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BMSc - Anatomy > Gross Anatomy - Back > Flashcards

Gross Anatomy - Back Flashcards

1
Q

What are the atypical features of atlas?

A

No body or spinous process

Anterior and posterior tubercles

Transverse ligament of atlas

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2
Q

What are the atypical features of axis?

A

Odontoid process (dens)

Superior articular facets flat to allow rotation

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3
Q

Features of typical cervical vertebrae?

A

Uncinate process on body

Transverse foramen

Body

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4
Q

Name the superficial intrinsic back muscles

A

Splenius captious and crevicis

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5
Q

Name the intermediate intrinsic back muscles

A

Erector spinae

  • iliocostalis (lateral)
  • Longissmus
  • Spinalis (medial)
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6
Q

Deep intrinsic back muscles

A 
Semispinalis 
multifidus 
rotatores
Levator costarum 
interspinale 
intertransversari
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7
Q

What structure is found in transverse foramen?

A

Vertebral artery

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8
Q

Where is the groove of the spinal nerve situated?

A

between anterior and posterior tubercles of the transverse process

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9
Q

Joint classification between vertebral bodies (e.g.) IVD

A

Secondary cartilaginous

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10
Q

Joint classification between articular processes (facets)

A

zygapophysial

Synovial Plane joint

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11
Q

Origin and insertion of Trapezius

A

Descending part (superior fibers): From medial third of the superior nuchal line, external occipital protuberance to lateral third of clavicle

Transverse part (middle fibers): nuchal ligament attached to the spinous processes of C1-C6 vertebrae, spinous processes and supraspinous ligaments of vertebrae C7-T3 to medial acromial margin, superior crest of spine of scapula

Ascending part (inferior fibers): spinous processes and supraspinous ligaments of vertebrae T4-T12 to lateral apex of the medial end of scapular spine

(Medial 1/3rd superior nuchal line, nuchal ligament and spinous processes C7-T12 to lateral clavicle, acromion and spine of scapula)

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12
Q

Function and innervation of trapezius

A
  • middle fibre retract scapula

- Spinal Accessory XI

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13
Q

Origin and insertion of lattisimus dorsi

A

Spinous processes T7-12, thoracolumbar fascia, iliac crest and lower 3/4 ribs to edge of bicipital groove on humerus

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14
Q

Function and innervation of lattisimus dorsi

A

Adducts, medially rotates and extends at glenohumeral joint.

Thoracodorsal nerve C6-8

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15
Q

Origin and insertion of rhomboid major

A

spinous processes of T2-5 to medial border of scapula.

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16
Q

Innervation of rhomboid major and minor

A

Dorsal scapular nerve (C4,5)

17
Q

Origin and insertion of rhomboid minor

A

Nuchal ligament, spinous processes C7, T1 to medial end of scapular spine

18
Q

innervation of rhomboid minor

A

dorsal scapular nerve C4,5

19
Q

Origin and insertion of levator scapulae

A

Posterior tubercles of transverse processes C1-4 to medial border of scapula above spine

20
Q

innervation of levator scapulae

A

C3,4 and dorsal scapular nerves

21
Q

Name the extrinsic back muscles

A

Superficial

  • Trapezius
  • Lattisimus dorsi
  • Rhomboid major/minor
  • Levator scapulae

Intermediate

  • Serrratus posterior inferior
  • Serratus posterior anterior
22
Q

origin and insertion of splenius muscles

A

Captitis - Nuchal lig to mastoid process

Cervicis - Nuchal lig to tubercles of transverse process C1-3

23
Q

Parts of erector spinae

A

Medial - Spinalis

  • Capitis
  • Cervicis
  • Thoracic

Longissmus

  • thoracis
  • cervicis
  • capitus

Iliocostalis

  • Lumborum
  • Thoracicis
  • Cervicis
24
Q

Action of posterior longitudinal ligament

A

limits flexion

Reinforces IVD posteriorly

25
Q

Action of anterior longitudinal ligament

A

Limits extension

26
Q

Action of ligamentum flavum

A

Connects adjacent laminae

reinforces vertebral canal posteriorly

Limits flexion

27
Q

Action of interspinous ligament

A

Connects spinous processes

28
Q

Action of nuchal ligament

A

Limits flexion

Site of muscle attachment

BMSc - Anatomy (4 decks)

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