Diagnosis of diseases

Question 1

Differentiate btw gingivitis and periodontitis

Answer 1

gingivitis involves inflammation of the gingiva WITHOUT attachment loss; periodontitis includes attachment loss

Question 2

Describe the clinical features of gingivitis

Answer 2

[color, consistency, contour]

• gingiva is: red, edema, enlarged
• bleeding on probing

Question 3

What causes edema in gingivitis?

Answer 3

breakdown of collagen fibers

Question 4

What causes bleeding during probing in gingivitis?

Answer 4

The sulcular epithelium is ulcerated

Question 5

Describe the clinical pattern of gingivitis (extent and severity)

Answer 5

Extent = localized or generalized
Severity = mild, moderate, severe

Question 6

Name 1 histological characteristic of gingivitis:

Answer 6

-apical migration of the junctional epithelium (WITHOUT attachment loss)

Question 7

Plaque-induced gingivitis can be mediated by what factors:

Answer 7

• hormonal changes
• diabetes
• medication

Question 8

What classes of drugs can induce gingival enlargement?

Answer 8

• anti-convulsants (ie. Dilantin)
• Ca channel blockers
• cyclosporin A (immunosuppressant)

Question 9

What are the causes of non-plaque induced gingivitis?

Answer 9

• viruses (ie. herpes)
• mucocutaneous disorders
• allergic rxns
• genetics

Question 10

Name a gingival lesion caused by genetics?

Answer 10

Hereditary Gingival Fibromatosis

Question 11

What are the 6 clinical features of periodontitis?

Answer 11

• loss of attachment
• inflammation of gingiva
• deep pockets (over 3mm)
• tooth mobility
• radiographic bone loss
• bleeding

Question 12

Describe the clinical pattern of periodontitis

Answer 12

• extent: localized, generalized

- severity: slight, moderate, severe

Question 13

Slight periodontitis

Answer 13

CAL = 1-2mm
Probing depth = 3-5mm
bleeding
BL = 15% of root, 2-3mm

Question 14

Moderate periodontitis

Answer 14

CAL = 3-4mm
Probing depth = 5-7mm
bleeding
BL = 16-30% of root, 3-5mm

Question 15

Severe periodontitis

Answer 15

CAL = 5+mm
probing depth = 7+mm
bleeding
BL = >30%, 5+mm

Question 16

CAL loss measurements in periodontitis

Answer 16

Slight = 1-2mm
Moderate = 3-4mm
Severe = 5+mm

Question 17

What is aggressive periodontitis?

Answer 17

• distinct disease that affects healthy people
• familial aggregation
• rapid rate of disease progression
• onset

Question 18

Name 1 distinct clinical feature of aggressive periodontitis

Answer 18

at least 4mm of A.L.

Question 19

Clinical features of aggressive periodontitis are similar to those of…

Answer 19

chronic periodontitis

Question 20

What are the 2 clinical patterns of aggressive periodontitis?

Answer 20

• localized = ONLY 1st molars or incisors

- generalized = 3 other teeth AND 1st molars or incisors

Question 21

Periodontitis can be caused by these diseases:

Answer 21

• hematologic disorders (ie. Leukemia)
• immune disorders (ie. HIV)
• genetic disorders (ie. Down Syndrome)

Question 22

NUG

Answer 22

• an acute infection of the gingiva
• no attachment loss
• necrotic tissue
• grey pseudomembrane

Question 23

What are the histological features of NUG?

Answer 23

• ulcerated epithelium
• severe inflammation
• necrotic tissue
• presence of spirochetes

Question 24

NUP

Answer 24

NUG + attachment loss

Question 25

NUG and NUP are commonly associated with what disease?

Answer 25

HIV/AIDS

Question 26

Name the 3 types of abscesses:

Answer 26

• gingival
• periodontal
• combined perio/endo

Question 27

A gingival abscess is found in what tissue?

Answer 27

marginal gingiva or interdental papilla

Question 28

What are the defining features of a periodontal abscess?

Answer 28

• increased probing depth
• increased tooth mobility
• rapid attachment loss
• due to destruction of PDL and alveolar bone

Question 29

What are some other causes of periodontal disease?

Answer 29

• defective restorations
• tooth fractures
• enamel pearls