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Unit 9 > Gross Anatomy > Flashcards

Gross Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

The radial nerve runs though the ______ groove

A

radial groove

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2
Q

The brachial plexus roots are from ___ to ___

A

C5-T1

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3
Q

What artery and nerve pass through the quadrangular space?

A
  1. Axillary nerve

2. Posterior humeral circumflex artery

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4
Q

Levator scapula, Trapezius, Rhomboid major/minor, Serratus anterior, Pectoralis major/minor,Latissimus dorsi

Are (intrinsic/extrinsic) muscles

A

Extrinsic

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5
Q

Shoulder muscles that connect the arm to the axial skeleton are (intrinsic/extrinsic)

A

extrinsic

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6
Q

Shoulder muscles that connect the clavicle or scapula to the humerus are (intrinsic/extrinsic)

A

intrinsic

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7
Q

The triangle formed by the latissimus dorsi, lower trapezius and the rhomboid major is the _______ __ ______

A

Triangle of auscultation

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8
Q

The triangle formed by the Teres minor, Teres major and long head of the triceps is called the _____ _____

A

Triangular space

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9
Q

The triangle formed by the Teres major, Long head of the triceps and the humerus are is called the ______ ______

A

Triangular interval

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10
Q

Which nerve roots contribute to the musculocutaneous nerve?

A

C5, 6, 7

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11
Q

Which nerve roots contribute to the radial nerve?

A

C5, 6, 7, 8, and T1

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12
Q

Which nerve roots contribute to ulnar nerve?

A

C8 + T1

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13
Q

The subclavian artery becomes the axillary artery at the __________

A

(lateral margin of) the first rib

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14
Q

The axillary artery becomes the brachial artery at the _______

A

(lower margin of the) Teres Major

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15
Q

The circumflex scapular artery anastomoses with what 2 arteries?

A
  1. Transverse scapular artery

2. Transverse cervical artery

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16
Q

Which artery branches from the first part of the axillary artery?

A

Superior thoracic artery

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17
Q

Which muscles are in the anterior (flexor) compartment of the arm? (3)

A
  1. Biceps brachii
  2. Brachialis
  3. Coracobrachialis
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18
Q

Which vein can you draw blood from in the cubital fossa?

A

Medial Cubital Vein

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19
Q

What nerve supplies the anterior (flexor) compartment of the arm?

A
  1. Biceps brachii
  2. Brachialis
  3. Coracobrachialis
    all Musculocutaneous Nerve
  4. Brachioradialis by radial nerve
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20
Q

What muscles are in the posterior compartment of the arm? (2)

A
  1. Triceps brachii

2. Anconeus

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21
Q

What nerve innervates the muscles in the posterior compartment of the arm?

A

Radial Nerve

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22
Q

What are the three components of the medial (ulnar) collateral ligaments?

A
  1. anterior
  2. posterior and
  3. oblique bands
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23
Q

The radial ligament is also called the (medial/lateral) ligamnet

A

medial

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24
Q

What is the main artery in the posterior compartment of the forearm?

A

the posterior interosseous (branch of the common interosseous)

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25
Q

In a nurse maid’s elbow, the radius is pulled out of what ligament?

A

the annular ligament

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26
Q

The biceps brachii only works if the forearm is (supine/prone)

A

supine

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27
Q

Tommy John surgery is used to fix the ________

A

ulnar collateral ligament

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28
Q

Fingers are abducted (spread) by the (dorsal/palmar) interossei

A

dorsal

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29
Q

Fingers are adducted together by the (dorsal/palmar) interossei

A

palmar

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30
Q

Ulnar deviation with the thumb held down will create pain in ________ Syndrome

A

De Quervain’s Syndrome

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31
Q

The raised area on the palm of the hand near the thumb is called the _______ _______

A

thenar eminance

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32
Q

Digits have ligaments on wither side of them called _____ _____ and _____ _____ ligaments

A

ulnar collateral ligaments and radial collateral ligaments

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33
Q

Which nerve is aggravated in carpal tunnel syndrome?

A

Medial nerve

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34
Q

The thenar muscles control which digit?

A

thumb

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35
Q

What helps distribute the weight on the hand during a FOOSH (fall on outstretched hand)?

A

the TFC: triangular fibrocartilage complex

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36
Q

What nerve innervates the hypothenar eminence?

A

the ulnar nerve

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37
Q

Which two arteries contribute to the deep palmar arch of the hand?

A
  1. radial artery

2. ulnar artery

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38
Q

What nerve innervates the adductor pollicis?

A

deep branch of ulnar

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39
Q

The boutonniere deformity of the hand can be caused by a rupture of the ______ ______

A

central band

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40
Q

Damage to the insertion of the lateral slips of the finger can cause _______ _______

A

mallet finger

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41
Q

the long thoracic nerve comes from the brachial plexus roots _____ to _____

A

C5 to C7

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42
Q

The long thoracic nerve innervates _______

A

serratus anterior

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43
Q

What three nerves come from the posterior cord of the brachial plexus?

