Gross Anatomy Flashcards
1
Q
The radial nerve runs though the ______ groove
A
radial groove
2
Q
The brachial plexus roots are from ___ to ___
A
C5-T1
3
Q
What artery and nerve pass through the quadrangular space?
A
- Axillary nerve
2. Posterior humeral circumflex artery
4
Q
Levator scapula, Trapezius, Rhomboid major/minor, Serratus anterior, Pectoralis major/minor,Latissimus dorsi
Are (intrinsic/extrinsic) muscles
A
Extrinsic
5
Q
Shoulder muscles that connect the arm to the axial skeleton are (intrinsic/extrinsic)
A
extrinsic
6
Q
Shoulder muscles that connect the clavicle or scapula to the humerus are (intrinsic/extrinsic)
A
intrinsic
7
Q
The triangle formed by the latissimus dorsi, lower trapezius and the rhomboid major is the _______ __ ______
A
Triangle of auscultation
8
Q
The triangle formed by the Teres minor, Teres major and long head of the triceps is called the _____ _____
A
Triangular space
9
Q
The triangle formed by the Teres major, Long head of the triceps and the humerus are is called the ______ ______
A
Triangular interval
10
Q
Which nerve roots contribute to the musculocutaneous nerve?
A
C5, 6, 7
11
Q
Which nerve roots contribute to the radial nerve?
A
C5, 6, 7, 8, and T1
12
Q
Which nerve roots contribute to ulnar nerve?
A
C8 + T1
13
Q
The subclavian artery becomes the axillary artery at the __________
A
(lateral margin of) the first rib
14
Q
The axillary artery becomes the brachial artery at the _______
A
(lower margin of the) Teres Major
15
Q
The circumflex scapular artery anastomoses with what 2 arteries?
A
- Transverse scapular artery
2. Transverse cervical artery
16
Q
Which artery branches from the first part of the axillary artery?
A
Superior thoracic artery
17
Q
Which muscles are in the anterior (flexor) compartment of the arm? (3)
A
- Biceps brachii
- Brachialis
- Coracobrachialis
18
Q
Which vein can you draw blood from in the cubital fossa?
A
Medial Cubital Vein
19
Q
What nerve supplies the anterior (flexor) compartment of the arm?
A
- Biceps brachii
- Brachialis
- Coracobrachialis
all Musculocutaneous Nerve - Brachioradialis by radial nerve
20
Q
What muscles are in the posterior compartment of the arm? (2)
A
- Triceps brachii
2. Anconeus
21
Q
What nerve innervates the muscles in the posterior compartment of the arm?
A
Radial Nerve
22
Q
What are the three components of the medial (ulnar) collateral ligaments?
A
- anterior
- posterior and
- oblique bands
23
Q
The radial ligament is also called the (medial/lateral) ligamnet
A
medial
24
Q
What is the main artery in the posterior compartment of the forearm?
A
the posterior interosseous (branch of the common interosseous)
25
In a nurse maid's elbow, the radius is pulled out of what ligament?
the annular ligament
26
The biceps brachii only works if the forearm is (supine/prone)
supine
27
Tommy John surgery is used to fix the ________
ulnar collateral ligament
28
Fingers are abducted (spread) by the (dorsal/palmar) interossei
dorsal
29
Fingers are adducted together by the (dorsal/palmar) interossei
palmar
30
Ulnar deviation with the thumb held down will create pain in ________ Syndrome
De Quervain's Syndrome
31
The raised area on the palm of the hand near the thumb is called the _______ _______
thenar eminance
32
Digits have ligaments on wither side of them called _____ _____ and _____ _____ ligaments
ulnar collateral ligaments and radial collateral ligaments
33
Which nerve is aggravated in carpal tunnel syndrome?
Medial nerve
34
The thenar muscles control which digit?
thumb
35
What helps distribute the weight on the hand during a FOOSH (fall on outstretched hand)?
the TFC: triangular fibrocartilage complex
36
What nerve innervates the hypothenar eminence?
the ulnar nerve
37
Which two arteries contribute to the deep palmar arch of the hand?
1. radial artery
| 2. ulnar artery
38
What nerve innervates the adductor pollicis?
deep branch of ulnar
39
The boutonniere deformity of the hand can be caused by a rupture of the ______ ______
central band
40
Damage to the insertion of the lateral slips of the finger can cause _______ _______
mallet finger
41
the long thoracic nerve comes from the brachial plexus roots _____ to _____
C5 to C7
42
The long thoracic nerve innervates _______
serratus anterior
43
What three nerves come from the posterior cord of the brachial plexus?
