Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

NE Exam 2 > Gross Brain, Brainstem, & Spinal Cord > Flashcards

Gross Brain, Brainstem, & Spinal Cord Flashcards

1
Q

What are the components of the brain?

A

Cerebrum/forebrain, cerebellum, and brainstem

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is gray matter made up of?

A

Cell bodies and dendrites

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is white matter made up of?

A

Axons, can be myelinated or not

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the four prominent sulci?

A

Central, lateral, parietooccipital, cingulate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the corpus callosum?

A

Huge set of fiber tracts that connects the R and L sides of the brain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What does the frontal lobe control?

A

Execution, planning, and anticipation of motor function

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What makes up the frontal lobe?

A

Precentral gyrus, and superior, middle, & inferior frontal gyri

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Where is the primary motor cortex located?

A

Precentral gyrus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are the premotor and supplementary motor areas for?

A

Planning and initiating voluntary movements

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Where is Broca’s area located?

A

Opercular & triangular parts of inferior frontal gyrus (in one hemisphere)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is Broca’s area important for?

A

Motor aspects of written and spoken language

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the prefrontal cortex?

A

Involved with executive functions (personality, decision making, insight, foresight)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What does the parietal lobe control?

A

Sensory function

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What makes up the parietal lobe?

A

Postcentral gyrus, and superior & inferior parietal lobules

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Where is the primary somatosensory cortex located?

A

Postcentral gyrus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What does the primary somatosensory cortex do?

A

Controls processing of sensory (touch & proprioception) and perception

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is the inferior parietal lobe involved in?

A

Language comprehending

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What does the parietal cortex do other than sensory function and language comprehension?

A

Spatial orientation & directing attention

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is the homonculus?

A

A map on the primary motor or somatosensory cortex, shows distribution/density of motor/sensory neurons devoted to a particular area of the body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What does the temporal lobe control?

A

Auditory processing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What makes up the temporal lobe?

A

Superior, middle, inferior temporal gyri

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Where is the primary auditory cortex located?

A

The superior surface of the temporal lobe

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What is Wernicke’s area?

A

Important in language comprehension

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Where is Wernicke’s area located?

A

Superior temporal gyrus, also includes portions of supramargincal & angular gyri

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What is the inferior surface of the temporal lobe involved in?

A

Higher-order processing of visual information. Learning & memory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What is the limbic system?

A

A group of cortical areas involved in cognitive function (such as emotional responses, drive-related behavior, & memory)

27
Q

What makes up the limbic structures?

A

Uncus, parahippocampal gyrus, amygdala, hippocampus

28
Q

What is the insula?

A

Area of cerebral cortex involved in taste function?

29
Q

Where is the insula?

A

Deep in the lateral sulcus between the frontal, parietal, and temporal lobes

30
Q

What makes up the occipital lobe?

A

Cuneus and lingual gyrus

31
Q

What does the occipical lobe do?

A

Vision

32
Q

Where is the primary visual cortex located?

A

In the cuneus and lingual gyrus

33
Q

What does the remainder of the occipital lobe do?

A

Visual association cortex

34
Q

What makes up the diencephalon?

A

Thalamus, hypothalamus, epithalamus, subthalamus

35
Q

What does the diencephalon do?

A

Regulates autonomic functions and controls the pituitary gland

36
Q

What is the thalamus for?

A

Sensory except olfaction

37
Q

What is the pineal gland associated with?

A

The epithalamus

38
Q

What is the hypothalamus for?

A

Homeostasis

39
Q

Where are the basal nuclei located?

A

Group of nuclei that lie deep to the surrounding brain cortex, divided into caudate & lenticular nucleus (putamen & globus pallidus)

40
Q

What are the basal nuclei involved in?

A

Associated with movement control and moderation of movement

41
Q

What is the internal capsule?

A

Thick sheet of fibers that separates lenticular nuclei from the thalamus and caudate
White matter tract divided into 5 limbs that each contain specific fiber groups. Has its own vasculature and is therefore prone to vascular insult

42
Q

What is central white matter?

A

Long tracts that connect parts of the brain so they can talk to each other

43
Q

What are arcuate fibers?

A

Link individual gyri to each other that are close

44
Q

What are longitudinal/association fasciculi?

A

Connects cortical areas within the same hemisphere (ex: frontal to occipital)

45
Q

What are projection tracts?

A

Connects brain with areas outside the brain (ex: brain to skeletal muscle)

46
Q

What is the corpus callosum?

A

Large fiber tract that connects R and L hemispheres, is a type of commissural tract

47
Q

What is the anterior commisure?

A

Connects temporal lobe to temporal lobe

48
Q

What are the 5 limbs of the internal capsule?

A

Anterior, genu, posterior, sublenticular, retrolenticular

49
Q

What does the cerebellum do?

A

Fine motor movements and balance/postural control

50
Q

What are the cerebellar peduncles?

A

Three white matter tracts that relay information from the cerebellum to the cortex or spinal cord (superior, middle, and inferior)

51
Q

What is the substantia gelatinosa?

A

A region of gray matter that caps the posterior horn

52
Q

What is Lissauer’s tract?

A

White matter located between the substantia gelatinosa and surface of the spinal cord (posterior horn)

53
Q

What is Clark’s nucleus?

A

Also known as the posterior thoracic nucleus, located T1-L2. Plays role in postural/sensory processing and sends feedback from the cerebellum to the spinal cord

54
Q

What does the anterior horn do?

A

Cell bodies of motor neurons that supply skeletal muscle control from the CNS

55
Q

What is the intermediate gray matter?

A

Derived from intermediolateral cell column (embro), spans T1-L3 to make up lateral horn

56
Q

What are the ascending tracts?

A

Posterior column, spinocerebellar tracts, anterolateral system (ALS)

57
Q

What does the posterior column do?

A

Conveys ipsilateral proprioceptive, tactile, & vibratory info from the body

58
Q

What does the spinocerebellar tract do?

A

Relays info to cerebellum, thalamus, & motor cortex to influence efficiency of motor activity

59
Q

What does the anterolateral system do?

A

Relays pain, temp, and touch from body

60
Q

What are the descending tracts?

A

Corticospinal tract, vestibulospinal tract, rubrospinal fibers

61
Q

What does the corticospinal tract do?

A

Controls voluntary, fine movements of muscles

62
Q

What does the vestibulospinal tract do?

A

Influences motor neurons innervating primarily axial and neck musculature

63
Q

What do the rubrospinal fibers do?

A

Excite flexor motor neurons and inhibit extensor motor neurons

NE Exam 2 (16 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions