Gross Lab Practical Flashcards
Pectoralis Major Origin
- Clavicle
- Sternum and upper ribs
- Tendon of the External Oblique muscle
Pectoralis Major Insertion
- Greater Tubercle
2. Inter-Tubercular Groove/Humerus
Pectoralis Major Actions
- ADduction and Medial Rotation of Humerus
- Forced Inspiration by elevating the rib cage when the humerus is fixed
- Clavicular Portion: Flexes Humerus at shoulder joint
- Sternocostal Portion: Extends Humerus at shoulder joint
Pectoralis Major Nerve Supply
Medial Pectoral Nerve
Lateral Pectoral Nerve
Pectoralis Minor Origin
Ribs 3-5
Pectoralis Minor Insertion
Coracoid Process
Scapula
Pectoralis Minor Actions
- Involved with protaction/ABduction of the scapula
2. Elevates ribcage and thus involved with forced inspiration
Pectoralis Minor Nerve Supply
Medial Pectoral Nerve
Subclavius Origin
First Rib
Subclavius Insertion
Subclavian Groove/ Clavicle
Subclavius Action
- Moves clavicle medially
2. Acts as a protective cushion between clavicle and subclavian vessels
Subclavius Nerve Supply
Nerve to the Subclavius
Trapezius Origin
- Superior nuchal line/occiput
- External occipital protuberance
- Ligamentum Nuchae
- Spines of C7-T12
Trapezius Insertions
- Clavicle
2. Acromion Process and Spine of Scapula
Trapezius Actions
- Stabilizes the scapula (holds it in normal anatomical position)
- Upper portion: elevates scapula
- Middle and Lower portions: ADducts scapula; depresses scapula
Trapezius Nerve Supply
Motor: Spinal Accesory nerve (CN XI)
Sensory: C3, C4
Rhomboid Major Origin
Spine/Upper Thoracics
Rhomboid Major Insertion
Vertebral Border/ Scapula
Rhomboid Major Actions
- Elevate and ADducts scapula
2. Helps stabilize scapula
Rhomboid Major Nerve Supply
Dorsal Scapular nerve
Rhomboid Minor Origin
C7 and T1 vertebrae
Rhomboid Minor Insertions
Vertebral border of the Scapula
Rhomboid Minor Actions
- Elevates and ADducts scapula
2. Helps stabilize the scapula
Rhomboid Minor Nerve Supply
Dorsal Scapular Nerve
Levator Scapula Origin
Transverse processes of upper cervical vertebrae
Levator Scapula Insertions
Upper medial border and superior angle of the Scapula
Levator Scapula Actions
- Elevates scapula
- ADducts scapula
- Stabilizes scapula
Levator Scapula Nerve Supply
Dorsal Scapular Nerve
Latissimus Dorsi Origin
- Spines of Lower Thoracic and Lumar Vertebrae
- Thoracodorsal Fascia
- Crest of the Ilium
- Lower Ribs
Latissimus Dorsi Insertion
Intertubercular Groove (Lesser Tubercle)
Latissimus Dorsi Actions
- Extends, adduct and medially rotates the humerus
2. Involved in forced expiration
Latissimus Dorsi Nerve Supply
Thoracodorsal nerve
Serratus Anterior Origin
Upper 8 or 9 ribs
Serratus Anterior Insertion
Vertebral border of the scapula
Serratus Anterior Actions
- ABduction and Protraction of scapula
- Stabilizes the scapula
- Involved with forced respiration (only when humerus is aBducted)
Serratus Anterior Nerve Supply
Long Thoracic Nerve
Deltoid Origin
- Anterior/clavicular portion from clavicle
- Middle/acromial portion from the acromion process of scapula
- Posterior/Spinous portion
Deltoid Insertion
- Deltoid
2. Tuberosity of Humerus
Deltoid Actions
- Anterior portion: Flexes and Medially rotates arm
- Middle portion: ABducts arm
- Posterior portion: Extends and Laterally rotates arm
Deltoid Innervation
Axillary nerve
Supraspinatus Origin
Supraspinous fossa of scapula
Supraspinatus Insertion
Geater tuberosity of the humerus
Supraspinatus Actions
- Initiates ABduction of the arm
- Helps laterally rotate humerus
- Helps stabilize shoulder joint
Supraspinatus Innervation
Suprascapular nerve
Infraspinatus Origin
Infraspinous fossa of the scapula
Infraspinatus Insertion
Greater Tuberosity of the Humerus
Infraspinatus Actions
- Laterally rotates humerus
2. Stabilizes shoulder joint
Infraspinatus Innervation
Suprascapular nerve
Subscapularis Origin
Subscapular fossa of the Scapula
Subscapularis Insertion
Lesser Tuberosity of the Humerus
Subscapularis Actions
- Medially rotates humerus
2. Stabilizes shoulder joint
Subscapularis Innervation
Upper and Lower Subscapular nerve
Teres Major Origin
Inferior angle of the Scapula
Teres Major Insertion
Interbercular groove (lesser tuberosity)
Teres Major Actions
- ADducts humerus
- Stabilizes shoulder joint
- Medially rotates Humerus
Teres Major Innervation
Lower Subscapular Nerve
Teres Minor Origin
Axillary border of the scapula
Teres Minor Insertion
Greater Tuberosity of the Humerus
Teres Minor Actions
- Laterally rotates humerus
2. Stabilizes shoulder joint
Teres Minor Innervation
Axillary nerve
Biceps Brachii Origin
Short head: Coracoid Process of the Scapula
Long Head: Supraglenoid tubercle of the scapula
Biceps Brachii Insertion
- Tuberosity of the Radius
2. Shaft of the Ulna
Biceps Brachii Actions
- Flexion of forearm
2. Supinates the Radius (Prime Mover)
Biceps Brachii Innervation
Musculocutaneous Nerve
Coracobrachialis Origin
Coracoid porcess of the Scapula
Coracobrachialis Insertion
Shaft of the Humerus
Coracobrachialis Actions
- Flex and weak ADduction of arm (shoulder joint)
2. Stabilizes shoulder joint
Coracobrachialis Innervation
Musculocutaneous Nerve
Brachialis Origin
Shaft of the humerus
Brachialis Insertion
Ulnar tuberosity and Coronoid process of the Ulna
Brachialis Actions
Flexes forearm (equal prime mover)
Brachialis Innervation
Musculocutaneous Nerve
Triceps Brachii Origin
Long Head: Infraglenoid tubercle of the Scapula
Lateral Head: Shaft of the Humerus
Medial Head: Shaft of the Humerus
Triceps Brachii Insertion
Olecranon Process of the Ulna
Triceps Brachii Actions
Extension of the forearm
Triceps Brachii Innervation
Radial Nerve
Pronator Teres Origin
- Medial Epicondyle of the Humerus
2. Coronoid Process of the Ulna
Pronator Teres Insertion
Pronator Ridge of the Radius
Pronator Teres Actions
- Pronates forearm at superior radioulnar joint
2. Assists flexion at elbow joint
Pronator Teres Innervation
Median Nerve
Flexor Carpi Radialis Origin
Medial Epicondyle of the Humerus
Flexor Carpi Radialis Insertion
2nd metacarpal with small slip to 3rd metacarpal
Flexor Carpi Radialis Actions
- Equal prime mover for flexion of hand @ wrist joint
2. Assists in aBduction of the hand
Flexor Carpi Radialis Innervation
Median Nerve
Palmaris Longus Origin
Medial Epicondyle of the Humerus
Palmaris Longus Insertion
Palmar Aponeurosis
Palmaris Longus Actions
- Helps Flex hand
2. Tightens palmer aponeurosis of palm/helps with palmar grip
Palmaris Longus Innervation
Median nerve
Flexor Carpi Ulnaris Origin
- Medial Epicondyle of the Humerus
2. Olceranon Process of Ulna
Flexor Carpi Ulnaris Insertion
Pisiform, hamate and 5th metacarpal
