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Gross Anatomy > Gross Lecture Exam 3 > Flashcards

Gross Lecture Exam 3 Flashcards

1
Q

The three primary functions of the lower extremity

A

support weight of body

provide stable foundation while standing

allow locomotion

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2
Q

Modifications to lower extremities to accommodate its functions. (compared to upper extremities)

A

Bones are heavier and stronger

Joints are stronger and more stable

Muscles are more powerful and less capable of delicate movement

Blood Vessels are larger

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3
Q

Pelvic Bone (Os Coxae or Pelvis) consists of what two things? What do these two things articulate with?

A

Two innominate bones

They articulate with the sacrum, femur and each other

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4
Q

Three bones that make up the innominate

A

ilium ischium and pubis

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5
Q

what makes up the hip joint

A

acetabulum and head of femur

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6
Q

what is the name for the horshoe shaped surface of the acetabulum

A

lunar surface

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7
Q

name for the rough non articular surface of the acetabulum

A

acetabular fossa

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8
Q

outside edge of acetabulum (name it) which is deficient inferiorly is the___ that is bridged by connective tissue knowns as….

A

acetabular rim

acetabular notch

transverse acetabular ligament

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9
Q

What are the three lines on the external or lateral surface of the ilium

A

anterior posterior and inferior gluteal lines

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10
Q

posterior to the iliac fossa what are the two disticnt areas?

more superior one has ligaments attach and more inferior one is where the innominate articulates with sacrum

A

Iliac tuberosity

auricular surface

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11
Q

what marks the boundry between major or false pelvis from minor or true pelvis

A

arcuate line

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12
Q

Know ASIS, AIIS, PSIS, PIIS

A

oik

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13
Q

what is found on the most lateral aspect of the iliac crest?

A

iliac tubercle

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14
Q

just inferior to the PIIS is a deep notch

A

Greater Sciatic Notch

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15
Q

What two things make up the L shaped Ischium?

Which portion enters into the formation of the acetabulum?

A

Body and Ramus

the body

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16
Q

What is the name for the small projection of the body of the ischium? The small notch below it?

A

Ischial spine

Lesser sciatic notch

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17
Q

Inferior to the lesser sciatic notch is a large roughened area

A

ischial tuberosity

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18
Q

What three things make up the pubis?

A

Body and 2 rami

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19
Q

What is the other name for the pubis symphysis?

A

Symphyseal surface

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20
Q

The name for the superior rams of the pubis as it terminates

A

iliopubic eminence

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21
Q

prominent ridge on the superior ramus of the pubis

A

pubic pecten (pectineal line)

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22
Q

What extends posterior and inferior from the body of the pubis to join the ramus of the ischium?

A

inferior ramus of the pubis

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23
Q

name for the indentation found at the superior anterior border of the obturator foramen? name for the piece of connective tissue over the hole?

A

obturator groove

obturator membrane

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24
Q

What is the False Pelvis (Major) bode by posteriorly? Laterallly? anteriorly?

A

lumbar vertebrae

ilium

abdominal wall

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25
Q

what is the true pelvis bounded by posteriorly? laterally? anteriorly?

A

sacrum and coccyx

ilium, ischium, and pubis

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26
Q

What re the 4 functions of the pelvic bone?

A

Protect pelvic viscera

Transmit bodyweight to limbs

Allow locomotion

Provide bony support for birth canal

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27
Q

Pelvic inlet male and female?

A

Male heart shaped

female rounded or oval

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28
Q

Pelvic outlet

A

Male narrow

female wide

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29
Q

ASIS

A

male closer together

female farther apart

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30
Q

Greater Sciatic Notch

A

Male narrow

female wider

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31
Q

Obturator Foramen

A

Male Round

Female Triangle

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32
Q

Acetabulum direction

A

male face laterally

female face anteriorly

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33
Q

Symphysis pubis

A

Male longer

Female Shorter

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34
Q

Pelvic Arch

A

Male acute

Female Obtuse

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35
Q

What is an android pelvis?

gynecoid?

Anthropoid?

Platylpelloid?

A

Typical male

Typical female

exaggerated male

exaggerated female

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36
Q

Which pelvic areas are most prone to fractures? 4

A

Pubic rami

acetabulum

SI joint region

most lateral aspect of ilium

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37
Q

Fractures often occur in two places cuz pelvis is solid bone ring. Where do they occur?

A

Initial force site and 180 degrees opposite to it

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38
Q

What is usually assumed with pelvic fractures?