1. lower sub-scapular (C5,6)
2. thoracodorsal (C6,7,8)
3. upper sub-scapular (C5,6)
44
What muscle does the thoracodorsal (middle sub-scapular) nerve innervate?
latissimus dorsi
45
A lesion at the level of the root is called a _______
radiculopathy
46
Retraction of the scapular is done primarily by the _____ and ______ muscles
rhomboid major and rhomboid minor muscles
47
What nerve goes through the supra-scapular notch?
the supra-scapular nerve
48
The supraspinatous and infraspinatous muscles are innervated by the ________ nerve
supra-scapular nerve
49
The superior transverse scapular ligament separates the _________ nerve from the _______ artery
supra-scapular nerve (lower) from the supra-scapular artery (higher)
50
What muscles initiates abduction of the humerus for the first 15 degrees?
supraspinatous muscle
51
The radial nerve innervates the (anterior/posterior) compartment of the arm
posterior
52
What nerve passes through the triangular interval?
the radial nerve
53
The ulnar nerve innervates the (arm/forearm and hand)
forearm and hand
54
how many muscles attach to the scapula?
17 muscles
55
Which is closer to your head (teres major/teres minor)
teres minor
56
When the AC joint comes apart it is called (dislocation/separation)
separation
57
When the humerus comes out of the glenoid fossa it is (separation/dislocation)
dislocation
58
What nerve innervates the anterior compartment of the arm?
musculocutaneous
59
The function of the brachioradialis is a ______ ______
elbow flexor
60
What artery goes through the triangular space?
circumflex scapular artery
61
What (3) ligaments reinforce the hip joint?
1. Iliofemoral
2. ischiofemoral
3. pubofemoral
62
In which direction is the hip joint most vulnerable to dislocation?
posteriorly
63
Which ligament of the hip prevents hyperextension and locks the hip into place while standing?
iliofemoral ligament
64
What is the action of the gluteus maximus?
extension
65
What is the primary action of the gluteus medius and gluteus minimus?
ABduct the hip
66
What is the action of the hip piriformis, superior and inferior gamelli, obturator internus and qudratus femoris?
outwardly rotate the hip
67
Lesion to the root between levels __ and __ can cause a positive trendelenburg sign
L5 and S1
68
Gluteus medius, gluteus minimus and tensor facia lata are innervated by the ______ _______ nerve
superior gluteal nerve
69
Gluteus maximus is innervated by the ______ ______ nerve
inferior gluteal nerve
70
The action of iliopsoas and rectus femoris do hip ________
hip flexion
71
The combined action of the gluteus maximus and hamstring muscles is hip _________
hip extension
72
From anterior to posterior, what three muscles make up the pes anserinus?
1. sartorius
2. gracilis
3. semitendinous
73
A lesion at the L1 - L2 spinal level will prevent which hip action?
hip flexion
74
Bow legged (genu valgum/genu varum)
genu varum
75
knock knee (genu valgum/genu varum)
genu valgum
76
What happens to the gait if the obturator nerve is damaged?
A waddling gait results
77
The femoral nerve runs from spinal levels __ to __
L2 - L4
78
The longest muscle in the body is the ______
sartorius
79
Name the 4 quadriceps muscle:
1. Rectus femoris
2. Vastus lateralis
3. Vastus medialis
4. Vastus intermedius
80
Name the 5 hip adductor muscles
1. Pectineus
2. Gracilis
3. adductor longus
4. adductor brevis
5. adductor magnus
81
What nerve innervates the hip adductor muscles?
the obturator nerve
82
What nerve innervates the MUSCLES of the posterior thigh compartment?
the sciatic nerve
83
If the muscle originates from the ischial tuberosity and is innervated by the sciatic nerve then it is a _______ muscle
hamstring
84
Both the gluteus maximus and the ________ insert on the IT band
tensor fascia lata
85
Increased pressure within a compartment of the body that is bound by fascia is called ______ ______
compartment syndrome
86
Which muscle unlocks the knee using lateral rotation?
the popliteus muscle
87
The sartorius, gracilus and semitendinous muscles (the pes anserine) do what action to the knee?
flexion
88
This muscle flexes the hip and knee, allowing you to see the bottom of your foot:
sartorius
89
The pes anserinus stabilized the knee on the (lateral/medial) side
medial
90
Impact in which direction can cause an "unhappy triad" (varus/valgus)
valgus
91
What three structures are damages in the "unhappy triad"?