Flexor Carpi Ulnaris Actions
- Equal Prime mover for flexion of hand (@wrist joint)
2. aDducts hands
Flexor Carpi Ulnaris innervation
Ulnar Nerve
Flexor Digitorum Superficialis Origin
Shaft of the Radius
Medial Epicondyle of the Humerus
Flexor Digitorum Superficialis Insertion
Middle Phalanges/ digits 2-5
Flexor Digitorum Superficialis Actions
- Flexes PI joints of digits 2-5
2. Helps flex hand
Flexor Digitorum Superficialis Innervations
Median Nerve
Flexor Digitorum Profundus Origin
Interosseous membrane
Shaft of the Ulna
Flexor Digitorum Profundus Insertion
Distal phalanges
Digits 2-5
Flexor Digitorum Actions
- Flexes the DIP joints of digits 2-5
2. Helps flex hand
Flexor Digitorum Profundus Innervation
Ulnar Nerve and Median Nerve
Flexor Pollicis Longus Origin
Interosseous membrane
Shaft of the Radius
Flexor Pollicis Longus Insertion
Distal Phalanx
Digit 1
Flexor Pollicis Longus Actions
Flexes the thumb (digit 1) @ IP joint
Flexor Pollicis Longus Innervation
Median Nerve
Pronator Quadratus Origin
Distal anterior
Shaft of the Ulna
Pronator Quadratus Insertions
Distal Anterior Shaft of the Radius
Pronator Quadratus Actions
- Pronation of forearm @ the inferior radial-ulnar joint
2. Helps stabilize the inferior-radial-ulnar joint
Pronator Quadratus Innervation
Median Nerve
Brachioradialis Origin
Lateral supracondylar ridge of the Humerus
Brachioradialis Insertion
Styloid Process of the Radius
Brachioradialis Actions
- Helps flex forearm
2. Pronates and supinates the forearm
Brachioradialis Innervation
Radial Nerve
Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus Origin
Lateral epicondyle of the Humerus
Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus Insertion
2nd Metacarpal
Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus Actions
- Extend the hand
2. ABducts the hand
Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus Innervation
Radial Nerve
Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis Origin
Lateral epicondyle of the humerus
Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis Insertion
3rd Metacarpal
Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis Actions
- Extend the hand
2. ABduct the hand
Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis Innervation
Radial Nerve
Extensor Digitorum (Maximus) Origin
Lateral Epicondyle of the Humerus
Extensor Digitorum (Maximus) Insertion
Middle Phalanx of digits 2-5
Extensor Digitorum (Maximus) Actions
- Extends digits 2-5
2. Extend the hand
Extensor Digitorum (Maximus) Innervation
Radial Nerve
Enxtensor Digiti Minimi Origin
Lateral Epicondyle of the Humerus
Extensor Digiti Minimi Insertion
Proximal Phalanx of digit 5
Extensor Digiti Minimi Actions
Extends digit 5 (little finger)
Extensor Digiti Minimi Innervation
Radial Nerve
Extensor Carpi Ulnaris Origin
Shaft of the Ulna
Lateral Epicondyle of the Humerus
Extensor Carpi Ulnaris Insertion
5th Metacarpal
Extensor Carpi Ulnaris Actions
- Extend the hand
2. Helps ADduct the hand
Extensor Carpi Ulnaris Innervation
Radial Nerve
Supinator Origin
- Lateral Epicondyle of the Humerus
2. Supinator crest of the Ulna
Supinator Insertion
Shaft of the Radius
Supinator Actions
Supinates forearm
Supinator Innervation
Radial Nerve
ABductor Pollicis Longus Origin
Interosseus Membrane
Shaft of the Ulna and Radius
ABductor Pollicis Longus Insertion
1st Metacarpal
ABductor Pollicis Longus Actions
- ABducts digit 1 @ CM joint
ABductor Pollicis Longus Innervation
Radial Nerve
Extensor Pollicis Brevis Origin
Interosseous membrane
Shaft of the Radius
Extensor Pollicis Brevis Insertion
Proximal phalanx of digit 1
Extensor Pollicis Brevis Actions
Extends digit at MP joint
Extensor Pollicis Brevis Innervation
Radial Nerve
Extensor Pollicis Longus Origin
Interosseous mebrane
Shaft of the Ulna
Extensor Pollicis Longus Insertion
Distal Phalanx of Digit 1
Extensor Pollicis Longus Actions
Extends digit 1 @ IP joint
Extensor Pollicis Longus Innervation
Radial Nerve
Extensor Indicis Origin
Interosseous membrane
Shaft of the Ulna
Extensor Indicis Insertion
Proximal phalanx of digit 2
Extensor Indicis Action
Extends digit 2
Extensor Indicis Innervation
Radial Nerve
Aconeus Origin
Lateral Epicondyle of the Humerus
Anconeus Insertion
Olecranon process of the Ulna
Posterior Proximal Shaft of the Ulna
Anconeus actions
Extends Forearm
Anconeus Innervation
Radial Nerve
ABductor Pollicis Brevis Origin
Trapezium and Scaphoid
ABductor Pollicis Brevis Insertion
Proximal phalanx of digit 1
ABductor Pollicis Brevis Actions
ABducts digit 1 @ MP joint
ABductor Pollicis Brevis Actions
Median Nerve
Opponens Pollicis Origin
Trapezium
Opponens Pollicis Insertion
1st Metacarpal
Opponens Pollicis Actions
Medially Rotates 1st metacarpal
Opponens Pollicis Innervation
Median Nerve
Flexor Pollicis Brevis Origin
Trapezium, Trapezoid and Capitate bones
Flexor Pollicis Brevis Insertion
Proximal phalanx of digit 1
Flexor Pollicis Brevis Action
Flexes digit 1 @ MP joint
Flexor Pollicis Longus Innervation
Ulnar nerve and Median Nerve
ADductor Pollicis Origin
- Trapezoid, Capitate, 2nd and 3rd Metacarpals (Oblique Head)
- 3rd Metacarpal (transverse head)
ADductor Pollicis Insertion
Proximal phalanx of digit 1
ADductor Pollicis Action
ADducts digit 1
ADductor Pollicis Innervation
Ulnar Nerve
ABductor Digiti Minimi Origin
Pisiform
ABductor Digiti Minimi Insertion
Proximal phalanx of digit 5
ABductor Digiti Minimi Action
ABducts digit 5
ABductor Digiti Minimi Innervation
Ulnar Nerve
Flexor Digiti Minimi Origin
Hamate
Flexor Digiti Minimi Insertion
Proximal phalanx of digit 5
Flexor Digiti Minimi Action
Flexes digit 5 @ MP joint
Flexor Digiti Minimi Innervation
Ulnar Nerve
Opponens Digiti Minimi Origin
Hamate
Opponens Digiti Minimi Insertion
5th metacarpal
Opponens Digiti Minimi Action
Laterally rotates 5th metacarpal
Opponens Digiti Minimi Innervation
Ulnar Nerve
Lumbricales Origin
Tendons of the Flexor Digitorum Profundus Muscle
Lumbricales Insertion
Tendons of the Extensor Digitorum Muscle
Lumbricales Actions
- Flexes MP joints
2. Extends IP joint
Lumbricales Innervation
1st and 2nd lumbricales-Median Nerve
3rd and 4th lumbricales- Ulnar Nerve
Dorsal Interossei Origin
2nd, 3rd, and 4th metcarpals
Dorsal Interossei Insertion
Proximal phalanx of digits 2,3,4
Dorsal Interossei Actions
- ABduct digits 2-4
- Flex MP joints
- Extend IP joints
Dorsal Interossei Innervation
Ulnar Nerve
Palmar Interossei Origin
2nd, 3rd, 4th and 5th metacarpals
Palmar Interossei Insertions
Proximal phalanx of digits 2, 4 and 5
Palmar Interossei Actions
- ADducts digits 2, 4 and 5
- Flex MP joints
- Extend IP joints
Palmar Interossei Innervation
Ulnar Nerve