A
  1. lower sub-scapular (C5,6)
  2. thoracodorsal (C6,7,8)
  3. upper sub-scapular (C5,6)
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44
Q

What muscle does the thoracodorsal (middle sub-scapular) nerve innervate?

A

latissimus dorsi

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45
Q

A lesion at the level of the root is called a _______

A

radiculopathy

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46
Q

Retraction of the scapular is done primarily by the _____ and ______ muscles

A

rhomboid major and rhomboid minor muscles

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47
Q

What nerve goes through the supra-scapular notch?

A

the supra-scapular nerve

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48
Q

The supraspinatous and infraspinatous muscles are innervated by the ________ nerve

A

supra-scapular nerve

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49
Q

The superior transverse scapular ligament separates the _________ nerve from the _______ artery

A

supra-scapular nerve (lower) from the supra-scapular artery (higher)

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50
Q

What muscles initiates abduction of the humerus for the first 15 degrees?

A

supraspinatous muscle

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51
Q

The radial nerve innervates the (anterior/posterior) compartment of the arm

A

posterior

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52
Q

What nerve passes through the triangular interval?

A

the radial nerve

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53
Q

The ulnar nerve innervates the (arm/forearm and hand)

A

forearm and hand

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54
Q

how many muscles attach to the scapula?

A

17 muscles

55
Q

Which is closer to your head (teres major/teres minor)

A

teres minor

56
Q

When the AC joint comes apart it is called (dislocation/separation)

A

separation

57
Q

When the humerus comes out of the glenoid fossa it is (separation/dislocation)

A

dislocation

58
Q

What nerve innervates the anterior compartment of the arm?

A

musculocutaneous

59
Q

The function of the brachioradialis is a ______ ______

A

elbow flexor

60
Q

What artery goes through the triangular space?

A

circumflex scapular artery

61
Q

What (3) ligaments reinforce the hip joint?

A
  1. Iliofemoral
  2. ischiofemoral
  3. pubofemoral
62
Q

In which direction is the hip joint most vulnerable to dislocation?

A

posteriorly

63
Q

Which ligament of the hip prevents hyperextension and locks the hip into place while standing?

A

iliofemoral ligament

64
Q

What is the action of the gluteus maximus?

A

extension

65
Q

What is the primary action of the gluteus medius and gluteus minimus?

A

ABduct the hip

66
Q

What is the action of the hip piriformis, superior and inferior gamelli, obturator internus and qudratus femoris?

A

outwardly rotate the hip

67
Q

Lesion to the root between levels __ and __ can cause a positive trendelenburg sign

A

L5 and S1

68
Q

Gluteus medius, gluteus minimus and tensor facia lata are innervated by the ______ _______ nerve

A

superior gluteal nerve

69
Q

Gluteus maximus is innervated by the ______ ______ nerve

A

inferior gluteal nerve

70
Q

The action of iliopsoas and rectus femoris do hip ________

A

hip flexion

71
Q

The combined action of the gluteus maximus and hamstring muscles is hip _________

A

hip extension

72
Q

From anterior to posterior, what three muscles make up the pes anserinus?

A
  1. sartorius
  2. gracilis
  3. semitendinous
73
Q

A lesion at the L1 - L2 spinal level will prevent which hip action?

A

hip flexion

74
Q

Bow legged (genu valgum/genu varum)

A

genu varum

75
Q

knock knee (genu valgum/genu varum)

A

genu valgum

76
Q

What happens to the gait if the obturator nerve is damaged?

A

A waddling gait results

77
Q

The femoral nerve runs from spinal levels __ to __

A

L2 - L4

78
Q

The longest muscle in the body is the ______

A

sartorius

79
Q

Name the 4 quadriceps muscle:

A
  1. Rectus femoris
  2. Vastus lateralis
  3. Vastus medialis
  4. Vastus intermedius
80
Q

Name the 5 hip adductor muscles

A
  1. Pectineus
  2. Gracilis
  3. adductor longus
  4. adductor brevis
  5. adductor magnus
81
Q

What nerve innervates the hip adductor muscles?

A

the obturator nerve

82
Q

What nerve innervates the MUSCLES of the posterior thigh compartment?

A

the sciatic nerve

83
Q

If the muscle originates from the ischial tuberosity and is innervated by the sciatic nerve then it is a _______ muscle

A

hamstring

84
Q

Both the gluteus maximus and the ________ insert on the IT band

A

tensor fascia lata

85
Q

Increased pressure within a compartment of the body that is bound by fascia is called ______ ______

A

compartment syndrome

86
Q

Which muscle unlocks the knee using lateral rotation?

A

the popliteus muscle

87
Q

The sartorius, gracilus and semitendinous muscles (the pes anserine) do what action to the knee?

A

flexion

88
Q

This muscle flexes the hip and knee, allowing you to see the bottom of your foot:

A

sartorius

89
Q

The pes anserinus stabilized the knee on the (lateral/medial) side

A

medial

90
Q

Impact in which direction can cause an “unhappy triad” (varus/valgus)

A

valgus

91
Q

What three structures are damages in the “unhappy triad”?

