Green Drugs Flashcards
What is Pharmacodynamics
Action of drug in the body
- Affinity
- Efficacy
- Potency
What is Pharmacokinetics
Body’s reaction to the drug
- Absorption
- Distribution
- Metabolism
- Excetion
What is affinity
How well a drug binds to a receptor
What is efficacy
How effective the drug is on its receptor
What is Potency
How much drug is needed to a cause a reaction
What is the difference between an agonist and partial agonist
Agonist
-Attaches to cell receptor and stimulates it
Partial
- Attaches to receptor and half stimulates it
What are the two types of antagonists
Competitive Inhibitor
Non competitive
Describe the 4 parts to pharmacokinetics
Absorption -Gut and Parenteral by IV Distribution -Depends on blood flow, molecule size, BBB and BloodTesticle barrier Metabolism -1st Pass Excretion -Renal
What is 1st pass metabolism
Ingested drug enters GI tract
Transported to liver by hepatic veins
Liver metabolises drug
Drug released into blood for systemic circulation
What is Bioavailability
Proportion of drug that can enter circulation
- 1st pass metabolism decreases bioavailability so less enters circulation
- IV drugs bypass 1st pass metabolism so have 100 bioavailability
What are the main routes of Drug administration
Oral, IV and Topical
Subcut and IM
Rectal and Sublingual
Intrathecal and Inhaled
What is eGFR
Estimate how much blood passes through kidney/minute
What is CrCl
Compare serum creatinine with urine creatinine to estimate GFR
When should you avoid prescribing NSAID, PPI and Antibiotics
In renal impairment
- CKD
- AKI
- HTN
- PKD
What are the GFR values for staging CKD
1) >90 GFR
2) 60-89 GFR
3) 30-60 GFR
4) 15-30
5) <15
How many Beta receptors are there
3
Where do Beta 1 drugs acts
Heart and Kidney
Increase CO and Increase Renin
Where do Beta 2 drugs act
Smooth muscle relaxation
Increase urination and gluconeogenesis
Where do Beta 3 drugs act
Adipose tissue and bladder (Increase urination)
Where do Alpha ONE dugs act
O - On blood vessels
N - Neck of bladder/prostate/stomach
E - Eye
Where do Alpha TWO drugs acts
Presynaptic nerve terminals Think TWO T - Terminal W- Wearing O- Off
What are ACE-inhibitors
They block the action of ACE so Angiotensin 1 can’t become Angiotensin 2 so no Aldosterone secreted = no vasoconstriction and decreased CO so decrease blood pressure
What does Aldosterone do
Increases Sodium and water retention and increases Potassium Excretion
How do loop diuretics work
Furosemide and Bumetanide
Inhibit NA/K/Cl transporter at the ascending loop of hence = less water reabsorption
