Gross Anatomy and Histology

Question 1

Identify the structures that comprise the periodontium

Answer 1

• gingiva
• periodontal ligament
• alveolar bone
• cementum

Question 2

What are the margins of the unattached gingiva?

Answer 2

base of sulcus to gingival margin

Question 3

What is the location of the gingival sulcus?

Answer 3

The space between the tooth and the marginal gingiva

Question 4

What is the location of the attached gingiva?

Answer 4

base of gingival sulcus to mucogingival junction

Question 5

Where is the interdental papilla?

Answer 5

fills interdental space

Question 6

Describe the MGJ

Answer 6

• attached gingiva meets alveolar mucosa

- non-keratinized

Question 7

what color are healthy gingiva?

Answer 7

Pink (may have physiologic pigmentation)

Question 8

what color are inflamed gingiva?

Answer 8

red or bluish-magenta

Question 9

what is the contour of healthy gingiva?

Answer 9

knife-edge

Question 10

what is the contour of inflamed gingiva?

Answer 10

• enlarged, rolled, rounded

- papillary gingiva enlarged, blunted, cratered

Question 11

what is the texture of healthy gingiva?

Answer 11

stippled OR smooth

Question 12

What are the borders of the oral epithelium?

Answer 12

• gingival margin to the MGJ

- faces the oral cavity

Question 13

How long does it take a cell to transverse the oral epithelium?

Answer 13

10 days

Question 14

What is a Rete Peg?

Answer 14

interdigitation of CT papilla and epithelial ridges

Question 15

What is the function of rete pegs?

Answer 15

Increase SA for better attachment of oral epithelium to CT

Question 16

Where is the sulcular epithelium?

Answer 16

• Faces tooth

- from gingival margin to junctional epithelium

Question 17

Is the sulcular epithelium keratinized or non-keratinized?

Answer 17

Non-keratinized

makes tissue more susceptible to bacterial invasion

Question 18

Where is the junctional epithelium?

Answer 18

• surrounds each tooth

- located at base of gingival sulcus (below sulcular epith)

Question 19

How long does it take cells to move across the junctional epithelium?

Answer 19

4 days

Question 20

Describe cell renewal in the junctional epithelium?

Answer 20

• self-renewing
• mitosis occurs in all layers
• cell migration provides continuous attachment to tooth

Question 21

The junctional epithelium attaches to…

Answer 21

cementum

Question 22

What are the 4 boundaries of the gingival sulcus?

Answer 22

• free gingiva
• tooth
• gingival margin
• junctional epithelium

Question 23

The primary cell in the gingival CT

Answer 23

fibroblast

Question 24

The primary fiber type in the gingival CT

Answer 24

collagen

Question 25

Gingival crevicular fluid is found in…

Answer 25

• gingival sulcus

- inflamed gingiva

Question 26

Which gingival tissues are keratinized?

Answer 26

• marginal gingiva

- attached gingiva

Question 27

Col

Answer 27

• dip in tissue

- describes interdental papilla of posterior teeth

Question 28

Position of marginal gingiva relative to CEJ

Answer 28

1-3mm coronal to CEJ

Question 29

What is the function of gingival CT

Answer 29

Fibers run throughout the gingiva to support tissues and attachment to tooth or bone

Question 30

Periodontal Ligament function

Answer 30

-surrounds root and connects tooth to bone

Question 31

What are Sharpey’s Fibers?

Answer 31

terminal part of the PDL that inserts into cementum or bone

Question 32

The alveolar process is composed of:

Answer 32

• alveolar bone proper
• cancellous bone
• compact bone

Question 33

Which bone is thicker: anterior or posterior?

Answer 33

posterior (due to occlusal forces)

Question 34

What is a fenestration?

Answer 34

a “window” of bone loss on the F or L surface of the root; the exposed root surface is in direct contact with alveolar mucosa or gingiva

Question 35

What is dehiscence?

Answer 35

loss of alveolar bone on the facial aspect of the root creating a root-exposed defect apical to the CEJ

Question 36

Name the 2 types of cementum:

Answer 36

Primary

Secondary

Question 37

Primary cementum

Answer 37

• acellular
• lots of Sharpey’s fibers embedded
• cervical 1/3 of root

Question 38

Secondary cementum

Answer 38

• cellular – has cementocytes
• Sharpey’s fibers and lots of others
• apical 1/3 of root