A
  1. medial collateral ligament
  2. medial meniscus
  3. anterior cruciate ligament
92
Q

Abruptly stopping forward movement will most likely damage what ligament?

A

The ACL

93
Q

Which knee meniscus is more often injured?

A

the medial meniscus (attached to the medial collateral ligament)

94
Q

What muscle can flex the hip and extend the knee?

A

rectus femoris

95
Q

An abnormal decrease in the angle, less than 100 degrees, of the hip joint is called (cox vara/cox valga)

A

cox vara

96
Q

An abnormal increase in the angle of the hip joint is called (cox vara/cox valga)

A

cox valga

97
Q

Which nerve is responsible for hip abduction (gluteus medius and minimus) and internal rotation (gluteus minimus)

A

superior gluteal nerve

98
Q

Name the 6 hip lateral rotator muscles:

A
  1. Piriformis
  2. obturator internus
  3. obturator externus
  4. superior gemellus
  5. inferior gemellus
  6. quadratus femorus
99
Q

The anterior tibial artery passes through what membrane that connects in the tibia to the fibula?

A

the interosseous membrane

100
Q

with the feet, inversion is the same as ______

A

supination

101
Q

With the feet, eversion is the same a ________

A

pronation

102
Q

The tibial nerve and common fibular nerve combine further down the leg to make the _______ nerve

A

sural nerve

103
Q

If you lesion the tibial nerve you CANNOT (plantar/dorsi) flex the foot

A

plantar flex

104
Q

Tibial and common fibular both come from the ______ nerve

A

sciatic nerve

105
Q

The saphenous nerve is a branch of the _______ nerve

A

femoral

106
Q
  1. anterior tibial artery
  2. posterior tibial artery
  3. fibular artery
    are branches of the ______ artery
A

popliteal artery

107
Q

The motor of anterior compartment of the leg is innervated by the ________ nerve

A

Deep fibular nerve

108
Q

The motor to the lateral compartment of the leg is innervated by the ______ nerve

A

Superficial fibular nerve

109
Q

The motor to posterior compartment of the leg, both superficial and deep, are innervated by the _______ nerve

A

Tibial nerve

110
Q

What (3) tendons from the posterior compartment pass under the flexor retinaculum of the foot?

A
  1. Tibialis Posterior
  2. Flexor Digitorum Longus
  3. Flexor Hallucis Longus
    (TDH)
111
Q

The medial arch is maintained by the _______ ligament

A

spring ligament

112
Q

The lateral arch of the foot is maintained by the ________ ligament

A

long plantar ligament

113
Q

Genicular arteries are branches of the ________ artery

A

popliteal

114
Q

The three major arteries of the leg are the:

A
  1. anterior tibial
  2. posterior tibial
  3. fibular artery
115
Q

The dorsails pedis artery is a continuation of the ______ ______ artery

A

anterior tibial

116
Q

The great saphenous vein drains into the ______ vein

A

femoral vein

117
Q

What three lateral thigh rotator muscles make the “oreo in the butt” pattern of dark, light, dark

A
  1. superior gamellus
  2. obturator internus
  3. inferior gamellus
118
Q

Which muscle makes the connection to the patella to prevent lateral deviation during knee flexion?

A

Vastas medials

119
Q

The femoral artery and vein pass through a hole in the adductor magnus called the _____ ______

A

adductor hiatus

120
Q

What are the three boarders of the femoral triangle?

A
  1. inguinal ligament
  2. sartorius muscle
  3. adductor longus
121
Q

What artery, vein and nerve are in the femoral triangle?

A
  1. femoral artery
  2. femoral vein
  3. femoral nerve
122
Q

pushing the tibia backwards will tear the (ACL/PCL)

A

PCL

123
Q

pushing the tibia forwards will tear the (ACL/PCL)

A

ACL

124
Q

The superficial gastrocnemius, soleus and plantaris are innervated by the _____ _____

A

tibial nerve

125
Q

The deep flexor hallucis longus, flexor digitorum longus, tibialis posterior and
popliteusare innervated by the _____ _____

A

tibial nerve

126
Q

The hole at the top of the interosseus of the leg membrane transmits what artery?

A

anterior tibial

127
Q

What (2) muscles do supination = inversion of the the foot?

A
  1. tibialis anterior

2. tibialis posterior

128
Q

What two muscles do eversion = pronation of the foot?

A
  1. Fibularis longus

2. Fibularis brevis

129
Q

The sural nerve is (motor/cutaneous)

A

cutaneous

130
Q

Medal and lateral plantar nerves are branches of the ______ nerve

A

tibial

131
Q

The three nerves of the leg are the:

A
  1. Tibial nerve
  2. superficial fibular nerve
  3. deep fibular nerve
132
Q

The three major arteries of the leg branching from the popliteal artery are the:

A
  1. anterior tibial artery
  2. posterior tibial artery
  3. fibular artery
133
Q

The three ligaments on the foot are:

A
  1. long plantar ligament
  2. short plantar ligament
  3. spring ligament

Unit 9 (3 decks)

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