Gross Anatomy- Foot Flashcards
Describe the location of the Foot and its parts it is composed of
• Part distal to ankle
• Provides platform for supporting body when standing
• Important for locomotion
• Divided into 3 parts:
o Hindfoot – talus and calcaneus
Heel – sole of foot underlying calcaneus
o Midfoot – navicular, cuboid and cuneiforms
o Forefoot – metatarsals and phalanges
Ball – sole of foot underlying medial 2 metatarsals
What are the Intertarsal Joints and how are they considered?
Subtalar (Talocalcaneal) Joint
Transverse Tarsal Joint
Describe the Subtalar (Talocalcaneal) Joint and how it is considered anatomically and clinically
Subtalar (Talocalcaneal) Joint
• Considered anatomically and clinically
o Anatomical joint:
Between posterior calcaneal surface of talus and posterior articular facet of calcaneus
o Clinical joint:
Compound joint - anatomical joint plus talocalcaneal part of talocalcaneonavicular joint
• Synovial joint
Name some features of the Subtalar (Talocalcaneal) Joint
• Plane type joint
o Allows inversion/eversion around oblique axis
• Anatomical and clinical joints:
o Have their own joint capsules
o Function as one, not independently
Name the Ligaments of the **Subtalar (Talocalcaneal) Joint **
Ligaments
• Interosseous talocalcaneal l. –
o Separates subtalar and talocalcaneonavicular joints
o In tarsal sinus
o Very strong
• Medial, lateral, and posterior talocalcaneal ll. –
o Support weak joint capsule
Describe theTransverse Tarsal Joint of the Foot.
• Synovial joint
• Compound joint formed by 2 joints aligned transversely
- *o Talonavicular part** of talocalcaneonavicular joint
- *o Calcaneocuboid joint**
• Midfoot and forefoot rotate as a unit on hindfoot
o Around longitudinal axis
o Augments inversion/eversion movements happening at clinical subtalar joint
• Surgical amputation occurs at this joint
Describe the Features of the **Talonavicular **Joint
o Between head of talus and navicular
o Ball-and-socket type joint
Allows for rotary movements
Describe the ligaments of the Talonavicular Joint
• Plantarcalcaneonavicular (spring) l. –
o Fills gap between sustentaculum tali and posterior articular surface of talus
o Supports talar head
o Helps maintain medial longitudinal arch
• Bifurcate l. –
o 2 parts:
- * Calcaneonavicular l.**
- * Calcaneocuboid l. –**
• Forms one of the principal bonds between 1st and 2nd rows or tarsals
What type of joint is the Calcaneocuboid Joint and where it is located?
o Between anterior end of calcaneus and posterior surface of cuboid
o Plane type joint
Name the Ligaments of the **Calcaneocuboid Joint **and desribe them.
Ligaments:
• Dorsal calcaneocuboid l.
• Plantar calcaneocuboid (short plantar) l. –
o Between spring and long plantar ll.
o Helps maintain lateral longitudinal arch
• Long plantar l. –
o From plantar surface of calcaneus to groove of cuboid and metatarsals
o Forms tunnel for t. of fibularis longus
o Helps maintain lateral longitudinal arch
Describe the location of theTarsometatarsal Joints and what typre of joint and what it accomodates.
- Between anterior tarsals and bases of metatarsals
- Gliding type joint
- Accommodates changes in shape of transverse arch
What type of joints are the Metatarsophalangeal Joints?
- Abbreviated MP
- Synovial joints
What are the Features of the Metatarsophalangeal Joints?
- Heads of metatarsals articulate with bases of proximal phalanges
- Condyloid type joints
- Permits flexion/extension, ABD/ADD
Describe the Ligaments of the Metatarsophalangeal Joints?
• Medial collateral l.
• Lateral collateral l.
o The above have a dense cord-like part and thin fan-like parts
Fan-like parts attach to plantar ll. (plates)
• Transverse metatarsal l. –
o Hold heads of metacarpals together
Describe the Interphalangeal Joints and state what kind of joints and what two joints make them up.
- Abbreviated IP
- Synovial joints
• Have proximal interphalangeal joints (PIP)
o Between proximal and middle phalanges
• Have distal interphalangeal joints (DIP)
o Between middle and distal phalanges
