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Gross anatomy stuff > gross anatomy muscle guide > Flashcards

gross anatomy muscle guide Flashcards

1
Q

Latissimus Dorsi

A

Origin-spinous processes of the t7-t12; thoracolumbar facia; iliac crest, inferior 3 or 4 ribs

Insertion-floor of intertubercular groove of humerous

Innervation-thoracodorsal nerve ( C6,C7,C8)

Action-extends,adducts, and medically rotates humerous
- posteriorly tilts scapula

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2
Q

Trapezius

A

Origin-medial third of superior nuchal line, external occipital protuberance, nuchal ligament, spinous processes of C7-T12 vertebrae

Insertion-lateral third of the clavicle, acromion, spine of scapula

Innervation - spinal accessory nerve (CN XI) (motor fibers) C3/C4 spinal nerves (pain and proprioceptive fibers)

Action-upper trapezius: elevates scapula

       - lower trapezius: depresses and adducts and posteriorly lilts the scapula 
        - middle trapezius: adducts scapula 
        - upper and lower trapezius: together, upwardly rotates scapula 
         - scApula fixed: upper trap ipsilat laterally flexes, contralat rotates head &neck, bilat extends head and neck.
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3
Q

Rhomboid Major

A

Origin - spinous process of T2-5

Insertion - medial border of scapula from level of spine to inferior angle

Innervation - dorsal scapular nerve (C4 & C5)

Action- adducts,elevates, and downwardly rotates scapula
- stabilizes scapula on thoracic wall

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4
Q

Rhomboid Minor

A

Origin- nuchal ligament , spinous processes ofC7 mad T1 vertebrae

Insertion-medial end of scapular spine

Innervation - dorsal scapular nerve (C4, C5)

Action- adducts elevates and downwardly rotates scapula
- stabilizes scapula on the thoracic wall

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5
Q

Levator Scapulae

A

Origin-posterior tubercles of transverse processes of C1-C4 vertebrae

Insertion-medial border of scapula, superior to root of the scapular spine

Innervation-dorsal scapular nerve (C5) cervical nerves (C3,C4)

Action-elevates and downwardly rotates scapula
- scapula fixed: ipsilat laterally rotates & flexes, bilat extends head and neck

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6
Q

Serratus Posterior Superior

A

Origin-nuchal ligament, spinous process of C7-T3 vertebrae

Insertion - superior borders of 2nd to 4th ribs

Innervation - ventral rami T2-T5 thoracic spinal nerves

Action-elevates ribs

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7
Q

Serratus Posterior Inferior

A

Origin- spinous processes of T11-L1 vertebrae

Insertion-inferior borders of 8th to 12th ribs near their angles

Innervation - ventral rami of T9-T12 thoracic spinal nerves

Action- depresses ribs

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8
Q

Splenius Capitis

A

Origin-nuchal ligament and spinous processes of C7-T3 or T4 vertebrae

Insertion - fibers run superiorlaterally to mastoid process (of temporal bone) and lateral third of superior nuchal line ( of occipital bone)

Innervation-dorsal rami of spinal nerves

Action- ipsilat laterally rotates and flexes head and neck
- bilat extends head and neck

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9
Q

Splenius Cervicis

A

Origin-nuchal ligament and spinous processes of C7-T6 vertebrae

Insertion-tuber les of transverse processes of C1-C3 vertebrae

Innervation-dorsal rami of spinal nerves

Action- ipsilat laterally flexes and rotates neck and head
- bilat extends head and neck

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10
Q

Iliocostalis

A

Origin-Aries by broad tendon from posterior part of iliac crest, posterior surface of sacrum, sacroiliac ligaments, sacral and inferior lumbar spinous processes and supraspinous ligament

Insertion-lumborum, thoracic cervicis fibers run superiorly to angles of lower ribs and cervical transverse processes

Innervation- dorsal rami of spinal nerves

Action-ipsilat laterally flexes trunk
- bilat extends trunk

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11
Q

Longissimus

A

Origin-Aries by broad tendon from posterior part of iliac crest, posterior surface of sacrum, sacroiliac ligaments, sacral and inferior lumbar spinous processes and supraspinous ligament

Insertion- thoracis: ribs between tubercles and angles, and thoracic transverse processes
Cervicis: transverse processes in cervical region
Capitis: mastoid process of temporal bone

Innervation-dorsal rami of spinal nerves

Action-ipsilat laterally flexes trunk
-bilat extends trunk

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12
Q

Spinalis

A

Origin-arises by a broad tendon from posterior part of iliac crest, posterior surface of sacrum, sacroiliac ligaments, sacral and inferior lumbar spinous processes, and supraspinous ligament

Insertion-thoracis,cervicis,Capitis, fibers run superiorly to spinous processes in upper thoracic region and to cranium

Innervation-dorsal rami of spinal nerve

Action-ipsilat laterally flexes trunk
- bilat extends trunk

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13
Q

Transversospinalis (semispinalis, Multifidus, Rotatores)

A

Origin-transverse processes

Insertion-spinous processes of more superior vertebrae

Innervation - dorsal rami of spinal nerves

Action-stabilizes vertebrae during local movements of vertebrae column

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14
Q

Semispinalis

A

Origin-arises from transverse processes of C4-T12 vertebrae

Insertion-thoracis,cervicis, Capitis, fibers run superiormedially to occipital bone and spinous processes in thoracic and cervical regions, spanning 4-6 segments

Innervation-dorsal rami of spinal nerves

Action-stabalizes vertebrae during local movements of vertebral column

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15
Q

Multifidus

A

Origin-arises from posterior sacrum,posterior superior iliac spine of ilium, aponeurosis of erector spinal, sacroiliac ligaments, mammillary processes of lumbar vertebrae, transverse processes of T1-T3, articular processes of C4-C7

Insertion-thickest in lumbar region, fibers pass obliquely superiormedially to entire length of spinous processes, spanning. 2-4 segments superior to origin.