A

internal damage

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39
Q

Name for a common painful contusion of soft tissue around iliac crest?

A

Hip Pointer

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40
Q

What are the three primary centers of ossification of the pelvis?

A

Ilium Ischium and Pubis

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41
Q

5 secondary ossification centers of the pelvis?

A

iliac crest

anterior inferior iliac spine

ischial tuberosity

pubis symphysis

center of acetabulum

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42
Q

When does the ossification of the pelvis end?

A

between 20 and 22 years of age

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43
Q

What is the longest, heaviest, and strongest bone in the body?

A

Femur

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44
Q

What is the name for the pit or small depression on the head of the femur?

A

Fovea capitis (attachment site for capitis femoris ligament)

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45
Q

Deep pit between neck of femur and greater trochanter?

A

Trochanteric fossa

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46
Q

What joins the trochanters posteriorly? Anteriorly?

A

Intertrochanteric Crest

Intertrochanteric Line

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47
Q

What is located on the Intertrochanteric crest? its a prominent bump

A

quadrate tubercle

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48
Q

Which three lines make up the linea aspera? where are they located?

A

Spiral - posterior aspect of shaft

pectineal - just inferior to lesser trochanter

gluteal (tuberosity) - just inferior to greater trochanter

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49
Q

Added projection on the medial epicondyle

A

adductor tubercle

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50
Q

most superior part of the intercondylar fossa

A

intercondylar line

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51
Q

What are the ossification centers for the femur

A

Primary : shaft

Secondary : head, both trochanters, distal end (condyles and epicondyles)

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52
Q

When is ossicification of femur done?

A

by 15 years in male 17.5 female

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53
Q

What is an increase of angle of inclination which can occur with developmental dysphasia of hip?

A

Coxa Valga

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54
Q

Decrease of angle of inclination which occurs in fractures of proximal femur and rickets. causes mild shortening

A

Coxa Vara

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55
Q

Femur fractures describe

A

Common - esp osteoporosis

avascular necrosis if obturator artery, femoral artery, or lateral/medial femoral circumflex arteries are damaged

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56
Q

Main functions of the patella?

A

give more leverage to quadriceps during last part of leg extension. increases power

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57
Q

Ossification centers of the Patella. When does it start and stop?

A

ONE single center that appears in the 3rd year of life. fully developed at 10 years male 13 female

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58
Q

Describe direct trauma fracture of patella

indirect trauma

A

broken into many small fragments but not displaced

quads contract to cause transverse fracture. displaced or not displaced

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59
Q

symptoms of patella fracture

A

severe pain

swelling tenderness

cant extend

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60
Q

What are the two developmental anomalies of the patella?

A

Patella Emarginata - superior lateral portion unossified

Bipartite or tripartite patella - superior lateral portion ossified independently.

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61
Q

what is the softening and fissuring of the articular cartilage on the posterior aspect of the patella?

Caused by?

Symptoms

A

Chondromalacia

trauma, overuse, muscle weakness

pain under patella worse with exercise and flexion to extension

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62
Q

What are the functions of the fascia lata?

A

provide dense envelope for thigh to prevent bulging out of thigh muscles

enhances thigh muscle effectiveness

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63
Q

What is the thickened lateral aspect of the fascia lata?

A

Iliotibal Tract

64
Q

Opening found in the proximal anterior aspect of the fascia lata? what goes through there?

A

Saphenous opening

Great saphenous vein and femoral vein

65
Q

What is iliotibial band syndrome (ITBS)

Symptoms?

Cause?

A

overuse syndrome when distal end of IT band rubs over lateral condyle of femur and inflames a bursae there.

stinging pain on lateral knee

worse when runnin up down hill

Overuse of Glute Max which pulls on IT band

66
Q

What are the three muscles of the anterior hip region?

A

Iliacus

Psoas Major

Psoas Minor

67
Q

Iliacus OIAN

A

O: iliac fossa and sacrum

I: Lesser trochanter of femur

A: Flex femur @ hip, assist flexion/ vertebral column, help maintain posture

N: Femoral Nerve

68
Q

Psoas Major OIAN

A

O: bodies&transverse processes of lumbars

I: Lesser trochanter of femur

A: Flex femur @ hip, assist flexion/ vertebral column, help maintain posture

N: Femoral Nerve

69
Q

Psoas Minor OIAN

A

O: Bodies of lumbars

I: Iliopubic eminence of pubis

A: flex pelvic bone (upward movment)

N: L1 (sometimes L2)

70
Q

Describe weakness of the Psoas major

A

difficulty stair climbing, walking up incline, getting up from reclining position and bringing trunk forward in sitting position before rising from chair.

