Gross Anatomy - Back Flashcards
What are the atypical features of atlas?
No body or spinous process
Anterior and posterior tubercles
Transverse ligament of atlas
What are the atypical features of axis?
Odontoid process (dens)
Superior articular facets flat to allow rotation
Features of typical cervical vertebrae?
Uncinate process on body
Transverse foramen
Body
Name the superficial intrinsic back muscles
Splenius captious and crevicis
Name the intermediate intrinsic back muscles
Erector spinae
- iliocostalis (lateral)
- Longissmus
- Spinalis (medial)
Deep intrinsic back muscles
Semispinalis multifidus rotatores Levator costarum interspinale intertransversari
What structure is found in transverse foramen?
Vertebral artery
Where is the groove of the spinal nerve situated?
between anterior and posterior tubercles of the transverse process
Joint classification between vertebral bodies (e.g.) IVD
Secondary cartilaginous
Joint classification between articular processes (facets)
zygapophysial
Synovial Plane joint
Origin and insertion of Trapezius
Descending part (superior fibers): From medial third of the superior nuchal line, external occipital protuberance to lateral third of clavicle
Transverse part (middle fibers): nuchal ligament attached to the spinous processes of C1-C6 vertebrae, spinous processes and supraspinous ligaments of vertebrae C7-T3 to medial acromial margin, superior crest of spine of scapula
Ascending part (inferior fibers): spinous processes and supraspinous ligaments of vertebrae T4-T12 to lateral apex of the medial end of scapular spine
(Medial 1/3rd superior nuchal line, nuchal ligament and spinous processes C7-T12 to lateral clavicle, acromion and spine of scapula)
Function and innervation of trapezius
- middle fibre retract scapula
- Spinal Accessory XI
Origin and insertion of lattisimus dorsi
Spinous processes T7-12, thoracolumbar fascia, iliac crest and lower 3/4 ribs to edge of bicipital groove on humerus
Function and innervation of lattisimus dorsi
Adducts, medially rotates and extends at glenohumeral joint.
Thoracodorsal nerve C6-8
Origin and insertion of rhomboid major
spinous processes of T2-5 to medial border of scapula.
Innervation of rhomboid major and minor
Dorsal scapular nerve (C4,5)
Origin and insertion of rhomboid minor
Nuchal ligament, spinous processes C7, T1 to medial end of scapular spine
innervation of rhomboid minor
dorsal scapular nerve C4,5
Origin and insertion of levator scapulae
Posterior tubercles of transverse processes C1-4 to medial border of scapula above spine
innervation of levator scapulae
C3,4 and dorsal scapular nerves
Name the extrinsic back muscles
Superficial
- Trapezius
- Lattisimus dorsi
- Rhomboid major/minor
- Levator scapulae
Intermediate
- Serrratus posterior inferior
- Serratus posterior anterior
origin and insertion of splenius muscles
Captitis - Nuchal lig to mastoid process
Cervicis - Nuchal lig to tubercles of transverse process C1-3
Parts of erector spinae
Medial - Spinalis
- Capitis
- Cervicis
- Thoracic
Longissmus
- thoracis
- cervicis
- capitus
Iliocostalis
- Lumborum
- Thoracicis
- Cervicis
Action of posterior longitudinal ligament
limits flexion
Reinforces IVD posteriorly
