Green Generation Slideshow-based Flashcards
two types of growth curves
- exponential (unrestricted) growth
- Logistic (restricted) growth
the percentage of remaining survivors of a population over time; usually shown graphically
survivorship
most individuals live out their life span and die of old age (type of curve)
type 1 survivorship curve
individuals die at a constant rate (type of curve)
type 2 survivorship curve
most individuals die early in life (type of curve)
type 3 survivorship curve
chemicals that persist in the environment, bioaccumulate through the food web, and pose a risk of causing adverse effects to human health and the environment
persistent organic pollution (POPs)
dissolved and suspended solids as silt, salts, and minerals
inorganic pollution
heavy metals and other chemical compounds that are lethal to organisms
toxic pollution
waste heat from industrial and power generation processes
thermal pollution
radioactive
fallout can lead to radiation sickness and death
destroy environmental features and animal life
nuclear pollution
warming that results when the atmosphere traps heat radiating from Earth toward space
greenhouse effect
ozone layer is deteriorating due to the release of pollution containing the chemicals chlorine and bromine (chlorofluorocarbons or CFCs)
ozone depletion
conflict between individual interest and the common good
when individuals use a public good, they do not bear the entire cost of their actions
individuals with access to a public resource (also called a common) act in their own interest and, in doing so, ultimately deplete the resource
tragedy of the commons
Fast Fashion
leftover clothes harm the environment
Groundwater consumption
risk for water shortages increase
Overfishing
endanger fish populations
Coffee
Plants that produce coffee beans occupy rainforest space that farmers cut down for farms - habitat loss for a ton of plants and animals
Traffic Congestion
Air pollution increases - CO2 increases, causing greenhouse effect
the removal of pollution or contaminants from the environment
environmental remediation
using microbes to remove pollutants
bioremediation
using existing information to help a community understand the property conditions by examining current and historical uses of the site and potential threats to human health or the environment
review records
review government databases
visually inspect the site
interview owners, neighbors, and past workers
phase 1 environmental site assessment
recognized environmental conditions found on property
identify chemicals of concern
samples and test soil, groundwater and other media
further investigate areas of concern
develop plans for cleanup, if needed
phase 2 environmental site assessment
excavation carried out underwater or partially underwater, in shallow or ocean waters
keeps waterways and ports navigable
protects & redevelopment coasts
dredging
common method for cleaning up contaminated groundwater containing chemicals such as industrial solvents, metals and fuel oil
pump and treat
a group of cleanup methods that prevent or slow the release of harmful chemicals from wastes, such as contaminated soil, sediment, and sludge
Solidification binds the waste in a solid block of material and traps it in place. Stabilization causes a chemical reaction that makes contaminants less likely to be leached into the environment.
solidification and stabilization
environmental remediation technique used for soil and/or groundwater remediation to lower the concentrations of targeted environmental contaminants to acceptable levels
oxidation
uses vacuum blowers and extraction wells to induce gas flow through the subsurface, collecting contaminated soil vapor, which is subsequently treated aboveground. SVE systems can rely on gas inflow through natural routes or specific wells may be installed for gas inflow (forced or natural)
carried out using simply water or electrolyte solutions, or strong acid solutions for nonlabile cations
soil vapor extraction
biological systems enduring and remaining diverse and productive
sustainability
1970
the comprehensive federal law that regulates air emissions from stationary and mobile sources
established National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) to protect public health and public welfare and to regulate emissions of hazardous air pollutants
Clean Air Act (CAA)
1972
establishes the basic structure for regulating discharges of pollutants into the waters of the United States and regulating quality standards for surface waters
revision of Federal Water Pollution Control Act
Clean Water Act (CWA)
1986
created to help communities plan for chemical emergencies
requires industry to report on the storage, use and releases of harzardous substances to federal, state, and local governments
Emergency Planning and Community Right-to-Know Act (EPCRA)
1973
certain actions, including many pesticide registration actions, do not jeopardize federally threatened and endangered (i.e., listed) species or adversely modify their designated critical habitats
Endangered Species Act
Federal statue that governs the registration, distribution, sale, and use of pesticide
Federal Insecticide, Fungicide and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA)
1966
provided the public the right to request access to records from any federal agency
required to disclose any information requested under the ____ unless it falls under one of nine exemptions which protect interests such as personal privacy, national security, and law enforcement
Freedom of Information Act (FOIA)
any substance or mixture of substances intended for preventing, destroying, repelling, or mitigating any pest, or intended for use as a plant regulator, defoliant, or desiccant, or any nitrogen stabilizer
pesticide
1970
requires federal agencies to assess the environmental effects of their proposed actions prior to making decisions
makes decisions on permit applications, adopts federal land management actions, and constructing highways and other publicly owned facilities
National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA)
1971
ensure worker and workplace safety
employers provide their workers a place of employment free from recognized hazards to safety and health, such as exposure to toxic chemicals, excessive noise levels, mechanical dangers, heat or cold stress, or unsanitary conditions
Occupational Safety and Health Act (OSHA)
1990
prevent oil spills
trust fund financed by a tax on oil is available to clean up spills when the responsible party is incapable or unwilling to do so
requires oil storage facilities and vessels to submit to the Federal Government plans detailing how they will response to large discharges
Oil Pollution Act (OPA)
1990
reducing the amount of pollution through cost-effective changes in production, operation, and raw material use
Pollution Prevention Act (PPA)
1976
control hazardous waste from cradle to grave
generation, transportation, treatment, storage, and disposal of hazardous waste
Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA)
1984 amendments to RCRA that focused on waste minimization and phasing land disposal of hazardous waste as well as corrective action for releases
Federal Hazardous and Soil Waste Amendments
1974
protect drinking water
sets standards for drinking water quality and monitors states, local authorities, and water suppliers who enforce those standards
Safe Drinking Water Act
1980
provides a Federal “Superfund” to clean up uncontrolled or abandoned hazardous-waste sites as well as accidents, spills, and other emergency releases of pollutants and contaminants into the environment
clean up contaminated sites
forces the parties responsible for the contamination to either perform cleanups or reimburse the government for EPA-led cleanup work
The Comprehesive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA) (Superfund)
1986
amended CERCLA
stressed the importance of permanent remedies and innovative treatment technologies in cleaning up hazardous waste sites
required to consider standards in other state laws
provided new enforcement authorities and settlement tools
increased State involvement
increased focus on human health problems
encouraged greater citizen participation
increased size of the trust fund to 8.5 Billion
Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act (SARA)
1976
require reporting, record-keeping and testing requirements, and restrictions relating to chemical substances and/or mixtures.
production, importation, use, and disposal of specific chemicals includingPCBs, asbestos, radon and led-based paint
Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA)
independent executive agency of the US federal government that deals with environmental protection matters
United States Environmental Protection Agency
EPA - Environmental Protection Agency
a fungal growth that forms and spreads on various kinds of damp or decaying organic matter
mold - 곰팡이
group of manufactured chemicals that have been used in industry and consumer products
PFAS - Polyfluoroalkyl Substances
mineral fiber that occurs in rock and soil
used in building construction materials
Asbestos
