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Phase 2A Mehdi > Green Drugs > Flashcards

Green Drugs Flashcards

1
Q

What is Pharmacodynamics

A

Action of drug in the body

  • Affinity
  • Efficacy
  • Potency
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2
Q

What is Pharmacokinetics

A

Body’s reaction to the drug

  1. Absorption
  2. Distribution
  3. Metabolism
  4. Excetion
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3
Q

What is affinity

A

How well a drug binds to a receptor

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4
Q

What is efficacy

A

How effective the drug is on its receptor

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5
Q

What is Potency

A

How much drug is needed to a cause a reaction

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6
Q

What is the difference between an agonist and partial agonist

A

Agonist
-Attaches to cell receptor and stimulates it
Partial
- Attaches to receptor and half stimulates it

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7
Q

What are the two types of antagonists

A

Competitive Inhibitor

Non competitive

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8
Q

Describe the 4 parts to pharmacokinetics

A 
Absorption
-Gut and Parenteral by IV
Distribution
-Depends on blood flow, molecule size, BBB and BloodTesticle barrier
Metabolism
-1st Pass 
Excretion 
-Renal
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9
Q

What is 1st pass metabolism

A

Ingested drug enters GI tract
Transported to liver by hepatic veins
Liver metabolises drug
Drug released into blood for systemic circulation

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10
Q

What is Bioavailability

A

Proportion of drug that can enter circulation

  • 1st pass metabolism decreases bioavailability so less enters circulation
  • IV drugs bypass 1st pass metabolism so have 100 bioavailability
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11
Q

What are the main routes of Drug administration

A

Oral, IV and Topical
Subcut and IM
Rectal and Sublingual
Intrathecal and Inhaled

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12
Q

What is eGFR

A

Estimate how much blood passes through kidney/minute

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13
Q

What is CrCl

A

Compare serum creatinine with urine creatinine to estimate GFR

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14
Q

When should you avoid prescribing NSAID, PPI and Antibiotics

A

In renal impairment

  • CKD
  • AKI
  • HTN
  • PKD
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15
Q

What are the GFR values for staging CKD

A

1) >90 GFR
2) 60-89 GFR
3) 30-60 GFR
4) 15-30
5) <15

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16
Q

How many Beta receptors are there

A

3

17
Q

Where do Beta 1 drugs acts

A

Heart and Kidney

Increase CO and Increase Renin

18
Q

Where do Beta 2 drugs act

A

Smooth muscle relaxation

Increase urination and gluconeogenesis

19
Q

Where do Beta 3 drugs act

A

Adipose tissue and bladder (Increase urination)

20
Q

Where do Alpha ONE dugs act

A

O - On blood vessels
N - Neck of bladder/prostate/stomach
E - Eye

21
Q

Where do Alpha TWO drugs acts

A 
Presynaptic nerve terminals
Think TWO
T - Terminal
W- Wearing
O- Off
22
Q

What are ACE-inhibitors

A

They block the action of ACE so Angiotensin 1 can’t become Angiotensin 2 so no Aldosterone secreted = no vasoconstriction and decreased CO so decrease blood pressure

23
Q

What does Aldosterone do

A

Increases Sodium and water retention and increases Potassium Excretion

24
Q

How do loop diuretics work

Furosemide and Bumetanide

A

Inhibit NA/K/Cl transporter at the ascending loop of hence = less water reabsorption

25
Q

What is a side effect of diuretics

A 
Hypokalemia
Hypovolemia
Hypotension
Hyeperuricemia
Erectile Dysfunction
26
Q

What are examples of ACE inhibitors

A

Ramipril
Enalapril
Perindopril

27
Q

What are the side effects of ACE inhibitors

A 
Hypotension
Hyperkalemia
AKI
Teratogenic
Cough due to Kinin
28
Q

How do thiazides work

A

Inhibit Na/Cl in DCT so less Sodium reabsorbed and less water reabsorbed

29
Q

What type of diuretic is Spiranolactone (Aldosterone antagonist so blocks aldosterone)

A

Potassium sparing

Inhibit water and sodium reabsorption and increase excretion at ENaC

30
Q

How do NSAIDs work

A

Inhibit COX so decrease prostaglandin release so prevent inflammation

31
Q

What are some examples of NSAIDs

A

Ibuprofen
High dose Aspirin
Diclofenac
Naproxen

32
Q

When are NSAIDs used

A 
Headache
joint pain
arthritis
Migraine
Cold and Flu
33
Q

How do PPI work

A

Inhibit H/K/ATPase pump in gastric parietal cells do less acid secretion

Phase 2A Mehdi (6 decks)

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