71
Q

Describe a Psoas Abscess

A

Distal fascia covering of Psoas major is loose, if infection gets in there it may produce an abcess which can “travel” down the muscle and end up as a painful “bag” of pus in the proximal anterior thigh

72
Q

What are the 5 anterior thigh muscles?

A 
Sartorius 
Rectus Femoris
Vastus Lateralis
Vastus Medialis
Vastus Intermedius
73
Q

What is the innervation for all of the anterior thigh muscles?

A

Femoral Nerve

74
Q

Sartorius OIAN

A

O: anterior superior iliac spine

I: superior medial shaft of tibia

A: abducts & laterally rotates femur, medially rotates leg, assists flexion of hip and knee when both carried out

N: Femoral

75
Q

What are the Quadriceps Femoris muscles and what are their common insertion?

A

Rectus Femoris, three Vastuses

base of patella. Portion of tendon which runs from apex of patella to the tibia is the patellar ligament

76
Q

Rectus Femoris OIAN

A

O: anterior inferior iliac spine

I: base of patella

A: extends leg @ knee, flexion @ hip, tonus of muscles play role in knee strength

N: Femoral

77
Q

Vastus Lateralis OIAN

A

O: Greater trochanter and Linea aspera of Femur

I: Base of patella

A: Extend leg @ knee, tonus play role in knee strength

N: Femoral

78
Q

Vastus Medialis OAIN

A

O: linea aspera of femur

I: Base of patella

A: extends leg @ knee, tonus of muscles play role in knee strengthening

N: Femoral nerve

79
Q

Vastus Intermedius OAIN

A

O: anterior-lateral aspect and linea aspera of femur

I: base of patella

A: extends leg @ knee, tonus of muscles play role in knee strengthening

N: Femoral

80
Q

Occasionally a distinct bundle of fibers separate from deepest layers of vastus intermedius and become what new muscle attached to the synovial membrane of the knee joint? What are its actions?

A

Articularis Genu

Retracts synovial membrane of knee joint and helps stabalize knee

81
Q

Describe paralysis of the quadriceps

A

difficulty extending leg against resistance and usually press on distal femur during walking to prevent flexion

knee may “give out” when getting out of bed

potential abnormal patellar movments

82
Q

Quadriceps paralysis test procedure

A

lying or sitting patient extends knee against resistance. quads should be easily palpated here.

83
Q

Describe a Charley Horse

A

cramp or spasm of Quadriceps

also used to indicate trauma to the muscles leading to hematoma or bruising

84
Q

Describe Jumper’s Knee (Patellar Tendonitis)

A

overuse injury of common insertion tendon of quadriceps and/or patellar ligament. Continuous jumping sports.

Complain of soreness in area of area and hurts with activity

85
Q

What does the patellar reflex test for? (segmental intervation)

A

L2, L3, and L4

86
Q

What are the 5 muscles of the medial thigh

A 
Gracilis
Pectineus
Adductor Longus
Adductor Brevis
Adductor Magnus
87
Q

Gracilis OIAN

A

O: Ramus of Ischium and inferior ramus of pubus

I: superior medial shaft of tibia

A: flexes the leg and adducts the femur

N: Obturator nerve (L2,L3, L4)

88
Q

Which is the only muscle of the medial thigh that crosses both the hip and knee joint?

A

Gracilis

89
Q

Is gracilis a really necessary muscle?

A

it can be removed without noticable loss of action. Often used for muscle grafts

90
Q

Pectineus OIAN

A

O: superior ramus (pubis pectin) of pubis

I: Pectineal line of femur

A: adducts femur, flexes femur at hip joint

N: Femoral and Obturator (L2,L3,L4 both)

91
Q

Adductor Longus OIAN

A

O: superior ramus of pubis

I: linea aspera of femur

A: adducts femur

N: Obturator nerve

92
Q

Adductor Brevis OIAN

A

O: inferior ramus of pubis

I: pectineal line of femur and line aspera of femur

A: adducts the femur

N: obturator nerve

93
Q

Adductor Magnus OIAN

A

O: rami of ischium and pubis

I: linea aspera and adductor tubercle of femur

A: adducts femur and extends femur at hip

N: Obturator (L2,L3,L4) and Sciatic (L4-S3)

94
Q

what is the name for the slit like opening of the tendon of insertion for the adductor magnus? what goes through there?

