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USMLE STEP 1 > Gross Anatomy > Flashcards

Gross Anatomy Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Structure directly posterior to the thymus

A

Left brachiocephalic vein

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2
Q

Pancoast tumor in the left with decreased radial pulse

A

Left subclavian Artery

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3
Q

Closes patent ductus arteriosus

A

Increase in oxygen tension

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4
Q

Acute IM of IV septum.

What is the occluded vessel?

A

Left Anterior Descending Artery

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5
Q

Male factors of gonad development

A

TDF
testosterone
MIF

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6
Q

Local of implantation of tubal ectopic pregnancy

A

Ampulla

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7
Q

Syncytiotrophobalst has mitotic activity?

A

NO!!

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8
Q

Layers of epiderm

A 
Basal
Spinosum
Granulosum
Lucidum
Corneum
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9
Q

Anti desmossomal
Painful blisters
Oropharynx
Hyperpigmentation

A

Pemphigus vulgaris

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10
Q

Anti hemidesmossomal
Widespread blisters
Pruritus
No mucosa

A

Pemphigus bullous

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11
Q

Treatment of pemphigus

A

Corticosteroids

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12
Q

Kartagener syndrome

A

Absence of dynein

Imotile cilia

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13
Q

Gastroschisis

A

Failure of lateral body folds

Exit body wall in the amniotic cavity

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14
Q

Inhibits microtubule assembly

A

Colchicine

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15
Q

Location of lumbar puncture

A

L4 L5

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16
Q

Supra ventricular sentinel nodes

A

Metastasis below the diaphragm

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17
Q

Thoracocentesis

A

Midaxilary line between 9th and 10th rib

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18
Q

Last layer pierced by needle

A

Parietal pleura

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19
Q

Main bronchus of aspiration of foreign body

A

Right

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20
Q

Murmur of patent ductus arteriosus

A

Machine-like murmur

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21
Q

Primitive layer of gut tube

A

Endoderm

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22
Q

Boundries of hellselbach triangle

A

Lateral: inferior epigastric vein
Medial: rectus abdominalis muscle
Inferior: inguinal ligament

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23
Q

Boundries of femoral triangle

A

Inguinal canal
Adductor longus
Femoral vein

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24
Q

Arterial supply of foregut

A

Celiac artery

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25
Q

Arterial supply mindgut

A

Superior mesenteric

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26
Q

Arterial supply of hindgut

A

Inferior mesenteric

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27
Q

Referred pain of foregut

A

Epigastrium

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28
Q

Referred pain of midgut

A

Umbilical

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29
Q

Referred pain of hindgut

A

Hypogastrium

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30
Q

Layer origin of the spleen

A

Mesoderm

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31
Q

Arterial supply of duodenum

A

Celiac + superior mesenteric

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32
Q

Arterial supply of the spleen

A

Celiac artery

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33
Q

Arterial supply of transverse colon

A

Superior + inferior mesenteric

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34
Q

Arterial supply of jejunum

A

Superior mesenteric

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35
Q

Arterial supply of the liver

A

Celiac artery

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36
Q

Parasympathetic innervation of the gallbladder

A

Vagis nerve

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37
Q

Contents of hepatoduodenal ligament

A

Common bile duct
Proper hepatic artery
Hepatic portal vein

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38
Q

Ulcer in posterior abdomen wall where the stomach content will go first

A

Omental bursa

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39
Q

Faulty ventral bud rotation of the pancreas

A

Annular pancreas

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40
Q

Annular pancreas OB complication

A

Polyhydramnio

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41
Q

Hypertrophic pyloric stenosis presentation

A

Projectile, non bilious vomiting

“Olive” at the right costal margin

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42
Q

Hypertrophic pyloric stenosis OB complication

A

Polyhydramnios

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43
Q

Duodenal atresia OB complication

A

Polyhydramnios

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44
Q

Presentation of infant with duodenal atresia

A

Bile-containing vomitus

Distended stomach

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45
Q

Name of the sign when there is annular pancreas + duodenal atresia

A

Double bubble sign

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46
Q

Which syndrome is most common to see duodenal atresia?

A

Down’s syndrome

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47
Q

Omphalocele herniates through ________ of the umbilical ring

Gastroschisis herniates through ______ of the umbilical ring

A

Directly; right

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48
Q

What protein elevates in omphalocele and gastroschisis

A

Alfa feto protein

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49
Q

Location of Meckel Diverticulum

A

2 feet from the ileocecal junction

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50
Q

Hirschsprung’s disease

A

Colonic Aganglionosis

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51
Q

Where in the gut tube Colonic aganglionosis affects

A

Hindgut

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52
Q

Colonic Aganglionosis presentation

A

Loss of peristalsis
Immobility of hindgut
Fecal retention
Megacolon

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53
Q

Tetralogy of Fallot presentation

A

Pulmonary stenosis
Membranous IV septal defect
Right ventricular hypertrophy
Overriding aorta

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54
Q

High blood pressure in head/neck and upper limbs with low blood pressure in lower limbs (low pulse)