1. medial collateral ligament
2. medial meniscus
3. anterior cruciate ligament
92
Abruptly stopping forward movement will most likely damage what ligament?
The ACL
93
Which knee meniscus is more often injured?
the medial meniscus (attached to the medial collateral ligament)
94
What muscle can flex the hip and extend the knee?
rectus femoris
95
An abnormal decrease in the angle, less than 100 degrees, of the hip joint is called (cox vara/cox valga)
cox vara
96
An abnormal increase in the angle of the hip joint is called (cox vara/cox valga)
cox valga
97
Which nerve is responsible for hip abduction (gluteus medius and minimus) and internal rotation (gluteus minimus)
superior gluteal nerve
98
Name the 6 hip lateral rotator muscles:
1. Piriformis
2. obturator internus
3. obturator externus
4. superior gemellus
5. inferior gemellus
6. quadratus femorus
99
The anterior tibial artery passes through what membrane that connects in the tibia to the fibula?
the interosseous membrane
100
with the feet, inversion is the same as ______
supination
101
With the feet, eversion is the same a ________
pronation
102
The tibial nerve and common fibular nerve combine further down the leg to make the _______ nerve
sural nerve
103
If you lesion the tibial nerve you CANNOT (plantar/dorsi) flex the foot
plantar flex
104
Tibial and common fibular both come from the ______ nerve
sciatic nerve
105
The saphenous nerve is a branch of the _______ nerve
femoral
106
1. anterior tibial artery
2. posterior tibial artery
3. fibular artery
are branches of the ______ artery
popliteal artery
107
The motor of anterior compartment of the leg is innervated by the ________ nerve
Deep fibular nerve
108
The motor to the lateral compartment of the leg is innervated by the ______ nerve
Superficial fibular nerve
109
The motor to posterior compartment of the leg, both superficial and deep, are innervated by the _______ nerve
Tibial nerve
110
What (3) tendons from the posterior compartment pass under the flexor retinaculum of the foot?
1. Tibialis Posterior
2. Flexor Digitorum Longus
3. Flexor Hallucis Longus
(TDH)
111
The medial arch is maintained by the _______ ligament
spring ligament
112
The lateral arch of the foot is maintained by the ________ ligament
long plantar ligament
113
Genicular arteries are branches of the ________ artery
popliteal
114
The three major arteries of the leg are the:
1. anterior tibial
2. posterior tibial
3. fibular artery
115
The dorsails pedis artery is a continuation of the ______ ______ artery
anterior tibial
116
The great saphenous vein drains into the ______ vein
femoral vein
117
What three lateral thigh rotator muscles make the "oreo in the butt" pattern of dark, light, dark
1. superior gamellus
2. obturator internus
3. inferior gamellus
118
Which muscle makes the connection to the patella to prevent lateral deviation during knee flexion?
Vastas medials
119
The femoral artery and vein pass through a hole in the adductor magnus called the _____ ______
adductor hiatus
120
What are the three boarders of the femoral triangle?
1. inguinal ligament
2. sartorius muscle
3. adductor longus
121
What artery, vein and nerve are in the femoral triangle?
1. femoral artery
2. femoral vein
3. femoral nerve
122
pushing the tibia backwards will tear the (ACL/PCL)
PCL
123
pushing the tibia forwards will tear the (ACL/PCL)
ACL
124
The superficial gastrocnemius, soleus and plantaris are innervated by the _____ _____
tibial nerve
125
The deep flexor hallucis longus, flexor digitorum longus, tibialis posterior and
popliteusare innervated by the _____ _____
tibial nerve
126
The hole at the top of the interosseus of the leg membrane transmits what artery?
anterior tibial
127
What (2) muscles do supination = inversion of the the foot?
1. tibialis anterior
| 2. tibialis posterior
128
What two muscles do eversion = pronation of the foot?
1. Fibularis longus
| 2. Fibularis brevis
129
The sural nerve is (motor/cutaneous)
cutaneous
130
Medal and lateral plantar nerves are branches of the ______ nerve
tibial
131
The three nerves of the leg are the:
1. Tibial nerve
2. superficial fibular nerve
3. deep fibular nerve
132
The three major arteries of the leg branching from the popliteal artery are the:
1. anterior tibial artery
2. posterior tibial artery
3. fibular artery
133
The three ligaments on the foot are:
1. long plantar ligament
2. short plantar ligament
3. spring ligament
