tunnel pain?

A

neutral wrist

109
Q

reduce pressure of tendons or the nerve to alleviate carpal tunnel pain?

A

nerve

110
Q

what happens in carpal tunnel surgery?

A

release some of flexor retinaculum to create more room for the median nerve

111
Q

the lateral cutaneous nerve of the forearm is an extension of which branch of the brachial plexus?

A

musculocutaneous

112
Q

which three branches arise from the radial nerve?

A

1) posterior interosseus nerve
2) superficial branch of radial nerve
3) posterior cutaneous nerve of forearm

113
Q

Median nerve has two branches in the forearm which are

A

anterior interosseus nerve, palmar cutaneous branch of median nerve

114
Q

extensor digitorum

A

O: lateral epicondyle of humerus
I: extensor expansions of medial four fingers
Inn: posterior interosseus nerve (C7, C8)
Act: extend wrist joint, extend medial four fingers at primarily MC joint and secondarily at IP joint

115
Q

extensor digiti minimi

A

O: lateral epicondyle of humerus
I: extension expansion of 5th metacarpal
Inn: posterior interosseus nerve C7 C8
Act: extend wrist, extend 5th metacarpal at MC joint and secondarily at IP joint

116
Q

extensor carpi ulnaris

A

O: posterior border of ulna, lateral epicondyle of humerus
I: dorsal of base of 5th metacarpal
Inn: posterior interosseus nerve C7 C8
Act: extend wrist joint, adduct wrist joint

117
Q

which part of the scapula is the thickest part of the bone?

A

lateral border

118
Q

True of false. The glenoid cavity is considerably smaller than head of humerus

A

true

119
Q

the inability to extend the wrist the the MCP joint due to radial nerve damage is called

A

wrist drop

120
Q

the tendons of most flexor muscles pass across the anterior surface of the wrist and are held in place by the ________ ______ ______ and ________ ________, thickenings of the antebrachial fascia

A

palmar carpal lig, flexor retinaculum

121
Q

what are the long flexors of the digits?

A

FDS and FDP

122
Q

the intermediate layer of ant muscles in forearm is one muscle called

A

FDS (flexor digitorum superficialis)

123
Q

deep layer of ant forearm muscles are

A

flexor digitorum profundus, flexor pollicis longus and pronator quadratus

124
Q

does extending or flexing the wrist increase the operating distance of long flexor muscles?

A

extending

125
Q

the FDS flexes the _____ ______

A

middle phalanges

126
Q

the FDP flexes the ______ _______

A

distal phalanges

127
Q

the FDP flexes the fingers in ___ action whereas the FDS flexes the fingers in ____ action

A

slow, fast

128
Q

the pronator ____ is the prime mover for pronation and works with the pronator ______

A

quadratus, teres

129
Q

muscles that extend and adduct/abduct are the

A

1) extensor carpi radialis longus
2) extensor carpi radialis brevis
#) extensor carpi ulnaris

130
Q

extensors that extend the medial four fingers

A

1) extensor digitorum
2) extensor indicis
3) extensor digiti minimi

131
Q

muscles that extend or abduct the thumb

A

1) extensor pollicis brevis
2) extensor pollicis longus
3) abductor pollicis longus

132
Q

deep muscle of post. forearm

A

supinator

133
Q

deep “outcropping” muscles of post. forearm are

A

APL, EPB, EPL, EI

134
Q

lateral border of the anatomical snuff box

A

APL, EPB

135
Q

tendon of the ___ bounds the anatomical snuff box medially

A

EPL

136
Q

the floor of the snuff box

A

radial artery, schapoid, trapezium (between radial styloid process and 1st metacarpal)

137
Q

this is when the a long extensor tendon is detaches from the phalanx and the IP joint is stuck in hyperflexion

A

mallet finger

138
Q

tennis elbow is an overuse injury that stems from pain in the _____ ______

A

lateral epicondyle

139
Q

where are synovial cysts most common on the wrist?

A

dorsum of the wrist

140
Q

central concavity at palmar aspect of hand separates into two parts called

A

thenar and hypothenar eminences

141
Q

what attaches to the tendons of the FDP?

A

lumbricals

142
Q

what do the lumbricals do?

A

flex MCP, extend IP

143
Q

lumbricals + extensor digitorm =

A

allow our fingers to go straight together at once

144
Q

what type of muscles are dorsal interossei?

A

bipennate muscles

145
Q

true or false. the dorsal interossei and stronger than the palmar interossei

A

true

146
Q

palmar interossei act to

A

adduct

147
Q

all interossei are supplied by the ____ nerve

A

ulnar

148
Q

does an IV go in artery or vein?

A

vein (blood gas taken from an artery)

149
Q

extensors of hand

A

extensor digitorum, ORL, interossei, lumbricals

150
Q

what are intertendinous connections and what do they do?

A

restrict independent flexion of fingers. located on dorsum of hand and link adjacent tendon

Gross Anatomy (4 decks)

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