gross- joints & anastomosis

Question 1

anastomosis around elbow joint imp - what arteries are involved

Answer 1

brachial artery branches: superior & inferior ulnar collateral artery

deep brachial artery branches (profunda brachii): radial and medial collateral artery

radial artery branch: radial recurrent artery

ulnar artery: anterior & posterior ulnar recurrent artery
- common interosseous artery (branch of ulnar): interosseous recurrent artery

for own knowledge:
arteries come from above (descending branches) → come from brachial & deep brachial (profunda brachii) arteries

arteries come from below (ascending arteries) → come from radial & ulnar arteries

Question 2

anastomoses around the wrist joint imp

Answer 2

done by the dorsal & palmar carpal arches

dorsal carpal arch→ on the back of wrist, formed by contributions from:
- radial artery (dorsal carpal branch)
- ulnar artery (dorsal carpal branch)
- posterior interosseous artery
- anterior interosseous artery (small contribution)

palmar carpal arch→ on the front of wrist, connects w/ arteries of deep palmar arch (supply deep structures of hand), formed by:
- radial artery (palmar carpal branch)
- ulnar artery (palmar carpal branch)
- anterior interosseous artery

Question 3

bones that make the wrist joint (radiocarpal joint)

Answer 3

• distal end of radius
• scaphoid, lunate, triquetral carpal bones
• articular disc (below ulna)

Question 7

shoulder joint aka glenohumeral joint (type of joint, articulation, glenoid labrum, capsule)

Answer 7

type: synovial ball-and-socket joint

articulation: head of humerus fits into the glenoid cavity of the scapula - widest range of motion in the body

glenoid labrum: ring of fibrocartilage that surrounds the glenoid cavity to deepen it bc its shallow - improves stability by holding humeral head in place

capsule: loose (allows movement), fibrous sac that surrounds the entire joint & helps in stability + movement
- medially attached to margin of glenoid cavity & laterally to neck of humerus
- has ligaments & muscles reenforcing it but is weak at the inferior end
- cause of dislocation
- inner layer lined by synovial membrane

Question 8

shoulder joint (glenohumeral joint) ligaments

Answer 8

glenohumeral ligaments: 3 bands of fibrous tissue that strengthen the front of the capsule (superior, middle, & inferior GHL)

coracohumeral ligament: connects coracoid process to greater tubercle of humerus
- strengthens capsule above

transverse humeral ligament: holds long head of biceps brachii tendon in place within bicipital groove of humerus
- prevents tendon from slipping out during movement
- also bridges gap b.w the 2 tubercles

accessory ligament: coracoacromial ligament: b/w coracoid process & acromion
- protects superior aspect of the joint

Question 9

nerve & blood supply of shoulder joint

Answer 9

nerves: axillary nerve and suprascapular nerves

blood supply: anterior & posterior circumflex humeral arteries (branches of axillary artery), suprascapular artery, subscapular artery

basically its the ones for the rotator cuffs

Question 10

relations of the shoulder joint (anterior, posterior, superior, inferior)

Answer 10

anteriorly: subscapularis muscle, axillary vessels, and brachial plexus

posteriorly: infraspinatus & teres minor muscles

superiorly: supraspinatus muscle, subacromial bursa, coracoacromial ligament, and deltoid muscle

inferiorly: long head of triceps muscle, axillary nerve, and posterior circumflex humeral vessels