A

Hiatus tendinous (adductor hiatus)

femoral vessels become popliteal vessels

95
Q

Describe a pulled groin

A

stretching of the origin of an adductor muscle beyond tensile strength.

micro, partial, or complete tears.

pain and tender, stiff, weakness, maybe bruise

Strain if iliopsoas also counts

96
Q

What are the 10 muscles of the posterior hip?

A 
Tensor Fascia Lata
Gluteus Maximus, Medius, and Minimus
Piriformis
Superior and Inferior Gemellus
Obturator Internus and Externus
Quadratus Femoris
97
Q

Tensor Fascia Lata OIAN

A

O: Crest of ilium

I: iliotibial tract

A: flex, abduct, and medially rotates femur. helps stabilize knee joint.

N: Superior Gluteal (L4,L5,S1)

98
Q

Gluteus Maximus OIAN

A

O: Posterior gluteal line of ileum, sacrum&coccyx, posterior ligaments of SI joint

I: Gluteal tuberosity of femur, iliotibial tract

A: extend & laterally rotate femur, helps stabilize pelvic bone, stabilize knee joint

N: inferior gluteal (L5,S1,S2)

99
Q

What are the names of the two gluteal bursae?

A

Trochanteric burase separates superior glut max from greater trochanter

Ischial bursae separates inferior glut max from ischial tuberosity

100
Q

Describe weakness of gluteus maximus

A

difficulty sitting to standing, straightening from bent over, walking uphill, atrophy doesnt affect seriously when walking on level ground

101
Q

Gluteus Medius OIAN

A

O: external surface of ileum

I: greater trochanter of femur

A: Abducts and medially rotates femur, helps steady pelvic bone when opposite foot raised

N: Superior Gluteal n. (L4,L5,S1)

102
Q

Gluteus Minimus OIAN

A

O: External surface of ilium

I: greater trochanter of femur

A: Abducts and medially rotates femur, helps steady pelvic bone when opposite foot raised

N: Superior Gluteal (L4,L5,S1)

103
Q

What is the Trendelenburg Test?

A

When glute med and min are weak then pelvis will drop on the unaffected side when the foot is raised off the ground.

the pelvis and buttock fold will fall on side that the foot is raised indicates a positive test

104
Q

What is gluteal gait or trendleburg gate?

A

Trendelenburg test in motion

105
Q

What happens to the spine if the gluteus medius and miniimus becomes weak?

A

postural deviations and potential “C” curve

weakness of right glute med and min will give rise to a left C curve of vertebral colum with opening of C toward the side where muscle is weak

106
Q

Piriformis OIAN

A

O: anterior surface of sacrum

I: greater trochanter of femur

A: laterally rotate femur

N: S1 and S2

107
Q

Describe Piriformis Muscle Syndrome

A

compression of sciatic nerve by piriformis muscle

deep pain in buttocks

common in sports requiring lateral rotation of femur

no test, diagnosed based on symptoms

108
Q

Superior Gemellus OIAN

A

O: spine of ischium

I Greater Trochanter of the femur

A: laterally rotates femur

N: L4,L5,S1,S2

109
Q

Obturator Internus OIAN

A

O: internal surface of the obturator membrane

I: greater trochanter of femur

A: laterally rotates femur

N: L4,L5,S1,S2

110
Q

Inferior Gemellus OIAN

A

O: ischial tuberosity

I: greater trochanter of femur

A: laterally rotates femur

N: L4,L5,S1,S2

111
Q

Obturator Externus OIAN

A

O: external surface of obturator membrane

I: trochanteric fossa of femur

A: laterally rotates femur

N: Obturator (L2,L3,L4)

112
Q

Quadratus Femoris OIAN

A

O: tuberosity of ischium

I: quadrate tubercle of femur

A: laterally rotates femur

N: L4,L5,S1,S2

113
Q

Which are stronger lateral rotator muscles of the femur or medial ones?