Innervation-dorsal rami of spinal nerves

Action-stabalizes vertebrae during local movements of vertebral column

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16
Q

Rotatores (brevis and longus)

A

Origin-arises from transverse processes of vertebrae best developed in thoracic region

Insertion-fibers pass superiormedially to attach to junction of lamina and transverse process or spinous process of vertebra immediately (brevis) or two segments superior (longus) to vertebra attachment

Innervation-dorsal rami of spianal nerves

Action-stabalizes vertebrae during localized movements of spinal column
-assists with and rotary movements of vertebral column

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17
Q

Lateral intertransverse

A

Origin-transverse process of cervical and lumbar vertebrae

Insertion - transverse processes of adjacent vertebrae

Innervation-dorsal and ventral rami of spinal nerves

Action-ipsilat lateral flexion of vertebral column
-bilat stabilizes vertebral column

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18
Q

Superior Oblique of the head (Obliquus Capitis Superior)

A

Origin-transverse processes of C1 vertebrae

Insertion-occipital bone between superior and inferior nuchal lines

Innervation-suboccipital nerve (dorsal rami of C1)

Action-ipsilat lateral flexion of head and neck
-bilat extension of head and neck

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19
Q

Rectus Capitis Posterior Major

A

Origin-spinous process of C2 vertebrae

Insertion-lateral part of inferior nuchal line (of occipital bone)

Innervation-sub occipital nerve (dorsal ramps of C1)

Action-ipsilat rotation of head and neck
- bilat extension of head and neck

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20
Q

Rectus Capitis Posterior Minor

A

Origin-posterior tubercle of posterior arch of C1vertebrea

Insertion-medial part of inferior nuchal line (of occipital bone)

Innervation-sub occipital nerve (dorsal ramus of C1)

Action-ipsilat rotation of head and neck.
-bilat extension of head and neck

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22
Q

Infraspinatus ( rotator cuff muscle SITS)

A

Origin-infraspinatus fossil of scapula

Insertion-middle facet of greater tubercle of humerous

Innervation- suprascapular nerve (C5, C6)

Action-laterally rotates humerous
- stabilizes humeral head in glenoid fossa

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23
Q

Teres Minor ( rotator cuff muscle SITS)

A

Origin-middle part of lateral border of scapula

Insertion-inferior facet of greater tubercle of humerous

Innervation - Axillary nerve (C5, C6)

Action-laterally rotates humerous
-stabalizes humeral head in glenoid fossa

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23
Q

Supraspinatus (rotator cuff muscle SITS)

A

Origin-supraspinous fossa of scapula

Insertion- superior facet of greater tubercle of humerus

Innervation-suprascapular nerve (C4, C5, C6)

Action-initiates abduction of humerous
-stabalizes humeral head in glenoid fossa

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24
Q

Subscapularis (rotator cuff muscle SITS)

A

Origin- subscapular fossa ( most of anterior surface of scapula)

Insertion- lesser tubercle of humerous

Innervation- upper and lower subscapular nerves (C5, C6, C7)

Action- adducts and medially rotates humerous
- stabilizes humeral head in glenoid fossa

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25
Q

Teres Major

A

Origin- posterior surface of inferior angle of scapula

Insertion- medial lip of intertubercular groove of humerous

Innervation-lower subscapular nerve ( C5, C6*)

Action- adducts and medially rotates humerus

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26
Q

Deltoid

A

Origin- lateral third of clavicle, acromion,spine of scapula

Insertion- deltoid tuberosity of humerus

Innervation - axillary nerve (C5*, C6)

Action- anterior flexes and medially rotates humerus

      - middle abducts humerus 
      - posterior extends and laterally rotates humerus
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27
Q

Triceps Brachii

A

Origin- long head, infraglenoid tubercle of scapula

      - lateral head, posterior surface of humerus, superior to radial groove
      - medial head, posterior surface of humerus, inferior to radial groove

Insertion- proximal end of olecranon of ulna and fascia of forearm

Innervation- radial nerve (C6, C7, C8)

Action- extends forearm
- long head extends humerus and resists dislocation of glenohumeral joint

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28
Q

Anconeus

A

Origin- lateral epicondyle of humerus

Insertion- lateral surface of olecranon and superior part of posterior surface of ulna

Innervation- radial nerve (C7,C8,T1)

Action- extends forearm, stabilizes elbow joint, abducts ulna durning pronation

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29
Q

Pectoralis Major

A

Origin-clavicular head, anterior surface of medial half of clavicle
- sternocostal head, anterior surface of sternum superior six costa cartilages

Insertion-lateral lip of intertubercular groove of humerus

Innervation- lateral and medial pectoral nerves; clavicular head (C5, C6), sternocostal head (C7, C8*, T1)

Action- horizontally adducts and medially rotates humerus

      - clavicular fibers horizontally adducts humerus 
       - sternocostal fibers horizontally adducts and extends humerus from a flexed position
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30
Q

Pectorals Minor

A

Origin- 3rd to 5th ribs near their costal cartilages

Insertion- medial border and superior surface of coracoid process of scapula

Innervation- Medial pectoral nerve (C8, T1)

Action- anteriorly tilts and depresses scapula

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31
Q

Subclavius

A

Origin- Junction of 1st rib and its costal cartilage

Insertion- Inferior surface of middle third of clavicle

Innervation- Nerve of subclavius (C5*, C6)

Action- Stabilizes and depresses calvicle

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32
Q

Serratus Anterior

A

Origin- External and lateral surface of 1st-8th ribs

Insertion- Anterior surface of medial border of scapula

Innervation- Long thoracic nerve (C5, C6, C7)

Action- Upwardly rotates and abducts scapula
- Stabilizes scapula on thoracic wall

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33
Q

Coracobrachialis

A

Origin- Coracoid process of scapula

Insertion- middle third of medial surface of humerus

Innervation- Musculocutaneous nerve (C5, C6*,C7)

Action- Flexes and adducts humerus
- Resists dislocation of gelnohumeral joint

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34
Q

Brachialis

A

Origin- distal half of anterior surface of humerus

Insertion- Coronoid process and tuberosity of the ulna

Innervation- Musculocutaneous nerve (C5, C6) and radial nerve (C7)

Action- flexes elbow in all positions

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35
Q

Biceps Brachii

A

Origin- Short head: coracoid process of scapula
-Long head: supraglenoid tubercle of scapula

Insertion- Radial tuberosity: facia of forearm via bicipital aponurosis

Innervation- Musculocutaneous nerve (C5, C6*)

Action- supinates forarm and flexes elbow
- resists dislocation of glenohumeral joint

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36
Q

Pronator Teres

A

Origin- Ulnar head: coronoid process of ulna
Humeral head: medial epicondyle of humerus (via common flexor tendon)

Insertion- lateral surface of radius

Innervation- Median nerve (C6, C7*)

Action- pronates forearm and flexes elbow

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37
Q

Flexor Carpi Radialis (FCR)

A

Origin- Medial epicondlye of humerus (via common flexor tendon)

Insertion- base of 2nd metacapal

Innervation- Median nerve (C6, C7*)

