Green: Solution dosage forms Flashcards
1
Q
What are some examples of pharmaceutical solutions?
A
- Syrups
- Elixers
- Spirits
- Mixtures
- Tinctures
- Linctuses
- Injections
- Lotions
2
Q
Give examples of solvent vehicles?
A
- Water
- Glycerol
- Alcohol
- Propylene Glycol
3
Q
Why are density modifiers used in solutions?
A
- To create similar density of solution to the fluid the environment is in
- Dextrose used in spinal fluid as the density is relative to it
4
Q
Why are isotonicity modifiers used in solutions?
A
- Iso-osmotic in tissue fluid
- Solution additives contribute to osmotic pressure (External pressure applied to the solution to prevent the re-entry of solvent via osmosis)
- Adjustment made after all ingredients are added in
5
Q
Why are viscosity enhancements used in solutions?
A
- Improves the pouring quality of an oral solution
- Increases viscosity in eyes and skin
- Example: Gelling agent such as hydroxyethyl cellulose, carbomer
4.
6
Q
Why are preservatives used in solutions?
A
- Adsorption to containers
2. Prevents micro-organism growth
7
Q
Why are reducing agents and anti-oxidants used in solutions?
A
Added to solutions to make it more stable as it may be susceptible to oxidation
8
Q
Why are sweetening agents used in solutions?
A
- Masks flavours: sucrose is colourless and very soluble in water
- Sorbitol (mouth feel)
9
Q
Why are flavours and perfumes used in solutions?
A
- As sweetening may not be enough for it to be plateable
2. Used to mask organoleptic property of smell
10
Q
What are the advantages of oral dosage forms?
A
- Minimal gastric irritation
- Homogenous: alike environment
- Can be absorbed easily as it’s already in solution
- Easy to swallow
- Fast therapeutic action
11
Q
What are the disadvantages of oral dosage forms?
A
- Bulky
- Poor stability in solution
- Micro-organism growth possible: preservatives needed
- Issues with accuracy (spoon necessary)
- Taste is pronounced
