Grignards

Question 1

Electronegativity of carbon in organometallic compounds

Answer 1

Carbon is more electronegative when bonded to Mg, Li, Cu, and many otehr metals. Carbon has nucleophillic character.

Question 2

What is an alkyl halide?

Answer 2

H-C-Cl - an alkyl halide is a carbon attached to a halide; can be primary, secondary or tertiary. Carbon is electropositive in these instances

Question 3

Electropositive carbon functional groups

Answer 3

Alkyl halides, aldehydes, ketones and epoxides.

Question 4

What are organolithium species?

Answer 4

They are carbanions (a carbon bearing a negative charge)

Question 5

How are conjugate bases made?

Answer 5

Through deprotonation. Acid + base&raquo_space; H2O and salt

Question 6

Acid dissociation

Answer 6

HA&raquo_space; A- + H+

Question 7

Base dissociation

Answer 7

B + H2O&raquo_space; HB+ + OH- (the hydrogen has to be reduced otehrwise its acidic)

Question 8

Alkanes are extremely weak?1 and once deprotonated are extremely?2

Answer 8

1Acids, 2Basic

Question 9

Making anions through reduction and not deprotonation

Answer 9

anions are negatively charged ions. deprotonation is to take a hydrogen off and make and reduction is gaining electrons.

Question 10

What are good reducing agents?

Answer 10

Reducing agents hold onto their electrons loosely, so species like Na, Mg, K, Li etc.

Question 11

Organometallics are strong bases

Answer 11

And will react with weak acids

Question 12

Grignards will react with water

Answer 12

an acid base reaction forming a conjugate acid of the grignard (an alkane/alkene)

Question 13

Grignards are nucleophiles

Answer 13

The carbon readily donates a pair of electrons to an appropriate electrophile.