Action- flexes and radially deviates wrist
- weakly flexes elbow

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38
Q

Palmaris Longus

A

Origin- medial epicondyle of humerus (via common flexor tendon)

Insertion- flexor retinaculum and palmar aponeurosis

Innervation- Median nerve (C7, C8)

Action- Tenses palmar aponeurosis
- Flexes wrist, weakly flexes elbow

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39
Q

Flexor Carpi Ulnaris (FCU)

A

Origin- Humeral head: medial epicondyle of humerus (via common flexor tendon)
Ulnar Head: olecranon and posterior border of ulna

Insertion- pisiform, hook of hamate, 5th metacarpal

Innervation- Ulnar nerve (C7, C8*)

Action- Flexes and ulnarly deviates wrist
- weakly flexes elbow

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40
Q

Flexor Digitorum Superficialis (FDS)

A

Origin- Humeroulnar head: medial epicondyle (via common flexor tendon) and coronoid process of ulna
Radial Head: anterior proximal radius

Insertion- Shafts of middle phalanges of 2nd-5th digits

Innervation- Media nerve (C7, C8, T1)

Action- Flexes PIP and MCP joints for 2nd-5th digits

     - Flexes wrist 
      - Weakly flexes elbow
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41
Q

Flexor Digitorum Profundus (FDP)

A

Origin- proximal medial and anterior ulna, interosseous membrane

Insertion- Base of distal phalanges of 2nd-5th digits

Innervation- Medial Part: Ulnar nerve (C8, T1)
- Lateral Part: anterior interosseous nerve, from median nerve (C8, T1)

Action- flexes DIP, PIP, and MCP joints for 2nd-5th digits
- flexes wrist

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42
Q

Flexor Pollicis Longus (FPL)

A

Origin- anteior surface of radius, interosseous membrane

Insertion- base of distal phalanx of the thumb

Innervation- anterior interosseous nerve, from median nerve (C8*, T1)

Action- Flexes IP and MCP of 1st digit (thumb)
-Flexes wrist

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43
Q

Pronator Quadratus

A

Origin- Distal anterior ulna

Insertion- Distal anterior radius

Innervation- Anterior interosseous nerve, from median nerve (C8*, T1)

Action- Pronates forearm
- stabilizes distal radioulnar joint

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44
Q

Abductor Pollicis Brevis

A

Origin- Flexor rentinaculum and tubercles of scaphoid and trapezium

Insertion- Lateral side of base of proximal phalanx of thumb

Innervation- recurrent branch of median nerve (C8*, T1)

Action- abducts thumb
- opposes thumb

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45
Q

Opponens Pollicis

A

Origin- flexor rentinaculum and tubercles of scaphoid and trapezium

Insertion- lateral side of 1st metacarpal

Innervation- Recurrent branch of median nerve (C8*, T1)

Action- opposes thumb

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46
Q

Flexor Pollicis Brevis

A

Origin- Flexor retinaculum and tubercles of scaphoid and trapezium

Insertion- lateral side of base of proximal phalanx of thumb

Innervation- Superficial head: recurrent branch of median nerve (C8, T1)
-Deep head: deep branch of ulnar nerve (C8, T1)

Action- Flexes MCP of 1st digit (thumb)

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47
Q

Flexor Digiti Mnimi brevis

A

Origin- hook of hamate and flexor rentinaculum

Insertion- medial side of base of proximal phalanx of 5th digit

Innervation- deep branch of ulnar nerve (C8, T1*)

Action- Flexes MCP of 5th digit

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48
Q

Abductor Digiti Minimi

A

Origin- Pisiform

Insertion- medial side of base of proximal phalanx of 5th digit

Innervation- Deep branch of ulnar nerve (C8, T1*)

Action- abducts and flexes MCP of 5th digit

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49
Q

Opponens Digiti Minimi

A

Origin- hook of hamate and flexor rentinaculum

Insertion- medial border of 5th metacarpal

Innervation- deep branch of ulnar nerve (C8, T1*)

Action- opposes 5th digit

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50
Q

Palmaris Brevis

A

Origin- Palmar aponeurosis

Insertion- skin of hand on ulnar side

Innervation- superficial branch of ulnar nerve (C8, T1)

Action- tenses skin of palmar fascia

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51
Q

Adductor Pollicis

A

Origin- Oblique head: base of 2nd and 3rd metacapals, trapezoid and capitate
Transverse head: anterior surface of 3rd metacarpal

Insertion- medial side of base of proximal phalanx of thumb

Innervation- Deep branch of ulnar nerve (C8, T1*)

Action- adducts thumb

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52
Q

Lumbricals (1st and 2nd)

A

Origin- lateral two tendons of flexor digitorum profundus (as unipennate muscles)

Insertion- lateral sides of extensor expansions of 2nd-3rd digits

Innervation- median nerve (C8, T1*)

Action- flexes MCP joints and extends IP joints of 2nd-3rd digits

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53
Q

Lumbricals (3rd and 4th)

A

Origin- medial three tendons of flexor digitorum profundus (as biqennate muscles)

Insertion- lateral sides of extensor expansions of 4th and 5th digits

Innervation- deep branch of ulnar nerve (C8, T1*)

Action- Flexes MCP join and extends IP joints of 4th and 5th digits

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54
Q

Dorsal Interossei

A

Origin- adjacent sides of two metacarpals (as bipennate muscles)

Insertion- bases of proximal phalanges and extensor expansions of 2nd-4th digits

Innervation- deep branch of ulnar nerve (C8, T1*)

Action- abducts 2nd-4th digits from axial line

      - acts with lumbricals to flex MCP joints and extend IP joints 
     - 1st dorsal interosseous adducts thumb
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55
Q

Palmar Interossei

A

Origin- Palmar surfaces of 2nd, 4th, and 5th metacarpals (as unipennate muscles)

Insertion- Bases of proximal phalanges, extensor expansions of 2nd, 4th, and 5th digits

Innervation- deep branch of ulnar nerve (C8, T1*)

Action- adducts 2nd, 4th, and 5th digits towards axial line
- acts with lumbricals to flex MCP joints and extend IP joints

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56
Q

Brachioradialis

A

Origin- lateral supracondylar ridge of humerus

Insertion- lateral surface of distal radius, proximal to styloid process

Innervation- radial nerve (C5, C6*,C7)

Action- weak flexion of elbow (maximal when forearm in midpronated position)

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57
Q

Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus (ECRL)

