Gross Digestive Flashcards by Joan Ravalo

Which is not part of the small intestine?

a. duodenum
b. jejunum
c. ileum
d. cecum

d. cecum

part siya ng large appendix! along with appendix, colon, rectum and anal canal

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Which is not part of the colon?

a. sigmoid
b. tranverse
c. ascending
d. descending
e. appendix

e. appendix

appendix: separate from the colon

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Which is not intraperitoneal?

a. pancreas
b. stomach
c. large intestine
d. jejunum

a. pancreas
together with the duodenum, they are retroperitoneal.
the rest of the GI tract: intraperitoneal

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lowest portion of peritoneal cavity in males

retrovesical pouch

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lowest portion of peritoneal cavity in females

cul-de-sac of Douglas

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ligament connecting liver to anterior abdominal wall

falciform ligament

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___– space between cheeks/lips and

teeth/gums

vestibule

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palatine tonsil + lingual tonsil +

posterior pharyngeal tonsil= ______

Waldeyer’s tonsilar ring

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hard palate: ___ portion of the roof of the mouth
soft palate: ___ portion of the roof of the mouth
(anterior, posterior)

hard palate: anterior portion of the roof of the mouth

soft palate: posterior portion of the roof of the mouth

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sole opening of the oropharynx

fauces

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The esophagus is retroperitoneal, true or false?

true. but it’s covered with peritoneum anteriorly and laterally

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There is an anatomical sphincter between the esophagus and the stomach. True or false?

False.The diaphragm musculature forming the esophageal hiatus functions as a physiological esophageal sphincter that contracts and
relaxes, preventing the reflux of gastric contents from
the stomach.

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dome shaped portion located at the left
upper quadrant of the abdomen, under the
4th rib area (protected by the chest wall)
a.cardia
b.fundus
c.body
d.pylorus

b.fundus

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controls discharge of the
stomach contents into the duodenum
a. cardiac sphincter
b. fundic sphincter
c. pyloric sphincter
d. sphincter of Oddi

c. pyloric sphincter

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When contracted, the gastric mucosa
(mucous layer of the stomach) is thrown into
longitudinal layers called gastric folds or ___

rugae

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Pyloric glands secrete ___

lysozyme

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circular muscle folds for increasing

the surface area for absorption; abundant at jejunum

plicae circulares

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union of common bile duct & pancreatic duct,
pierces the duodenal wall and drains into the
duodenum

ampulla of Vater/hepatopancreatic ampulla

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blood vessel that crosses anterior portion of the

duodenum; supplies jejunum, ileum, transverse colon

superior mesenteric artery

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abundant Peyer’s patches (lymphoid tissue) found at this region of the small intestine

a. duodenum
b. jejunum
c. ileum
d. all of them

c. ileum

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Pick the false statement

a. The jejunum is more vascularized than the ileum.
b. The jejunum has shorter vasa recta than the ileum.
c. The ileum has more fat in the mesentery than the jejunum.
d. There are translucent windows present in the jejunum and there are none in the ileum.

b. The jejunum has shorter vasa recta than the ileum.

longer dapat

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three thickened longitudinal muscle
bands; not present in appendix or rectum
a. plicae circulares
b. haustrae
c. teniae coli
d. appendices epiplocae

c. teniae coli

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sacculations of the colon that accomodates discrepancies in length

a. plicae circulares
b. haustrae
c. teniae coli
d. appendices epiplocae

b. haustrae

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small pouches of the peritoneum filled with fat and
situated along the colon and upper part of the
rectum.
a. plicae circulares
b. haustrae
c. teniae coli
d. appendices epiplocae

d. appendices epilocae

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false about cecum a. almost entirely enveloped with peritoneum b. Blind and dilated intestinal pouch/sac positioned slightly below the ileocecal valve. - c. smallest diameter in the large intestine d. none of the above

c. smallest diameter in the large intestine largest dapat

false about appendix a. when secretions from the appendix cannot escape, it swells b. when lymphatics in it swell, the blood supply is cut off c. When blood supply is cut off, pressure decreases so that blood can flow in d. none of the above

c. When blood supply is cut off, pressure decreases so that blood can flow in corrected version:pressure increases until it ruptures...

false about colon A. both ascending and descending colon are retroperitoneal B. Transverse colon is largest and most mobile part C. Once it reaches the liver, it makes a right turn to commence as descending colon D. Descending colon becomes sigmoid colon once it reaches the iliac fossa

C. Once it reaches the liver, it makes a right turn to commence as descending colon spleen, not liver

false about the rectum a. no sacculation b. no appendices epiplocae c. no mesentery d. no blood supply

d. no blood supply

dilated section of the rectum where feces are stored until they are eliminated via anal canal

rectal ampulla

muscular diaphragm that separates | the abdominal pelvis from the perineum (area of anal canal); composed of levator ani muscles

pelvic diaphragm

epithelium of anal canal

stratified columnar epithelium | *with mucus glands*

important muscles that contributes to continence are collectively known as ___

puborectalis

swollen muscular cushions; mass of varicose veins in the anal area caused, in part, by difficulty in defecating

hemorrhoids

Spleen : intimately covered with peritoneum EXCEPT at the ____

hilum (blood vessel entry and exit of spleen)