A

Lateral, thats why feet point out slightly when standing

114
Q

Posterior Thigh Muscles name the three of them

A

Semitendinosus

Semimembranosus

Biceps Femoris

115
Q

Semitendinosus OIAN

A

O: Ischial tuberosity

I: medial condyle and proximal posterior shaft of tibia

A: Flex leg @ knee, stabilize hip, extend femur, medially rotate leg

N: Sciatic Nerve

116
Q

What is the name given to describe the tenons of insertion for the semitendonosis, gracilis, and sartorial? there is a bursa which separates the tendons from skin

A

Pes Anserinus

117
Q

Semimembranosus OIAN

A

O: ischial tuberosity

I: medial condyle of tibia

A: Flex leg @ knee, stabilize hip, extend femur, medially rotate leg

N: Sciatic nerve

118
Q

Biceps Femoris OIAN

A

O: long head - ischial tuberosity
Short head - Linea aspera

I: Head of fibula and lateral condyle of tibia

A: Flex leg @ knee, stabilize hip, extend femur, laterally rotate leg (Long)….Short does first and last

N: Sciatic Nerve

119
Q

Describe a pulled hamstring

A

twice as common as quadriceps strain

athletes who run very hard with quick starts

Grade 1, 2, and 3

can lead to painful hematomas

sometimes is chronic for people

contributing factors are running style, overdeveloped quads, biomechanical factors, and not warming up or stretching

120
Q

Describe an avulsion of the ischial tuberosity

A

may result from forcible flexion of the hip when knee is extended

121
Q

LEARN LUMBAR PLEXUS

A

OKAY

122
Q

Which nerves ventral nerve rami form the Lumbar Plexus?

Which nerve may contributes to plexus?

A

L1-L4

T12

123
Q

What is the term given to the nerve axons of L4 and L5 that allow communication between lumbar plexus and sacral plexus?

Which level is common to both lumbar and sacral plexus?

A

Lumbosacral Trunk

L4

124
Q

What are the 6 major nerves of the lumbar plexus from top to bottom?

A

Iliohypogastric Nerve

Illiolinguinal Nerve

Genitofemoral Nerve

Lateral Femoral Cutaneous Nerve

Femoral Nerve

Obturator Nerve

(lumbosacral Trunk)

125
Q

Iliohypogastric nerve segmental innervation

division

motor supply

cutaneous supply

location?

A

L1 (sometimes T12)

Anterior

internal oblique and transverse abdominis

proximal lateral aspect of buttock

lateral to psoas major

126
Q

Ilioinguinal segmental innervation

division

motor supply

cutaneous supply

A

L1

anterior

none

proximal medial aspect of thigh

127
Q

Lateral Femoral cutaneous nerve of the thigh segmental innervation

division

motor supply

cutaneous supply

location

A

L2 and L3

posterior

none

lateral aspect of the anterior and posterior thigh

enters thigh by passing beneath inguinal ligaments, medial to ASIS

128
Q

What is the name for a compression neuropathy of the lateral femoral cutaneous nerve as it leaves the pelvic cavity beneath the inguinal ligament?

A

Meralgia Paresthesia (Lateral Femoral Cutaneous Nerve Entrapment)

129
Q

What are the symptoms of Meralgia Paresthesia

causes

often confused with?

A

pain burning and tingling along lateral thigh

obesity and tight fitting clothing or flexed femur for long time.

hip disorders, like trochanteric bursitis

130
Q

Genitofemoral segmental innervation

division

motor supply

cutaneous supply

location

A

L1 L2

anterior

cremaster muscle

skin of genitalia and small area of skin below inguinal ligament

pierces psoas major and runs down on anterior side, breaks off into femoral and genital branches

131
Q

Femoral nerve segmental innervation

division

motor supply

cutaneous supply

articular supply

A

L2 L3 and L4

posterior

iliacus, psoas major, sartorius, quadriceps, pectineus

medial and intermediate aspect of anterior thigh, medial aspect of leg and foot (saphenous branch)

Hip and knee

132
Q

Describe damage to the Femoral nerve motor and sensory.

A

May be injured by trauma, but complete damage rare

Motor - weak quads, lex no extend. Flexion at hips is diminished (iliopsoas)

Sensory - medial and intermediate anterior thigh, medial aspect of leg and foot

133
Q

Where does compression of the saphenous nerve occur in athletes often?

causes what pain?

A

adductor canal or where it exits the fascia to supply medial leg.

Knee

134
Q

Obturator nerve Segmental innervation

division

motor supply

cutaneous supply

articular supply

A

L2, L3 and L4

anterior

pectineus, adductor magnus, adductor longus & brevis, gracilis, obturator externus

distal medial aspect of thigh

hip and knee

passes through obturator foramen membrane hole

135
Q

Accessory Obturator Nerve found in 20% population

segmental

motor

articular

A

L3 and L4

Pectineus

Hip joint

136
Q

What is a common way to damage obturator nerve? how do you test?