A

Origin- lateral suracondylar ridge of humerus

Insertion- dorsal aspect of base of 2nd metacarpal

Innervation- Radial nerve (C6, C7)

Action- extends and radially deviates wrist (active during fist clenching)

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58
Q

Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis (ECRB)

A

Origin- lateral epicondyle of humerus (via common extensor tendon)

Insertion- dorsal aspect of base of 3rd metacarpal

Innervation- deep branch of radial nerve (C7*, C8)

Action- extends and radially deviates wrist (active during fist clenching)

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59
Q

Extensor Digitorum (ED)

A

Origin-lateral epicondyle of humerus (via commone extensor tendon)

Insertion- extensor expansion of 2nd-5th digits

Innervation- deep branch of radial nerve (C7*, C8)

Action- extends elbow

     - extends hand at wrist 
     - extends 2nd-5th digits (primarily at MCP joint, secondarily at IP joint)
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60
Q

Extensor Digiti Minimi (EDM)

A

Origin- lateral epicondyle of humerus (via common extensor tendon)

Insertion- extensor expansion of 5th digit

Innervation- deep branch of radial nerve (C7*, C8)

Action- extends 5th digit (primarily at MCP join, secondarily at IP joint)
- weak wrist extension

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61
Q

Extensor Carpi Ulnaris (ECU)

A

Origin- lateral epicondyle of humerus (via common extensor tendon); posterior border of ulna

Insertion- dorsal aspect of base of 5th metacarpal

Innervation- deep branch of radial nerve (C7*, C8)

Action- extends and ulnarly deviates wrist (active during fist clenching)

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62
Q

Supinator

A

Origin- lateral epicondyle of humerus (via common extensor tendon); radial collateral and anular ligaments; supinator fossa; crest of ulna

Insertion- lateral posterior, and anteior surfaces of proximal third of radius

Innervation- deep branch of radial nerve (C7, C8*)

Action- supinates forearm

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63
Q

Abductor Pollicis Longus (APL)

A

Origin- posterior surface of proximal halves of ulna, radius, and interosseous membrane.

Insertion- base of 1st metacarpal

Innervation- posterior interosseous nerve (C7,C8*) (a continuation of deep branch of radial nerve)

Action- abducts and extends thumb at carpometacarpal (CMC) joint

64
Q

Extensor Pollicis Brevis (EPB)

A

Origin- posterior surface of distal third of radius and interosseous membrane

Insertion- dorsal aspect of base of proximal phalanx of thumb

Innervation- posterior interosseous nerve (C7, C8*) (a continuation of deep branch of radial nerve)

Action- extends proximal phalanx of thumb at MCP join
- extends CMC joint

65
Q

Extensor Pollicis Longus (EPL)

A

Origin- posterior surface of middle third of ulna and interosseous membrane

Insertion- dorsal aspect of base of distal phalanx of thumb

Innervation- posterior interosseous nerve (C7, C8*) (a continuation of deep branch of radial nerve)

Action- extends distal phalanx of thumb at IP joint
- extends thumb at MCP and CMC joints

66
Q

Extensor Indicis

A

Origin- posterior surface of distal third of ulna and interosseous membrane

Insertion- extensor expansion of 2nd digit

Innervation- posterior interosseous nerve (C7*, C8) (a continuation of deep branch of radial nerve)

Action- extends 2nd digit (enabling its independent extension from other digits)
-weakly extends hand at wrist

67
Q

Psoas Major

A

Origin- sides of T12-L5 vertebrae and intervertebral discs; transverse processes of all lumbar vertebrae

Insertion- lessor trochanter of femur

Innervation- anterior rami of lumbar nerves (L1, L2, L3)

Action- Flexes hip
-Stabilizes hip joint

68
Q

Psoas Minor

A

Origin- sides of T12-L1 vertebrae and intervertebral discs

Insertion- pectineal line of iliopectineal eminence of pelvic bone

Innervation- Anterior rami of lumbar nerves (L1, L2)

Action- weakly flexes lumbar spine

69
Q

Iliacus

A

Origin- Iliac crest; iliac fossa; ala of the sacrum; anterior sacroiliac ligaments

Insertion- tendon of psoas major; lesser trochanter and femur distal to it

Innervation- femoral nerve (L2*, L3)

Action- flexes hip
- stabilizes hip joint

70
Q

Sartorius

A

Origin- anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS)

Insertion- superior and medial surface of tibia (pes anserine)

Innervation- femoral nerve (L2, L3)

Action- flexes, abducts, and laterally rotates hip

     - flexes knee joint 
     - medially rotates tibia when knee is flexed
71
Q

Rectus Femoris

A

Origin- Anterior inferior iliac spine (AIIS) and ilium superior to acetabulum

Insertion- to patella via quadriceps tendons; indirectly via patellar ligament to tibial tuberosity

Innervation- Femoral nerve (L2, L3, L4)

Action- extends knee joint

     - steadies hip joint
      - helps iliopsoas flex hip
72
Q

Vastus lateralis

A

Greater trochanter and lateral lip of linea aspera of femur

Insertion- to patella via quadraceps tendons; indirectly via patellar ligament to tibial tuberosity

Innervation- femoral nerve (L2, L3, L4)

Action- extends knee joint

73
Q

Vastus Medialis

A

Origin- intertrochanteric line and the medial lip of linea aspera of femur

Insertion- to patella via quadraceps tendons; indirectly via patellar ligament to tibial tuberosity

Innervation- femoral nerve (L2, L3, L4)

Action- extends knee joint

74
Q

Vastus Intermedius

A

Origin- anterior and lateral surfaces of shaft of femur

Insertion-to patella via quadraceps tendons; indirectly via patellar ligament to tibial tuberosity

Innervation- femoral nerve (L2, L3, L4)

Action- extends knee

75
Q

Pectineus

A

Origin-superior ramus of pubis

Insertion- pectineal line of femur

Innervation- Femoral nerve (L2, L3); may receive branch from the obturator nerve

Action- adducts, flexes, medially rotates hip joint

76
Q

Tensor Fascia Latae

A

Origin- anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS); anterior part of iliac crest

Insertion- iliotibial tract, which attaches to lateral condyle of tibia

Innervation- supeior gluteal nerve (L5*, S1)

Action- abducts and medially rotates hip joint

77
Q

Adductor Longus

A

Origin- body of pubis inferior to pubic crest

Insertion- middle third of linea aspera of femur

Innervation- obturator nerve, branch of the anterior division (L2, L3*,L4)

Action- adducts hip join

78
Q

Adductor Brevis

A

Origin- body and inferior ramus of pubis

Insertion- pectineal line and proximal part of linea aspera

Innervation- obturator nerve, branch of the anterior division (L2, L3*,L4)

Action- adducts and weakly flexes hip joint

79
Q

Adductor Magnus

A

Origin- Adductor part: inferior ramus of pubis and ramus of ishium
Hamstrings part: ischial tuberosity

Insertion: Adductor part: gluteal tuberosity, linea aspera, and medial supracondylar line of femur
Hamstring part- adductor tubercle of femur

Innervation- Adductor part: obturator nerve (L2,L3,L4), branches of posterior division
Hamstring part: tibial division of sciatic nerve (L4*)

Action- adducts hip joint

     - adductor part flexes hip 
     - hamstring part extends hip
80
Q

Gracilis

A

Origin- body of inferior ramus of pubis

Insertion- superior and medial surface of tibia (pes anserine)

Innervation- obutrator nerve (L2*, L3)

Action- adducts hip joint

     - flexes knee joint 
     - medially rotates tibia
81
Q

Obturator Externus

A

Origin- anterior surface of obturator membrane and surrounding bones

Insertion- trochanteric fossa of femur

Innervation- obturator nerve (L3, L4*)

Action- laterally rotates hip
-steadies head of femur in acetabulum

82
Q

Gluteus Maximus

A

Origin- llium posterior to posterior gluteal line; dorsal surface of sacrum and coccyx; sacrotuberous ligament

Insertion- Iliotibial tract (which inserts into lateral condyle of tibia); gluteal tuberosity

Innervation- inferior gluteal nerve (L5, S1, S2)

Action- extends hip joint (especially from flexted position)
- laterally rotates hip joint

83
Q

Gluteus Medius

A

Origin- external surface of ilium between anterior and posterior gluteal lines

Insertion- greater trochanter of femur

Innervation- superior gluteal nerve (L5*, S1)

Action - abducts and medially rotates hip joint
-keeps pelvis level when ipsilateral limb is weightbearning and advancing opposite (unsupported) limb during swing phase of gait

84
Q

Gluteus Minimus

A

Origin- external surface of ilium between anterior and inferior gluteal lines

Insertion- greater trochanter of femur

Innervation- superior gluteal nerve (L5*, S1)

Action- abducts and medially rotates hip joint
- keeps pelvis level when ipisilateral limb is weight-bearing and advancing opposite (unsupported) limb during swing phase of gait

85
Q

Piriformis

A

Origin- anterior surface of sacrum; sacrotuberous ligament

Insertion- superior border of greater torchanter of femur

Innervation- Branches of anterior rami of S1*, S2

Action- laterally rotates extended hip and abducts flexed hip
- steadies femoral head in acetabulum

86
Q

Obturator Internus

A

Origin- posterior surface of obturator membrane and surrounding bones

Insertion- medial surface of greater trochanter (trochanteric fossa) of femur

Innervation- nerve to obturator internus (L5, S1*)

Action- laterally rotates extended hip and abducts flexted hip
- steadies femoral head in acetabulum

87
Q

Superior Gemellus

A

Origin- ischial spine

Insertion- medial surface of greater trochanter (trochanteric fossa) of femur

Innervation- nerve to obturator internus (L5, S1*)

Action- laterally rotates extended hip and abducts flexed hip
- steadies femoral head in acetabulum

88
Q

Inferior Gemellus

A

Origin- Ischial tuberosity

Insertion- medial surface of greater trochanter (trochanteric fossa of femur)

Innervation- nerve to quadratus femoris (L5, S1)

Action- laterally rotates extended hip and abducts flexted hip
- steadies femoral head in acetabulum

89
Q

Quadratus Femoris

A

Origin- lateral border of ischial tuberosity

Insertion-quadrate tubercle on intertrochanteric crest of femur and area inferior to it

Innervation- nerve to quadratus femoris (L5, S1)

Action- laterally rotates hip joint
- steadies femoral head in acetabulum

90
Q

Semitendinosus

A

Origin- Ishial tuberosity

Insertion- superior and medial surface of tiba (pes anserine)

Innervation- tibial division of sciatic nerve (L5, S1, S2)

Action- extend hip joint

     - Flex knee joint 
      - Medially rotate tibia when knee flexed
91
Q

Semimembranosus

A

Origin- Ischial tuberosity

Insertion- posterior part of medial condyle of tibia; reflected attachement forms oblique popliteal ligament (to lateral femoral condyle)

Innervation- tibial division of sciatic nerve (L5, S1, S2)

Action- Extend hip joint

      - flex knee joint 
       - medially rotate tibia when knee flexed
92
Q

Biceps Femoris

A

Origin- Long head: ischial tuberosity
Short head: linea aspera and later suracondylar line of femur

Insertion- lateral side of head of fibula; tendon is split at this stie by fibular collateral ligament of knee

Innervation- Long head: tibial division of sciatic nere (L5, S1, S2)
- Short head: common fibular division of sciatic nerve (L5, S1, S2)

Action- flexes knee

      - lateraly rotates tibia when knee is flexed 
      - long head extends the thigh
93
Q

Gastrocnemius

A

Origin- Lateral head: lateral aspect of lateral condyle of femur
Medial head: popliteal surface of femur, superior to medial condyle

Insertion- posterior calcaneus via clacaneal tendon

Innervation- Tibial nerve (S1, S2)

Action- Plantarflexes ankle join
- Flexes knee joint

94
Q

Plantaris

A

Origin- lateral supracondylear line of femur; oblique popliteal ligament

Insertion-posterior calcaneus via calcaneal tendon

Innervation- tibial nerve (S1, S2)

Action- weakly plantarflexes ankle joint

95
Q

Soleus

A

Origin- posterior surface of head of fibula; posterior surface of fibula; soleal line and middle third of medial border of tibia

Insertion- posterior calcaneus via calcaneal tendon

Innervation-tibial nerve (S1, S2)

Action- plantarflexes ankle joint independant of knee position

96
Q

Popliteus

A

Origin- lateral surface of lateral condyle of femur and lateral meniscus

Insertion- posterior tibia, superior to soleal line

Innervation- tibial nerve (L4, L5, S1)

Action- weakly flexes knee and unlocks it by laterally rotating femur 5 degrees on fixed tibia
- medially rotates tibia of unplanted limb

97
Q

Flexor Digitorum Longus

A

Origin- posterior and medial surface of tibia inferior to soleal line

Insertion- base of distal phalanges of lateral four digits

Innervation- tibial nerve (S2, S3)

