Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Cognitive Neuroscience > Gross Anatomy and Localisation of Function > Flashcards

Gross Anatomy and Localisation of Function Flashcards

1
Q

Cell body

A

Most prominent part of cell
Filled with cytoplasm and cytosol
Contains nucleus, RER, SER, golgi apparatus, mitochondria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Neuronal membrane

A

Barrier that encloses the cytoplasm
Studded with proteins; pump substances in/out of cell, regulates which substance gain entry to cell
Structure of discrete membrane influences neuronal function

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Cytoskeleton

A

Not static
Internal scaffolding of neuronal membrane
Made of microtubules, microfilaments and neurofilaments

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Cytoskeleton - microtubules

A

Protein transfer down the axon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Cytoskeleton - microfilaments

A

allows cell to change shape

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Cytoskeleton - neurofilaments

A

Mechanically strong

Holds skeleton together

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Alzheimers and the Cytoskeleton

A

Loss of brain function as a result of damage to the cytoskeleton
- Shinkage: atrophy occurs
- Tau proteins become defective (braids unwind); neurofibrillary tangles
Severity of alzheimers correlates with number, distribution of neurofibrillary

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Axonal Structures

A 
Axon hillock (beginning) 
Axon proper (middle) 
Axon terminal (end)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Axon vs Soma

A

ER doesn’t extend into axon

Unique protein composition

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Dendrites

A

Number of dendrites determines number of synapses that can be formed

  • collect info from many neurons
  • more synapses = more info to process, integrate
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Glia Cells

A

Astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, ependymal cells, microglia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Astrocytes

A

Fills space between neurons

Regulate chemical content if extracellular space (can interfere with function of the neuron)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Myelinating glia

A

Oligodendrocytes (CNS) and schwann cells (PNS)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Oligodendrocyte/Schwann cells

A

Provides layers of membrane insulating the axon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Multiple Sclerosis

A

Progressive neurological disease that destroys myelin
Impacts on conduction
Eventually causes the neurons to die
= muscular weakness, tremor, impaired coordination, visual problems

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Ependymal Cells

A

Lines the fluid filled ventricles

Plays a role in cell birth and migration during brain development

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Microglia

A

Function as phagocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Layers of the Spinal cord

A

Skull, dura mater, arachnoid layer, pia mater, subarachnoid space

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Subarachnoid hemorrhage

A

Bleeding into subarachnoid space

Can either occur spotaneously or caused by trauma

20
Q

Ventricles

A 
Creates CSF 
Carries nutrients to the brain 
Removes debris 
Provides cushioning 
Provides buoyancy
21
Q

Hydrocephalus

A

Obstruction within the ventricular system

22
Q

Epidural Hematoma

A

bleeding between the dura mater and the skull

23
Q

Subdural hematoma

A

Bleeding between the arachnoid mater and dura mater
Ventricle functioning impaired; not as buoyant, not as efficient in producing CSF/removing debris, affects surrounding tissue

24
Q

Cerebrum

A

Major structure of the forebrain

Consists of two identical hemisphere

25
Q

Cerebellum

A

Coordination of motor, other mental processes

26
Q

Brain stem

A

Central structures of the brain
Hind brain, mid brain, thalamus, hypothalamus, pons, medulla
Responsible for unconscious behaviour

27
Q

Pons

A

hearing, equilibrium, taste, facial sensation, sleep

Locked in syndrome - extremely paralysed, affects all aspects, cognition intact

28
Q

Medulla

A

breathing, heart rate, blood pressure, swallowing

29
Q

Brainstem stroke

A

affects motor pathways (dysarthria, swallowing)

30
Q

Gyrus

A

Small bump; folding of cerebral cortex

31
Q

Sulci

A

Groove; found in neocortex, cerebellum

Responsible for large surface area

32
Q

Fissure

A

Very deep sulcus

33
Q

Internal Brain Features

A 
Grey matter (cell bodies, nuclei) 
White matter (myelinated axons) 
Ventricles
34
Q

Corpus Callosum

A

Fibre system connecting the two cerebral hemispheres
Allows communication between the two hemispheres
Dense bands of fibres/white matter sheets
Bands of axons
200 million fibres

35
Q

Four Ventricles

A

Two lateral ventricles
Third ventricle
Fourth ventricle

36
Q

Occipital Lobe

A

Cortical processing of visual info

37
Q

Pure alexia without agraphia

A

Occipital lobe affected

Total inability to read, writing isnt affected

38
Q

Temporal lobe

A

Includes auditory cortex and wernicke’s area (important for language comprehension)

39
Q

Medial temporal cortex

A

Hippocampus, memory, alzheimers/amnesias

40
Q

Prefrontal cortex

A

Largest region of the brain
Supports cognitive functions (planning, inhibition, problem-solving, organisation, impulse control, adjust/regulate behaviour)
Issues = depression, schizophrenia

41
Q

Primary Motor Cortex

A

Volitional non-reflexive mocememnt

42
Q

Broca’s Area

A

Speech production

Comprehension-focussed

43
Q

Frontotemporal dementia

A

Apathy, withdrawal, irritability, self-centredness, difficulty reasoning,lack of judgement, emotionally distant, criminal behaviour, obessions and compulsions, false thoughts and delusions, overeating and food fads, diminished social tact

44
Q

Parietal Lobe

A

Temperature, touch, awareness of body in space, critical for swallowing
Parietal stroke - not integrating touch, visual neglect

45
Q

Association cortex

A

Higher order functions

Integrating info

Cognitive Neuroscience (11 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions