Gross Anatomy Exam II

Question 1

Boile’s Law

Answer 1

P1V1=P2V2
P= pressure
V= volume

Question 2

Principle behind Heimlich Maneuver

Answer 2

Decreases the volume, therefore, increasing the pressure to push air out

Question 3

One or more additional breast develops beyond normal

Answer 3

Polymastia

Question 4

One or more additional nipple develops beyond normal

Answer 4

Polythelia

Question 5

No breast development occurs

Answer 5

Amastia

Question 6

When a man unintentionally develops breast

Answer 6

gynecomastia

Question 7

Blood makes up ___% of body weight

Answer 7

8%

Question 8

Blood has a pH of ___ to ___

Answer 8

7.35 to 7.45 (slightly alkalid)

Question 9

Temperature of blood

Answer 9

38 C or 100.4 F

Question 10

Avg volume of blood

Answer 10

5-6 L (males)

4-5 L (females)

Question 11

Plasma makes up __ of blood

Answer 11

55%

Question 12

Formed elements (Erythrocytes and Buffy Coats)

Answer 12

Erythrocytes- 45%

Buffy Coats- 1%

Question 13

Blood Plasma

Answer 13

90% Water
8% Protein
2% of Plasma Volume

Question 14

Proteins of Plasma

Answer 14

Albumin- 60%
Globulins- 36%
Clotting Proteins- 4%

Question 15

How long do erythrocytes last?

Answer 15

100-120 days

Question 16

How long does it take for erythrocytes to develop?

Answer 16

5-7 days

Question 17

What does the Buffy Coat contain?

Answer 17

Leukocytes (WBC) and platelets

Question 18

Types of Granulocytes

Answer 18

Basophils, Eosinophils, Neutrophils

Question 19

Basophils

Answer 19

The rarest of WBCs
Represent 0.5-1% of the leukocytes
Histamine- filled granules
Release histamine

Question 20

Eosinophils

Answer 20

Represent 2-4% of the leukocytes
Important for response to parasitic worms
Reduce severity of allergies
Contain 2 lobule nuclei

Question 21

Neutrophils

Answer 21

Most numerous of the WBCs
Represent 50-70% of the WBCs
Responsible for attacking bacteria and some fungi
3-6 lobule nuclei 
Contain lysosomes

Question 22

Types of Agranulocytes

Answer 22

Lymphocytes & monocytes

Question 23

Lymphocytes

Answer 23

Account for 25% or more of the WBCs
Large nuclei (takes up majority of space in the cell)
Crucial role in immunity

Question 24

Monocytes

Answer 24

Active phagocytic cells
3-8% of WBCs
Defense against viruses, bacterial parasites, and chronic infections

Question 25

Hemostasis

Answer 25

Stoppage of bleeding

Question 26

Fibrinolysis

Answer 26

The process that breaks down clots when they are no longer needs

Question 27

Platelet Formation

Answer 27

Hemocytoblast –> Megakaryoblast –> Promegakaryocyte –> Megakaryocyte –> Platelets

Question 28

Hemorrhagic anemia

Answer 28

Low levels caused by blood loss

Question 29

Hemolytic anemia

Answer 29

Erthryocytes rupture or lyse prematurely

Question 30

What is platelet formation regulated by?

Answer 30

Thrombopoeitin

Question 31

Aplastic Anemia

Answer 31

Destruction or inhibition of red marrow by certain bacterial toxins, drugs or ionizing radiation

Question 32

Athlete’s Anemia

Answer 32

After vigorous athletic workouts where the blood volume may increase by as much as 15%

Question 33

Pernicious anemia

Answer 33

Resultant from a deficiency in Vitamin B12.

Question 34

Thalassemia

Answer 34

One hemoglobin chains is absent or faulty resulting in thin delicate erythrocytes

Question 35

Sickle Cell Anemia

Answer 35

A hereditary disorder that causes the abnormal formation of the beta hemoglobin to link together under low oxygen conditions causing the blood to take on a sickle like shape

Question 36

Polycythemia

Answer 36

High red blood cells

Question 37

Leukocytosis

Answer 37

High WBC

May indicate viral or bacterial infection, metabolic disease, hemorrhage or poisoning

Question 38

Leukopenia

Answer 38

Low WBC

May indicate typhoid fever, measles, infectious hepatitis or cirrhosis, or excessive antibody or x-ray therapy

Question 39

Thrombus

Answer 39

a clot that forms in an unbroken blood vessels

Question 40

Embolus

Answer 40

a thrombus that floats freely in the blood vessels