Action- Flexes lateral four digits

      - plantarflexes ankle 
      - supports longitudinal arches of foot
98
Q

Flexor Hallucis Longus

A

Origin- posterior and inferior surface of fibula; inferior part of interosseous membrane

Insertion- base of distal phalanx of great toe (hallux)

Innervation- tibial nerve (S2, S3)

Action- Flexes great toe at all joints

     - weakly plantarflexes ankle 
     - supports medial longitudinal arch of foot
99
Q

Tibialis Posterior

A

Origin- interosseous membrane; posterior tibia inferior to soleal line; posterior fibula

Insertion- tuberosity of navicular, cuneiform, cuboid; sustentaclum tali of calcaneus; bases of 2nd, 3rd, and 4th metatarsals

Innervation- tibial nerve (L4, L5)

Action- plantarflexes ankle

      - invertes foot 
       - supports medial longitudinal arch of foot
100
Q

Abductor Hallucis

A

Origin- medial tubercle of tuberosity of calcaneus; flexor retinaculum; plantar aponeurosis

Insertion- medial side of base of proximal phalanx of 1st digit

Innervation- medial plantar nerve (S2,S3)

Action- abducts and flexes 1st digit (great toe/hallux)

101
Q

Abductor Digiti Minimi

A

Origin- medial and lateral tubercles of tuberosity of clacaneus; plantar aponerurosis; intermuscular septa

Insertion- lateral side of base of proximal phalanx of 5th digit

Innervation- lateral plantar nerve (S2, S3)

Action- abducts and flexes the 5th digit

102
Q

Flexor Digitorum Brevis

A

Origin- tuberosiety of calcaneus; plantar aponeurosis; intermusclar septa

Insertion- both sides of middle phalanges of lateral four digits

Innervation- medial plantar nerve (S2, S3)

Action- flexes lateral four digits

103
Q

Quadratus Plantae

A

Origin- medial and lateral margins of plantar surface of calcaneus

Insertion- tendon of flexor digitorum longus

Innervation- lateral plantar nerve (S2, S3)

Action- assists flexor digitorum longus in flexing lateral four digits

104
Q

Adductor Hallucis

A

Origin- Oblique head: bases of the 2nd-4th metatarsals
Transverse head: plantar ligaments of metatarsophlangeal (MTP) joints

Insertion- tendons of both heads attach to lateral side of base of proximal phalanx of 1st digit

Innervation- deep branch of lateral plantar nerve (S2, S3)

Action- flexes and adducts the 1st digit at MTP joint
- supports the transverse arch of foot

105
Q

Flexor Hallucis Brevis

A

Origin- plantar surfaces of cuboid and lateral cuneifroms

Insertion- both sides of base of proximal phalanx of 1st digit

Innervation- medial plantar nerve (S2, S3)

Action- flexes proximal phalanx of 1st digit

106
Q

Flexor Digiti Minimi Brevis

A

Origin- base of 5th metatarsal

Insertion- base of proximal phalanx of 5th digit

Innervation- superficial branch of lateral plantar nerve (S2, S3)

Action- Flexes proximal phalanx of 5th digit

107
Q

Lumbricals

A

Origin- tendons of flexor digitorum longus

Insertion- medial aspect of expansion over lateral four digits

Innervation- Medial one: medial plantar nerve (S2, S3)
- Lateral three: lateral plantar nerve (S2, S3)

Action- Flexes MTP join and extends IP joints of lateral four digits

108
Q

Plantar Interossei

A

Origin-bases of medial sides of metatarsals 3-5

Insertion- medial sides of bases of phalanges of 3rd-5th digits

Innervation- lateral plantar nerve (S2, S3)

Action- adducts digits (3-5) and flexes (MPT) joints

109
Q

Dorsal Interossei

A

Origin- adjacent sides of metatarsals 1-5

Insertion- 1st medial side of proximal phalanx of 2nd digit 2nd-4th: lateral sides of 2nd-4th digits

Innervation- lateral plantar nerve (S2, S3)

Action- abducts digits (2-4) and flexes (MPT) joints

110
Q

Fibularis (peroneus) Longus

A

Origin- head and superior two thirds of lateral surface of fibula

Insertion- base of 1st metatarsal and medial cuneiform

Innervation- superficial fibular nerve (L5, S1, S2)

Action- evertes foot and weakly plantarflexes ankle

111
Q

Fibularis (peroneus) Brevis

A

Origin- inferior two thirds of lateral surface of fibula

Insertion- tuberosity on lateral side of base of 5th metatarsal

Innervation- superficial fibular nerve (L5, S1,S2)

Action- everts foot and weakly plantarflexes ankle

112
Q

Tibialis Anterior

A

Origin- lateral condyle and superior half of lateral tibia and interosseous membrane

Insertion- medial and inferior surfaces of medial cuneiform and base of 1st metatarsal

Innervation- deep fibular nerve (L4*, L5)

Action- dorsiflexes ankle and inverts the foot

113
Q

Extensor Digitorum Longus

A

Origin- lateral condyle of tibia; superior three quarter of medial surface of fibula; and interosseous membrane

Insertion- middle and distal phalanges of lateral four digits

Innervation- deep fibular nerve (L4*, L5)

Action- extends lateral four digits and dorsiflexes the ankle

114
Q

Extensor Hallucis Longus

A

Origin- middle part of anterior surface of fibula and interosseous membrane

Insertion- base of distal phalanx of great toe (hullux)

Innervation- deep fibular nerve (L4*, L5)

Action- extends great toe and dorsiflexes ankle

115
Q

Fibularis (peroneus) Tertius

A

Origin- inferior third of anterior surface of fibula and interosseous membrane

Insertion- base of 5th metatarsal

Innervation- deep fibular nerve (L4, L5)

Action- dorsiflexes ankle and aids in eversion of foot

116
Q

Extensor Hallucis Brevis

A

Origin- clacaneus (the floor of tarsal sinus); interosseous talocalcaneal ligament; stem of inferior extensor rentinaculum

Insertion-base of the proximal phalanx of the great toe

Innervation- deep fibular nerve (L5, or S1, or both)

Action- aids extensor hallucis longus in extending great toe at metatarsophalangeal (MPT) joint

117
Q

Extensor Digitorum Brevis

A

Origin- Calcaneus (the floor of tarsal sinus); interossseous talocalcaneal ligament; stem of inferior extensor rentinaculum

Insertion- long extensor tendons of the 2nd-5th digits

Innervation- deep fibular nerve (L5 or S1, or both)

Action- aids extensor digitorum longus in extending 2nd-5th digits at metatarsophalangeal (MPT) and interphalangeal (IP) joints

118
Q

Orbicularis Oris

A

Origin- medial maxilla and the madible; deep surface of perioral skin, angle of mouth

Insertion- mucous membrane of lips

Innervation- Facial nerve (CN VII) via buccal

Action- phasic contraction compresses and protrudes lips (kissing) or resists destension (blowing)

119
Q

Depressor Anguli Oris

A

Origin- anterolateral base of mandible

Insertion- angle of mouth

Innervation- Facial nerve (C VII) vial marginal mandibular

Action- part of dilators of mouth; depresses labial commissure bilaterally to frown (sadness)

120
Q

Levator Labii Superioris

A

Origin- Infraorbital margin (maxilla)

Insertion- skin of upper lip

Innervation- Facial nerve (C VII) via buccal

Action- elevates and/or evert upper lip; deepen nasolabial sulcus (showing sadness)

121
Q

Levator Anguli Oris

A

Origin- infraorbital maxilla (canine fossa)

Insertion- angle of mouth

Innervation- Facial nerve (C VII) via buccal

Action- part of dialators of mouth; elevate labial commissure
- bilaterally to smile (happiness) and unilaterally to sneer (disdain)

122
Q

Buccinator

A

Origin- mandible; aveolar process of maxilla and mandible; pterygomandibular raphe

Insertion- angle of mouth; obicularis oris

Innervation- Facial nerve (CN VII) vial buccal

Action- presses cheek against molar teeth; works with tongue to keep food between occlusal surfaces and out of oral vestibule; resists distension (when blowing)

123
Q

Orbicularis Oculi

A

Origin- medial orbital margin; medial palpebral ligament; lacrimal bone

Insertion- skin around the margin of the orbit; superior and inferior tarsal plates

Innervation- Facial nerve (CN VII) via temporal and zygomatic

Action- closes eyelids; palpebral part does so gently; orbital part does so tightly (winking)

124
Q

Platysma

A

Origin- inferior border of mandible, skin and subcutaneous tissue of the lower face

Insertion- fascia covering superior parts of pectoralis major and deltoid muscles

Innervation- Cervical branches of facial nerve (CN VII)

Action- draws the corner of the mouth inferiorly and widens it (sadness and fright)
-draws skin of neck superiorly when teeth are clenched

125
Q

Sternohyoid

A

Origin- Manubrium of sternum and medial end of clavicle

Insertion- body of hyoid

Innervation- C1-C3 by a branch of ansa cervicalis

Action- depresses hyoid after elevation during swallowing

126
Q

Omohyoid

A

Origin- superior border of scapula near the suprascapular notch

Insertion- inferior border of hyoid

Innervation- C1-C3 by a branch of ansa cervicalis

Action- depresses, retracts, and steadies the hyoid

127
Q

Sternothyroid

A

Origin- posterior surface of manubrium of the sternum

Insertion- oblique line of thyroid cartilage

Innervation- C2 and C3 by branch of ansa cervicalis

Action- depresses hyoid and larynx

128
Q

Thyrohyoid

A

Origin- oblique line of thyroid cartilage

Insertion- inferior body and greater horn of hyoid

Innervation- C1 via hypoglossal nerve (CN XII)

Action- depresses hyoid and elevates larynx

129
Q

Anterior Digastric

A

Origin- digastric fossa of mandible

Insertion- intermediate tendon to body and greater horn of hyoid bone

Innervation- nerve to mylohyoid, a branch of inferior alveolar nerve

Action- working with infrahyoid muscles

             - depresses mandible against resistance 
              - elevates and steadies hyoid during swallowing and speaking
130
Q

Posterior Digastric

A

Origin- mastoid notch of temporal bone

Insertion- Intermediate tendon of body and greater horn of the hyoid bone

Innervation- Digastric branch of facial verve (CN VII)

Action- working with infrahyoid muscles;

     - depresses madible against resistance 
      - elevates and steadies hyoid during swallowing and speaking
131
Q

Mylohyoid

A

Origin- mylohyoid line of mandible

Insertion- mylohyoid raphe of body of hyoid

Innervation- nerve to mylohyoid, a branch of inferior alveolar nerve (from mandibular nerve, CN V3)

Action- elevates hyoid, floor of mouth, and tongue during speaking and swallowing

132
Q

Stylohyoid

A

Origin- styloid process of temporal bone

Insertion- body of hyoid

Innervation- stylohyoid branch of facial nerve (CN VII)

Action- elevates and retracts hyoid, thus elongating floor of mouth

133
Q

Sternocleidomastoid

A

Origin- mastoid process of temporal bone and lateral half of superior nuchal line

Insertion-
Sternal head: manubrium of sternum
Clavicular head: medial third of clavicle

Innervation- spinal accessory nerve (CN XI, motor); C2 and C3 nerves (pain and proprioception)

Action-
Unilateraly- Ipsilat laterally bends and contralat rotates head and neck
Bilaterally: prodrudes head and neck, elevates sternum during forceful expiration

134
Q

Anterior Scalene

A

Origin- Transverse process of C3-C6 vertebrae

Insertion- Ist rib

Innervation- ventral rami C4-C6 spinal nerves

Action- laterally flexes head and neck to the same side
- elevates first rib during forced expiration

135
Q

Middle Scalene

A

Origin- posterior tubercles of transverse processes of C2-C7 vertebrae

Insertion- 1st rib

Innervation- Ventral rami of C3-C8 spinal nerves

Action- laterally flexes head and neck to same side,
-elevates first rib during forced inspiration

136
Q

Anterior Scalene

A

Origin- Transverse processes of C3-C6 vertebrae

Insertion- 1st rib

Innervation- Ventral rami of C4-C6 spinal nerves

Action- Laterally flexes head and neck to same side
-elevates rib during forced inspiration

137
Q

Posterior Scalene

A

Origin- Posterior tubercles of transverse processes of C2-C7 vertebrae

Insertion- external border of 2nd rib

Action- laterally flexes head and neck
- elevates 2nd rib during forced inspiration