A

Child birth, anterior dislocation of hip joint

test adduction of femur agains resistance

137
Q

Sacral Plexus major 6 nerves from top to bottom

A

(lumbosacral trunk)

Superior Gluteal Nerve

Inferior Gluteal Nerve

Posterior Femoral Cutaneous Nerve

      Common Fibular Nerve Sciatic Nerve
      Tibial Nerve

Pudendal Nerve

138
Q

Posterior Femoral Cutaneous Nerve seg inn

division

cutaneous supply

A

S1, S2, S3

anterior AND posterior

lower part of buttocks, posterior thigh and popliteal

139
Q

Superior Gluteal Nerve seg. inn.

division

motor supply

location

A

L4, L5, S1

posterior

gluteus medius, minimus, and tensor fascia lata

passes through greater sciatic notch superior to piriformis

140
Q

Inferior Gluteal Nerve seg. inn.

division

motor supply

location

A

L5, S1, and S2

posterior

gluteus maximus

leaves the pelvis through greater sciatic notch, inferior to piriformis

141
Q

Pudendal nerve seg inn.

division

location

A

S2, S3 S4

anterior

leaves pelvic cavity via greater sciatic notch

main nerve of perineum and chief sensory nerve for external genitalia

142
Q

WHat is the largest nerve in the body that leaves pelvic cavity through greater sciatic notch deep to piriformis? its segmental innervaiton? What does it divide into?

A

Sciatic Nerve (L4-S3)

Tibial Nerve

Common Fibular

143
Q

Describe Tibial Nerve

Common Fibular Nerve

A

Anterior division, supplys muscles and skin of posterior leg and plantar foot

posterior division, wraps around fibula head and has two branches that supply muscles and skin of anterior and lateral leg and dorsal foot

Deep fibular and Superficial fibular
144
Q

Tibial and Common Fibular nerve seg inn.

divisions

motor supply

A

L4, L5, S1, S2, S3

anterior AND posterior

adductor magnus, semitendinosus, semimembranosus, biceps femoris

145
Q

How is the Sciatic nerve usually injured?

A

Fracture of pelvis

Posterior dislocation of hip joint

Penetrating wounds (poor placed butt injections)

146
Q

What are some clinical features when Sciatic nerve is damaged? Sensory and Motor

A

Motor - hamstring muscles atrophied but still weak flexion of leg possible due to sartorius and gracilis

foot drop due to gravity , falls in plantar flexion

Sensory - loss of sensation below the knee except for an area along the medial side of leg and foot

147
Q

Describe Sciatica

A

patient complains of pain along sensory distrubition of sciatic nerve. butt posterior thigh and leg

148
Q

Causes of Sciatica

A

compression, inflammation or subluxation of L4-S3
(prolapse of an intervertebral disc/hernaition

compression neuropathy of sciatic nerve in gluteal region (piriforimus sindrum or wallet problem)

intrapelvic tumor

149
Q

Dermatome L1 and L2 locations

A

Proximal anterior thigh

middle anterior thigh

150
Q

Dermatome L3 and L4 locations

A

distal anterior thigh, posterior medial leg

distal lateral thigh, medial leg and foot, digit 1

151
Q

Dermatome L5 location

A

lateral leg, digits two, three, and four

152
Q

Dermatome S1 and S2 locations

A

posterior lateral thigh and leg, lateral foot, digit 5

medial posterior thigh and leg

153
Q

S 3 dermatome location

A

perineum

154
Q

What are the four important superficial (cutaneous) veins?

A

Great Saphenous Vein

Lesser Saphenous Vein

Anterior and Posterior Tibial (perforating veins)

155
Q

Great Saphenous Vein Describe

A

arises from medial part of Dorsal Venous Arch

passes superior in front of medial mallelous

passes behind knee curves to medial thigh

pass through saphenous opening of fascia lata

recieves three tributaries and terminates as Femoral Vein

156
Q

Lesser Saphenous Vein Describe

A

arises from lateral dorsal venous arch

ascends behind the lateral mallelous

runs up posterior leg

terminates in popliteal vein

157
Q

What is varicose veins and what causes it

A

incompetent veins so they dilate not constrict which causes pooling

congenitally defective valves

pregnancy

overweight

inflammation of vein sometimes with clot

Gross Anatomy (4 decks)

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