A

Coarctation of the aorta

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55
Q

Tricuspid stenosis

A

Diastolic murmur

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56
Q

Tricuspid insufficiency

A

Systolic murmur

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57
Q

Mitral stenosis

A

Diastolic murmur

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58
Q

Mitral insufficiency

A

Systolic murmur

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59
Q

Pulmonary stenosis

A

Systolic murmur

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60
Q

Aortic stenosis

A

Systolic murmur

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61
Q

Pulmonary insufficiency

A

Diastolic murmur

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62
Q

Aortic insufficiency

A

Diastolic murmur

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63
Q

Layer of IV septum

A

Neural crest cells

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64
Q

Late cyanosis heart defect

A

Ventricular septal defect

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65
Q

Cyanotic congenital heart defects (3)

A

Tetralogy of fallot
Transposition of great vessels
Tricuspid atresia

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66
Q

Transposition of great vessels

A

Aorta arises from right ventricle
Pulmonary trunk arises from left ventricle
Other heart defects

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67
Q

Maternal pathology associated with transposition of great vessels

A

Diabetic (type 1)

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68
Q

Left coronary artery branches

A

Anterior descending interventricular

Circumflex artery

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69
Q

Diaphragm hiatus (and places)

A

Inferior vena cava (T8)
Esophagus (T10)
Aorta (T12)

I 8 10 eggs at 12

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70
Q

Layer of gut tube

A

Endoderm

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71
Q

Regulates peristalsis

A

Auerbach’s plexus

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72
Q

Celiac trunk branches

A

Left gastric artery
Splenic artery
Common hepatic artery

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73
Q

Blood supply greater curvature of stomach

A

Right and left gastroepiploic

74
Q

Gastroduodenal artery is branch of where?

A

Common hepatic artery

75
Q

Gastroepiploic artery perforation, where will the blood goes?

A

Greater omentum

76
Q

Blood supply lesser curvature of stomach

A

Left gastric artery

77
Q

Blood supply of fundus of stomach

A

Gastric arteries (splenic artery branches)

78
Q

Posterior duodenal wall ulcer affects which artery?

A

Gastroduodenal

79
Q

Blood supply of appendix

A

Ileocolic artery

80
Q

Blood supply ascending colon

A

Right colic artery

81
Q

Proximal 2/3 transverse blood supply

A

Middle colic artery

82
Q

Distal 1/3 transverse colon blood supply

A

Left colic artery

83
Q

Sudden blood pressure drop will cause bowel ischemia where

A

Splenic flexure

84
Q

Portocaval anastomosis

A

Wall of esophagus
Wall of anal canal
Capital Medusa

85
Q

Layer of kidney and ureter

A

Mesoderm

86
Q

What induces the definitive kidney ?

A

Mesonephric duct (ureterite bud)

87
Q

Layer of bladder and urethra

A

Endoderm

88
Q

Potter’s sequence

A

Clubbed feet
Pulmonary hypoplasia
Craniofacial anormalities

89
Q

Patent urachus clinical

A

Urine drainage in the umbilicus

90
Q

3 sites of ureteral blockage

A

Renal pelvis joins ureter
Ureter crosses the pelvic inlet
Ureter enters the wall of the urinary bladder