138
Q

Rectus Capitis Anterior

A

Origin- Base of cranium just anterior to occipital condyles

Insertion- anterior surface of lateral mass of C1 vertebrae

Innervation- Branches from the loop between C1 and C2 spinal nerves

Action- flex head

139
Q

Rectus Capitis Lateralis

A

Origin- Jugular process of occipital bone

Insertion- transverse process of C1 vertebrae

Innervation- Branches from the loop between C1 and C2 spinal nerves

Action- Flexes head and help stabilize it

140
Q

Logus Colli

A

Origin- anterior tubercle of atlas, bodies of C2,3, transverse process of C3-C6

Insertion- Bodies of C5-T3, transverse process of C3-C5

Innervation- anterior rami of C2-C6 spinal nerves

Action- flexes head acting bilaterally
-contralateral rotation acting unilaterally

141
Q

Longus Capitis

A

Origin- Basilar part of occipital bone

Insertion- anterior tubercles of C3-C6 transverse processes

Innervation- Anterior rami of C1-C3 spinal nerves

Action- Flex head

142
Q

Masseter

A

Origin- Quadrate muscle attaching to inferior and medial surfaces of maxillary process of zygomatic arch and zygomatic bone

Insertion- angle and lateral surface of ramus of mandible

Innervation- Anterior trunk of mandibular nerve (CN V3) via masseteric nerve

Action- elevates madible thus closing jaw
- superfical fibers make a limited contribution to protrusion of mandible

143
Q

Temporalis

A

Origin- Triangular muscle attaching to floor of temporal fossa and deep surface of temporal fascia

Insertion- coronoid process and anterior border of ramus of mandible

Innervation- Anterior trunk of mandibular nerve (CN V3) via medial pterygoid nerve

Action- elevates mandible thus closing jaw

       - contributes to protrusion 
        - alternate unilateral activity produces smaller griding movements
144
Q

Medial Pterygoid

A

Origin- Quadrangular two headed muscle from (1) medial surface of lateral pterygoid plate and pyramidal process of palatine bone and (2) tuberosity of maxilla

Insertion- medial aspect of ramus of madible inferior to madibular foramen

Innervation- Anterior trunk of madibular nerve (CN V3) via medial pterygoid nerve

Action- acts synergistically with masseter to elevate mandible

      - contributes to protrusion 
       - alternate unilateral activity produces smaller grinding movements
145
Q

Lateral Pterygoid

A

Origin- a triangular two headed muscle from (1) infratemporal surface and crest of greater wing of sphenoid and (2) lateral surface of lateral pterygoid plate

Insertion- Upper head attaches primarily to join t capsule and articular disc of TMJ; inferior head attaches primarily to pterygoid fovea on anteromedial aspect of the neck of condyloid process of madible

Innervation- anterior trunk of mandibular nerve (CN V3) via lateral pterygoid nerve

Action- 
Acting bilaterally: 
Protracts madible and depresses chin 
Acting Unilaterally: 
swings jaw tword contralateral sid; alternate unilateral contraction produces larger lateral chewing movements
146
Q

External Intercostal

A

Origin- inferior border of the ribs

Insertion- superior border of the ribs below

Innervation- intercostal nerve

Action- elevates ribs during forced inspiration

147
Q

Internal Intercostal

A

Origin- inferior border of the ribs

Insertion- superior border of the rubs below

Innervation- Intercostal nerve

Action-
Interocceous part: depresses ribs during forced respiration

Interchondral part: elevates ribs during forced respiration

148
Q

Innermost Intercostal

A

Origin- Inferior border of the ribs

Insertion- superior border of the ribs below

Innervation- intercostal nerve

Action-
Interosseous part: depresses ribs during forced respiration

Interchondral part: elevates ribs during forced respiration

149
Q

Transverse Thoracis

A

Origin- posterior surface of the lower sternum

Insertion- Internal surface of the 2nd-6th costal cartilages

Innervation- interacostal nerve

Action- weakly depresses ribs

150
Q

External Oblique

A

Origin- external serfaces of the 5th-12th ribs

Insertion- Linea alba; pubic tubercle; anterior half of the iliac crest

Innervation- Thoracoabdominal nerves (T7-T11 spinal nerves) and subcostal nerve

Action- Bilaterally flexes trunk

     - Unilaterally rotates trunk contralterally 
      - compresses abdominal viscera
151
Q

Internal Oblique

A

Origin- Thoracolumbar facia; anterior two thirds of the iliac crest; lateral two thirds of in inguinal ligament

Insertion- Inferior boarders of the 10th-12th ribs; linea alba’ pecten pubis via the conjoint tendon

Innervation- Thoracoabdominal nerves (ventral rami of T6-T12 spinal nerves) and first lumbar nerves

Action- bilaterally flexes trunk

      - Unilaterally rotates trunk ipsilaterally 
      - compresses abdominal viscera
152
Q

Transerves Abdominus

A

Origin- Interal surfaces of 7yj-12th costal cartilages; thoracolumbar facia; Iliac crest; lateral third of the inguinal ligament

Insertion- Lina alba with the aponeurosis of the internal oblique; pubic crest; pecten pubis via the conjoint tendon

Innervation- Thoracoabdominal nerves (venteral rami of T6-T12 spinal nerves) first lumbar nerves

Action- compresses and supports abdominal viscera

153
Q

Rectus Abdominis

A

Origin- pubic symphysis and pubic crest

Insertion- Xiphoid process and the 5th-7th costal cartilages

Innervation- Thoracoabdominal nerves (venteral rami of T6-T-12 spinal nerves)

Action- Flexes trunk (lumbar vertebrae) and compresses the abdominal viscera
-stabalizes and posteriorly tilts pelvis

154
Q

Quadratus Lumborum

A

Origin- Meidal half of inferior border of the 12th rib and the tips of the lumbar transverse processes

Insertion- Iliolumbar ligament and the internal lip of the Iliac crest.

Innervation- Anterior rami of T12-L4 nerves

Action- extends and laterally flexes vertebral column
- fixes 12th ribs during inspiration

155
Q

Coccygeus

A

Origin- Ishchial spine

Insertion- inferior end of sacrum and coccyx

Innervation- Branches of S4 and S5 spinal nerves

Action- forms small part of pelvic diaphragm that supports pelvic viscera
-flexes coccyx

156
Q

Levator Ani (Puborectalis, Pubococcygeus, and Illiococcygeus)

A

Origin- body of pubis; tendinous arch of obturator fascia; ischial spine

Insertion- pernal body; coccyx; anococcygeal ligament; walls of the prostate or vagina; rectum; anal canal

Innervation- Nerve to levator ani (branches of S4); inferior anal (rectal) nerve; scoccygeal plexus

Action- Forms most of pelvic diaphragm that helps support pelvic viscera and resists increases in intraabdominal pressure.

Gross anatomy stuff (7 decks)

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