The spleen has impressions c/o other organs. Which pair is falsely matched? a. anterior – stomach b. posterior – esophagus c. inferior – left colic flexure d. medial – left kidney

b. posterior – esophagus dapat diaphragm :)

ligament that is remnant of umbilical vein

ligamentum teres

ligament that is remnant of ductus venosus that shunted blood from the umbilical vein to the inferior vena cava

ligamentum venosum

in the gall bladder, it keeps the cystic duct open so that bile easily passes through the gall bladder when the distal end of the bile duct

spiral valve

Which is larger, the duct of Wirsung or the duct of Santorini?

duct of Wirsung/main pancreatic duct! | duct of Santorini is the accessory pancreatic duct

The vein that.... Mainly drains esophagus Provides alternate pathway to the heart when one vena cava is blocked

azygos vein

False about venous drainage a. right and left gastric veins drain lesser curvature b. left gastric vein also drains greater curvature c. superior mesenteric vein drains small intestine d. splenic vein also drains stomach and pancreas

b. left gastric vein also drains greater curvature short gastric veins ang in-charge dito

false about hepatic portal system a. superior mesenteric + splenic = portal vein b. contains oxygenated blood c. detours along capillary beds d. none of the above

b. contains oxygenated blood it contains deoxygenated blood that is nutrient-rich :)

The hepatic portal system communicates with the systemic venous system through the ff except: a) Between the esophageal veins b) Between anal veins c) Paraumbilical veins of the anterior abdominal wall with superficial gastric veins d) Twigs of colic veins with retroperitoneal veins

b)Between anal veins rectal veins dapat

All lymph of GIT drains into the ________ and ____________ then finally drains into the left subclavian vein.

cisterna chyli | thoracic duct

Which is correctly assigned? a. Celiac lymph nodes: stomach, pancreas, spleen, and liver b. Superior mesenteric lymph nodes: duodenum, jejunum, ileum, ascending colon, transverse colon c. Inferior mesenteric lymph nodes: descending colon, sigmoid colon, rectum

c. Inferior mesenteric lymph nodes: descending colon, sigmoid colon, rectum celiac lymph nodes drain the duodenum

intrinsic nerve supply of GI tract

Enteric Nervous system

Parasympathetic innervation of GI tract | c/o vagus nerve and pelvic splanchnic nerve. Which takes care of the upper GI tract and which one is for the lower?

vagus nerve: upper GI tract | pelvic splanchnic nerve: lower GI tract

false about sympathetic stimulation of GI tract a. results in GI tract's increased motility b. results in splenic capsule contraction c. both of the above d. none of the above

a. results in GI tract's increased motility decreased dapat

Which does not supply the esophagus? A. left gastric artery B. left interior phrenic artery C. right gastric artery

C. right gastric artery

Which artery supplying the large intestine does not directly arise from the superior mesenteric artery? a. intestinal artery b. ileocolic artery c. middle and right colic arteries d. appendicular artery

d. appendicular artery | it directly arises from the ileocolic artery

Which does not supply the colon? a. intestinal artery b. sigmoid artery c. middle colic artery d. none of the above

a. intestinal artery | * it supplies the jejunum and the ileum

Which artery supplying the lower GI tract does not directly arise from the inferior mesenteric artery? a. left colic artery b. right colic artery c. sigmoid artery d. superior rectal artery

b. right colic artery | * it comes from your superior mesenteric artery

middle rectal artery arises from ___

internal iliac artery

inferior rectal artery arises from ___

internal pudendar artery

True or false: The pancreas and duodenum always don't have the same blood supply.

False. bec gastroduodenal artery :)

True or false: Four arteries supply the bile duct.

True:cystic artery,right hepatic artery,posterior superior pancreatiocoduodenal artery and gastroduodenal artery

upper duodenum drains in superior mesenteric vein, true or false?

false, portal vein dapat

pick the false statement a. Ascending colon may also be drained by sacral veins b. Superior mesenteric vein draws much more blood than inferior mesenteric vein c. pancreas drained mostly by splenic vein d. none of the above

a. Ascending colon may also be drained by sacral veins | * lumbar dapat

pick the false statement about gastric lymphatic drainage a. from the superior 2/3 of stomach -->gastric nodes b. from right 2/3 of the inferior third -->cardiac nodes c. from the left 1/3 of the greater curvature-->pancreaticoduodenal nodes d. none of the above

b. from right 2/3 of the inferior third -->cardiac nodes | * pyloric nodes dapat

false about lacteals a. specialized lymphatic vessels that absorb protein b. in the intestinal villi c. projections of the mucous membrane 0.15-1.5 mm in length d. empty their milk-like fluid into the lymphatic plexuses in the walls of the jejunum and ileum

a. specialized lymphatic vessels that absorb protein | * fat dapat

subperitoneal fibrous capsule of the liver, location of superficial lymphatic drainage

Glisson's capsule

The GI tract is *generally* supplied by which nerves of the spinal cord?

Thoracic nerves 5-12

True or false: The distal colon is supplied by thoracic nerves.

false, lumbar dapat