91
Q

Gene of ovary induction

A

Wnt4

92
Q

Garthner cyst

A

Mesonephric duct degenerates

93
Q

Cause of female ambiguous genitalia

A

Congenital adrenal hyperplasia

94
Q

Cause of male ambiguous genitalia

A

5 alfa reductase 2 deficiency

95
Q

Innervation of serratus anterior

A

Long thoracic nerve

96
Q

Nerve and muscle responsible of thumb opposition

A

Median nerve and thenar compartiment

97
Q

Flex metacarpalphalangeal joint muscle

A

Lumbricals

98
Q

Lumbricals of digits 2 and 3

A

Median nerve

99
Q

Extend interphalangeal muscles

A

Median nerve

100
Q

Split fingers

A

Ulnar

101
Q

Lumbricals digit 4 and 5

A

Ulnar nerve

102
Q

Hypothenar compartiment

A

Ulnar nerve

103
Q

Abduction of the arm after 15o

A

Deltoid

104
Q

Innervation of deltoid

A

Axilary

105
Q

Abduction of the arm 0-15o

A

Supraspinatus

106
Q

Teres minor innervation

A

Axilary

107
Q

Wrist pronation

A

Median

108
Q

Thumb extension

A

Radial nerve

109
Q

Extension of MP joint

A

Radial nerve

110
Q

Rotator cuff muscles

A

Supraspinatus
Infraspinatus
Teres minor
Subscapularis

111
Q

Innervation latissimus dorso

A

Thoracodorsal

112
Q

Sensory lateral forearm

A

Musculocutaneous

113
Q

Sensory medial forearm

A

Ulnar

114
Q

Supination of arm

A

Musculocutaneous

115
Q

Upper trunk lesion

A

Erb Duchenne Palsy

116
Q

Lower trunk lesion

A

Klumpke’s palsy

117
Q

Ape hand

A

Median nerve lesion

Can’t oppose thumb

118
Q

Mid shaft humerus fracture

A

Radial nerve

119
Q

Saturday night palsy

A

Radial nerve at axilla

120
Q

Supracondylar fracture of humerus

A

Median nerve

121
Q

Carpal tunnel syndrome

A

Median

122
Q

Fracture of hook of hamate

A

Ulnar nerve

123
Q

Fracture of surgical neck of humerus

A

Axillary

124
Q

Winged scapula

A

Long thoracic nerve

125
Q

May be injuried by mastectomy

A

Long thoracic nerve

126
Q

Artery affected in supracondylar fracture

A

Brachial artery

127
Q

Artery injuried in surgical neck of humerus fracture

A

Posterior humeral circumflex artery

128
Q

Mid shaft of humerus artery affected

A

Deep brachii artery

129
Q

Most fracture wrist bone

A

Scaphoid

130
Q

Most dislocated wrist bone

A

Lunates

131
Q

Extend knee

Flex hip

A

Femoral nerve

132
Q

Adduct thight

A

Obturator

133
Q

Flex knee

Extend thigh

A

Tibial nerve

134
Q

Plantar flexion

A

Tibial

135
Q

Inversion of foot

A

Tibial

136
Q

Dorsiflexion

A

Deep fibular

137
Q

Eversion of foot

A

Superficial fibular

138
Q

Abduct hip

A

Superior gluteal

139
Q

Extension of hip

A

Inferior gluteal

140
Q

Tremdelenburg gait

A

Superior gluteal

141
Q

Sensory loss medial thigh

A

Obturator

142
Q

Sensory loss anterior thigh, medial leg and foot

A

Femoral

143
Q

Not able to be on tip of the toe

A

Tibial

144
Q

Foot drop

A

Deep fibular

145
Q

Altered sensation of dorsum of the foot

A

Common fibular nerve

146
Q

Artery lesioned by neck of the femur fracture

A

Medial circumflex femoral

147
Q

Anterior drawer sign

A

Lesion anterior cruciate

148
Q

Posterior drawer sign

A

Posterior cruciate

149
Q

Cause of thoracic outlet syndrome

A

Pancoast tumor

150
Q

Thoracic outlet syndrome compress

A

Brachial plexus and subclavian artery

151
Q

Thoracic outlet syndrome clinical

A

Horner’s syndrome

Hoarseness

152
Q

Epidural hematoma main branch affected

A

Middle meningeal artery

153
Q

Horner’s syndrome

A

Myosis
Ptosis
Anhidrosis

154
Q

Pharyngeal pouches layer

A

Endoderm

155
Q

Pharyngeal pouche 1 nerve

A

V

156
Q

Pharyngeal pouche 2 nerve

A

VII

157
Q

Pharyngeal pouch 3 nerve

A

IX

158
Q

Pharyngeal pouch 4 nerve

A

X

159
Q

Pharyngeal pouch 5 nerve

A

X

160
Q

Remanescentes of pharyngeal clefts

A

External auditory meatus

161
Q

What structure is formed at lateral board of pharyngeal pouch 1 and medial board of cleft 1?

A

Tympanic membrane

162
Q

DiGeorge sequence cause

A

Failure of Pharyngeal pouches 3 and 4

163
Q

DiGeorge Sequence

A 
CATCH 22 
Cardiac abnormality 
Abnormal faces
Thymic aplasia
Cleft palate
Hypocalcemia
Hypoparathyroidism
164
Q

Chromosome mutation of DiGeorge sequence

A

22

165
Q

What are the two first arch syndrome?

A

Treacher Collins

Robin sequence

166
Q

Treacher Collins

A 
Mandibular hypoplasia
Zygomatic hypoplasia
Down-slanted pálpebras fissures
Colobomas 
Malformated ears
167
Q

Robin sequence

A

Poor mandibular growth
Cleft palate
Posterior tonge

168
Q

Epidural hematoma clinic

A

Momentary loss of conscious
Lucid period
Mass effect

169
Q

Subdural hematoma image

A

Crescent shape

170
Q

Who produces MIF

A

Sertoli cells

171
Q

Gastroesplenic ligament

A

Connects greater curvature to spleen
Short gastric arteries
Left gastroepiploic vessels

172
Q

Left renal vein is _____ the right (longer/shorter)

A

Longer

173
Q

Causes klumpke’s palsy

A

Excessive abduction of the arm

174
Q

Superior trunk brachial plexus

A

C5-C6

175
Q

Middle trunk brachial plexus

A

C6-C7

176
Q

Inferior trunk brachial plexus

A

C8-T1

177
Q

Roots of long thoracic nerve

A

C5-C7

178
Q

Movement of serratus anterior

A

Abduct arm beyond 90 degrees

179
Q

Anal canal below pectinate line and scrotum lymph drainage

A

Superficial inguinal lymphonodes

180
Q

Lymph drainage to testes and ovaries

A

Deep para-aortic plexus

181
Q

Wrist extension

A

Radial nerve

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