Greg Lecture 2

Question 1

How does the immune system label self?

Answer 1

A self marker (MHC) labels the body’s cells as a friend and are tolerated by the immune system

Question 2

How does the immune system identify non-self?

Answer 2

An antigen is a molecule that the immune system recognises as foreign (non-self) and treats as a ‘foe’

Question 3

What are Pattern Recognition Receptors?

Answer 3

PRRs recognise pathogen associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) and damage/danger associated molecular patterns (DAMPs)

Question 4

What are PRRs associated with?

Answer 4

The cell membrane e.g. toll like receptors

Inside the cells e.g. endosomes/lysosomes OR in the cytosol e.g:
nod-like receptors and RIG-I-like receptors

Secreted from the cell e.g. C-reactive protein (CRP), mannose binding lectin (MBL)

Question 5

Give examples of PRRs:

Answer 5

LPS (lipopolysaccharide) with TLR-4
(More on slides)

Question 6

What is HPGRT?

Answer 6

Hypoxanthine guanine-phosphoribosyl transferase
Myeloma cells must fuse (PEG) with spleen cells otherwise they die

Question 7

Qualitative agglutination test

Answer 7

agglutination determine blood types

Question 8

What is rheumatoid factor?

Answer 8

an autoantibody produced in certain diseased tissues
binds to Fc portion of IgG e.g. rheumatoid arthiritis

Question 9

What is the CH50 assay?

Answer 9

measures lysis of human sample in antibody-bound sheep RBCs at 541nm