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NE Exam 2 > Blood Supply, Hemorrhage, & Herniation > Flashcards

Blood Supply, Hemorrhage, & Herniation Flashcards

1
Q

What are the four parts of the ICA?

A

Cervical part, petrous part, cavernous part, cerebral part

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2
Q

What are the three parts of the vertebral a?

A

Cervical part, atlantic part, intracranial part

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3
Q

What is vertebrobasilar insufficiency?

A

decreased blood flow of vertebral a to the brain

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4
Q

What can cause vertebrobasilar insufficiency?

A

Extreme hyperextension of the head, extreme head rotation, subclavian steal syndrome

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5
Q

What forms the circle of willis?

A

ICA (x2), ACA (x2), anterior communicating a (x1), posterior communicating a (x2), PCA (x2)

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6
Q

Which artery is not part of circle of willis?

A

MCA

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7
Q

Which vessels can compress CN II?

A

ICA, ACA, and anterior communicating a

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8
Q

Which vessels can compress CN III?

A

Sandwiched between PCA and superior cerebellar a

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9
Q

Which vessels can compress CN V?

A

Superior cerebellar a (aberrant loops)

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10
Q

Which vessels can compress CN VI?

A

Labyrinthine a and AICA

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11
Q

Which vessels can compress CN VII?

A

AICA (aberrant loops)

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12
Q

Where does the ACA supply in the brain?

A

Medial and superior surfaces of frontal/parietal lobes

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13
Q

Where does the MCA supply in the brain?

A

Lateral surface of frontal/parietal and superior surface of temporal lobe

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14
Q

Where does the PCA supply in the brain?

A

Occipital lobe and inferior temporal lobe

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15
Q

What deficits can be seen in the border zone between ACA/MCA?

A

Motor, sensory, language, and behavioral deficits

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16
Q

What deficits can be seen in the border zone between MCA/PCA?

A

Vision and language problems

17
Q

What are the segments of the ACA?

A 
A1 - precommunicating
A2 - infracallosal
A3 - precallosal
A4 - supracallosal
A5 - postcallosal
18
Q

What are the segments of the MCA?

A

M1 - sphenoidal/horizontal
M2 - insular
M3 - opercular
M4 - cortical

19
Q

What are the segments of the PCA?

A

P1
P2
P3 - quadreminal segment
P4 - cortical segment

20
Q

Which arteries supply different parts of the medulla?

A

Anterior spinal a does the medial aspect
PICA does the lateral aspect
AICA does the cochlear nuclei (CN VIII)
Posterior spinal a does the dorsal aspect

21
Q

What arteries supply the pons?

A

Branches off the basilar a

22
Q

Which arteries supply different parts of the pons?

A

Paramedial branches supply medial aspect

Long circumferential branches supply lateral aspect

23
Q

What arteries supply the midbrain?

A

Mostly branches from posterior cerebral a

24
Q

Which arteries supply different parts of the midbrain?

A

Branches of P1 supplies anteromedial part of midbrain

Branches of P3 supplies lateral structures

25
Q

Which arteries supply different parts of the forebrain?

A

Branches of P2 supply LGN and MGN
Lenticulostriate arteries supply internal capsule
Anterior choroidal a supplies internal capsule

26
Q

Which arteries supply different parts of the spinal cord?

A

Posterior spinal arteries supply dorsal/posterior columns
Sulcal branch of anterior spinal a supplies dorsal and ventral horn
Anterior spinal a and posterior spinal a do the corticospinal tract

27
Q

What is usually the source of bleeding for intracerebral hemorrhages? (hemorrhagic strokes?)

A

MCA (usually causes midline shift due to all the bleeding)

28
Q

What compartment is above the tentorium cerebelli?

A

The supratentorial compartment, divided into R/L by falx cerebri

29
Q

What compartment is below the tentorium cerebelli?

A

The infratentorial compartment

30
Q

What is the tentorial notch?

A

Continuation of the supra and infratentorial compartments

31
Q

What is a subfalcine herniation?

A

Occurs in the supratentorial compartment when brain tissue is displaced under the falx cerebri.

32
Q

What can a subfalcine herniation compromise?

A

May compress ACA (frontal/parietal lobe), could compromise lower limbs

33
Q

What is a transtentorial herniation?

A

Brain displaced downward toward tentorial notch.

34
Q

What can a transtentorial herniation compromise?

A

Compromises upper brainstem and CN III. May compress basilar a and PCAs, associated with decorticate rigidity -> decerebrate rigidity

35
Q

What is an uncal herniation?

A

Uncus (and sometimes portions of parahippocampal gyrus) extrude over edge of tentorium cerebelli and through tentorial notch

36
Q

What can an uncal herniation compromise?

A

Can impinge on midbrain

37
Q

What is a tonsillar herniation?

A

Cerebellar tonsils through foramen magnum

38
Q

What can a tonsillar herniation compromise?

A

Compression of medulla and upper cervical spinal cord (cardiac and respiratory centers)

NE Exam 2 (16 decks)

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