Green deck Flashcards
What two things must a designer know about a space before the necessary number of exits can be determined
Before a designer can determine how many of these are needed, both the floor area and the occupancy group must be known
What are the four stages of a products life cycle
The stages of this process include- raw material acquistion, manufacturing, use and maintenance, disposal
What is embodied energy
This is the energy required by a product or material for its extraction as a raw material, intial processing and subsequent manufacture into a finished product
In terms of its sustainability, what are the primary advantages and disadvantages of aluminum as a construction material
This material has a high potential for recycling, but it requires a large amount of energy for tis manufacture
What is composite wood veneer
This is a product made by slicing readily available, fast growing trees into veneers, dyeing the veneers and then gluing them together to create an artificial log. The log is then re sliced to produce a variety of wood veneers
What is a building commissioning
This is the process of inspecting,testing, starting up and adjusting building systems and then verifying that the systems are operating as intended and that they meet the design criteria
What is displacement ventiliation
This is an air distribution system in which supply air origination at floor level and rises to return air grilles in the ceiling
What are the volatile organic compounds vocs
These are chemicals that contain carbon and hydrogen and that vaporize at room temperature and pressure
What are nine common biological contaminants often found in buildings
mold, mildew, bacteria, viruses, mites,pollen, animal dander, dust, insects
What are five common hazardous materials found in existing buildings
asbestos, vermiculite, lead, radon, PCBs polychlorinated biphenyls
What is adaptive reuse?
This is the practice of reusing existing buildings and materials from buildings as much as possible
What are post industrial (or pre consumer) materials
These are scrap or trim materials generated in the manufacturing process that have been recovered or diverted from solid waste
What does post consumer mean?
This adjective describes a material or product that has served its intended use and has been recovered fro waste destined for disposal
What is programming?
This is the process undertaken before design during which all pertinent information about a project is collected and analyzed
According to the book problem seeking by william pena, what are the five steps in the programming process
The five steps in this process are
- Establish goals
- collect facts
- uncover concepts
- determine needs
- state the problem
How does a programmatic concept differ from a design concept
The first is a performance requirement that is related to general methods of solving a problem or satisfying a need
The second is a specific physical response that is an attempt to satisfy the first
In terms of the programming process, what are the three components of flexibility
The three components of this aspect of programming are: expandability, convertibility, versatility
What four types of information should be included in every programming document
Every document of this kind should list
- the clients goals and objectives
- required spaces and area requirements
- required adjacencies between spaces
- specific client requirements for budget, schedule, furnishings, equipment and mechanical and electrical systems
What are the four possible ratings for a leed certified project
platinum
gold
silver
certified
What type of conceptual plan arrangement could be used as a non directional way to focus attention on a space
A centralized plan arrangement could be used to accomplish this
What type of circulation pattern is generally the most efficient and flexible
A linear layout (also called a dumbbell layout) is generally the most efficient and flexible of these
What voluntary, consensus based national standard for developing high performance sustainable buildings was established by the us green building council
Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) was established by this organization
What activities does the greenguard environmental institute conduct
This organization tests products for acceptable indoor air quality standards and registers the products it certifies
What three activities does scientific certification systems conduct
environmentally related product attributes
environmentally preferable products
well managed forests
What is the Forest Stewardship council FSC
This nonprofit organization is devoted to encouraging the responsible management of the worlds forest
What is outgassing?
This is the release of toxic gases from a material, typically after the material has been installed
What is the primary concern related to indoor air quality and paint
With this wall finish, the primary of concern related to indoor air quality is the level of organic compounds
What is sustainable design
This term encompasses the various strategies employed to achieve a balance between the consumption of environmental resources and the renewal of those resources through the entire life cycle of a building
What type of volumetric relationship could be used to functionally and perceptually link two spaces
An overlapping relationship could be used to accomplish this
What client approved document should be available to the designer before the schematic design process begins
Good business practice requires that a client approved program be available before this phase of work begin
What is the minimum diameter of a circle in which a wheelchair can turn
The minimum diameter for this is 60in
When a doctor is approached perpendicular to its opening, what is the minimum maneuvering clearance for wheelchair access at the strike side of the door on the pull side of the door
The minimum wheelchair maneuvering clearance in this situation is 18”
How high aboce the floor must a grab bar be mounted
This accessibility feature must be mounted between 33” and 36” above the floor
What is the maximum allowable slope for an accessible ramp
The maximum slope for this accessibility feature is 1 vertical unit for every 12 horizontal units or 8.33
In addition to a specific diamtere and mounting height, what other handrail feature is required on an accessible stairway
On an accessible stairway, this feature must extend beyond the upper and lower risers
Where are detectable warnings required
These are required on walking surfaces in front of hazardous vehicular areas
According to ADAAG regulations what is the maximum vertical reach dimension for accessibility
The maximum dimension for this, for either a front or side approach, is 48”
Under previous regulations, a 54” dimension was allowed for a side approach
What is the minimum clear floor space required to accommodate one stationary wheelchair
The minimum clear floor space required for this is 30”x48”
What is the minimum clear width of accessible toilet stall
60” is the minimum clear width for this accessibility feature
To be classified as accessible, what is the max allowable vertical change in the floor level
To be classified as accessible, this construction element must not have a vertical change exceeding 1/4”
For an accessible ramp, what is the maximum rise allowed between landings
For an accessible ramp, this must be no more than 30 in
According to ADAAG regulations, what two types of alarm are required for accessibility
ADAAG regulations require these to be both audible and visible
In accessibility regulations, what type of provision might require that a certain percentage of seating in an area be accessible
This is an example of a scoping provision
For a corridor in commercial construction, what minimum width is required, and what width is recommended
The minimum width for this component of a space plan is 44in but a recommended width is 60in
What are two sustainable types of wood flooring
Two examples of this are
bamboo
palm wood
What are the components of a fire rated door assembly
These consist of the door itself (including glazing if any ) the frame, and the hardware
What are the three most common types of interior glazing
float
tempered
laminated
What are the primary elements used to make bronze
copper and tin
What is a concrete masonry unit
This building product, abbreviated CMU, is also commonly known as concrete block
What is a sole plate
This is a horizontal wood member that serves as the base for the studs in a wood stud partition
What is mean radiant temperature
This is a measure of the heat a person gains from or loses to his or hers surroundings through radiation. It is used in assessing how comfortable a room is
The value is a weighted average of the various surface temperatures in a room (taking into account an occupant’s angle of exposure to these surfaces) and any sunlight
In terms of wallboard partitions, what are the common differences between residential and commercial construction
The first typically uses 2x4 wood studs with 1/2in wallboard, while the second typically uses metal studs with 5/8 in wallboard
What are the standard depths of metals studs
1 5/8, 2 1/2, 3 5/8, 4, and 6
What is the generic name for fire rated gypsum wallboard
Type X is the generic name of this material
What are four advantages of using portland cement plaster as a finish material
hard and abrasion resistant
water resistant
easily formed into curved and ornate surfaces
a good base for wall tile
what are four disadvantages of using portland cement plaster as a finish material
more expensive than gypsum wallboard
slower to construct with than gypsum wallboard
wet and messy to work with
challenging to work with, thus requiring more-skilled labor
What is a pivot
This is a type of hardware used to hang doors. It consist of a rotating bottom pin and a corresponding pin at the top of a door
What four characteristics distinguish a fire rated, suspended acoustical ceiling from a non-rated standard ceiling
it is only part of an entire fire rated floor/ceiling assembly
its tiles must be rated mineral tiles
it uses hold down clips
it must have expansion slots in the grid
In regards to construction, what is a plenum
In commercial construction, this is the space between the building structural roof or floor and the suspended ceiling
What effect does an acoustical ceiling have on sound
This construction element mainly absorbs sound
Stainless steel is primarily an alloy of steel and an additional element. which one
chromium is added to steel to create this material
What process occurs when dissimilar metals are in contact in the presence of water
The process that occurs under these conditions is galvanic action. Galvani action is a form of electrochemical corrosion in which one metal gives up electrons to the other, corroding quickly while slowing the other metal’s corrosion
What type of steel floor or roof framing system provides generous space in both directions for pipes, ducts and conduit
This is the primary benefit of an open-web steel joist system
What are the two major types of concrete structural systems
These two major types are
cast in place
precast
What type of concrete system is likely to be found where floor to floor heights are kept to a minimum
A flat plate construction system would probably be used in this situation
What type of precast structural member is often used to provide support as a beam and as floor decking
A double-tee is often used in these two applications
What are live loads
These are the weights of people, furniture and movable equipment
What type of loads is created on a building by the force of wind or an earthquake
A lateral load on a building is caused by one of these forces
What is required at the top of a partition to accommodate deflection of the floor above
a slip joint is required at the top of a partition to compensate for this condition
What is a core drill
This is a small hole with a diameter of 2 to 4 in drilled through a concrete floor to accommodate conduits for electrical telephone and data wiring
Why should post-tensioned concrete slabs never be cut into
The tendons of this construction element should never be cut because they are under high stress
What are joists and what are they typically made of?
These are horizontal repetitive elements used to support floors. They are typically made from wood members with a nominal width of 2 in
What is the typical spacing for residential studs and joists
These construction elements are typically spaced 16 in on center
What is a chase wall
This consists of two runs of studs separated by a space large enough to accommodate pipes
What is an access door
This is an opening used to provide access to mechanical and electrical components behind walls
What electrical components are required for switches, outlets, lights and locations where electrical conductors have been spliced
Junction boxes are required at these locations
What is a dedicated circuit
This is a circuit that contains a single electrical outlet
What is a ground fault interrupter
This is an electrical safety device that detects small current leaks and disconnects the power to a circuit
What is the purpose of a plumbing trap
This plumbing compound holds a quantity of water to provide a seal that prevents gases from the sewage system from entering the building
In regard to interior design what is compartmentation
This is the practice of separating areas of a building with fire rated construction in order to contain a fire to one area and limit its spread
What two methods are used to measure speech privacy in open offices
Two methods used to measure this are
articulation class
articulation index
What are four types of fire detection devices
photoelectric detectors
rise of temperature detectors
ionization detectors
flame detectors
What is an intumescent material
This is a material that, when exposed to heat, expands rapidly and insulates or fills space to prevent the passage of fire and smoke
What is a flight in a stairway
This is a series of two or more risers between one floor or landing and the next
What is a winding stairway
This is a type of stairway that has tapered treads that are wider at one end than at the other
What two materials have largely supplanted plywood in interior construction applications
Particleboard and medium density fiberboard have generally supplanted this material in interior construction applications
What is a jalousie window
This window type consists of individual horizontal pieces of glass that all pivot outward at one for ventilation
What are five causes of building movement that must be considered when detailing
This may be caused by dead load deflection lateral loading from wind or seismic activity water absorption live load deflection temperature change
What is a tolerance
This is the amount of allowable variation from a given line, dimension, or size
What is direct glare
This results when a light source in the field of vision causes discomfort and interference with a visual task
What is a veiling reflection
This results when a reflection causes glare that interferes with a visual task
What is a three way switch
This is a device that allows users to control a light from two different locations
What is a clerestory
This is a vertically glazed area placed between two different roof levels to admit natural light
What is the unit of measure for the frequency of sound
The hertz HZ is the unit of measure for this and is equal to one cycle per second
What is the unit of measure for sound intensity based on a logarithmic scale
The decibel DB is the unit of measure for this
What do most people perceive when a sound increases by 10db
When a sound increases by this amount, most people perceive a doubling in loudness
What are the two most important variables in controlling sound transmission through a building element
The two most important variables affecting this are mass and stiffness
What is the sound transmission class of a partition
This is a single number rating of a partitions ability to reduce sound transmission
What is the coefficient of absorption
This is the ratio of the sound intensity absorbed by a material to the total sound intensity reaching the material
What is the noise reduction coefficient NRC
This is a single number average of a material’s coefficients of absorption at 250hz.500hz,1000hz and 2000hz rounded to the nearest .05
What is reverberation time?
This is the time it takes for the sound level in a space to decrease 60db after the source has stopped producing the sound
In a large room, where is the most effecitve place to install a sound-absorbing material
the ceiling
What are five basic ways to control sound transmission through a partition
increase the mass
provide additional resilience
insulate the cavity
seal all cracks between construction components
provide sealed opening, such as doors and windows
What are some ways to increase speech privacy in a large space
5 ways
use highly absorptive ceiling materials
use space dividers to reduce sound transmission
create distance between noisy activities
arrange hard surfaces to minimize reflected sound
use a well designed background masking system
what is the ceiling attentuation class atc
This is a single number measure of the transmission loss through ceiling tiles between two closed rooms where there is no barrier above the ceiling
What percentage of a commercial building’s total energy use is typically devoted to electric lighting and the cooling it requires
30% to 40% of a commercial building’s total energy use is typically devoted to this
What is char
This is the material remaining after an incomplete combustion
What is the taber test AKA ASTM D3884 used for?
This test is used to determine the abrasion resistance of carpet and sometimes other textiles
What is considered a minimum coefficient of friction for safety
For safety a value of.5 is considered to be minimum for this coefficient
What is the 701 test
This is a common name for the vertical ignition test developed by the national fire protection association, which is used to test the flammability of draperies, curtains, and other window treatments
What is the cal tb 133 test
This test evaluates the response of an actual sample of furniture to an open flame, It is also known as NFPA266 or the full seating test
What is the wyzenbeek test AKA ASTM D4157
This test is used to determine the abrasion resistance of woven textile fabrics
What are some authoritative sources for product information
manufacturers' product catalog manufacturers' websites manufacturers' representatives trade associations sweets network online
how does an independent furniture rep differ from a manufacturers’ rep
This type of furniture representative is self employed and may rep more than one manufacturer
What are two places an interior designer could take a client to view furniture directly
dealership or showroom
What does FOB factory mean
This means that the title for goods purchased is transferred at the factory. The manufacturer pays for loading the goods onto a truck or train and the buyer pays the transportation costs and is responsible for damage during shipping
Who is responsible for making the acceptance inspection of furniture or fixture
The owner is responsible for this aspect of FF&E delivery
What is a daylight factor (DF)
This is the ratio of the indoor illuminance at a point on a horizontal surface to the unobstructed exterior horizontal illuminance
What is abrasion resistance
This is the ability of a material or finish to resist being worn away or to maintain its original appearance when rubbed with another object
What is stain resistance
This is a material’s resistance to a change in appearance after the application and removal of another material
What fabric is made from the fibers of the flax plant
linen
What are the main advantages of acrylic as a furniture fabric
moderately good strength
resilience
resistance to sunlight
a marked similarity to wool
What are the main advantages of nylon as a furniture fabric
exceptional strength high resiliency high elasticity resistance to many chemical stains resistance to microorganisms good water resistance
What is fuzzing
This describes the appearance of a fabric when small fibers work out of the yarn onto the surface
What are three common ways to attach fabric to cushioning
buttoning
tufting
channeling
What are three common cushion materials
polyester batting
polyurethane foam
cellulosic batting
What are roman shades
This type of shade pulls up with a cord into accordion folds
In regard to interior design, what is detailing
This is the process of determining a design’s technical requirements that is, how the individual components will fit together and exactly how they will look
In regard to selecting construction materials and detailing, what three safety factors must be considered
structural
fire
human contact
When are furniture specifications used
These are used on large commercial projects when the designer and client wants bids from one or more dealers for the items and accessories to be purchased and when the dealers will be accepting responsibility for ordering, installing and billing the client
What is indentation load deflection
This is a measure of the firmness of foam used for furniture
What is the purpose of a performance specification
This kind of document shows what results the final construction assembly must achieve without stating exactly what the product must be or what procedures must be followed
What is a project manual
This is a bound book that contains technical construction specifications contract forms general and supplementary conditions of the contract bidding requirements (if used) supplemental bid forms (if used)
What is a proprietary specification
This is the most restrictive kind of specification because it requires the use of specific manufacturers products
What system was created to standardize the organization and writing of specifications, and what group developed it
The masterformat system was developed by the construction specifications institute and construction specifications canada to accomplish this
Individual specification sections of the CSI MasterFormat system are divided into three parts. What broad subject do these three parts cover
General
Products
Execution
Which parts of a specification should include requirements for sustainability
In a specification, requirements for this aspect of interior design, which encompasses energy efficiency, indoor air quality and other areas are included in DIV 01, general requirements, and in each appropriate technical section
What CSI division would contain the specification for interior signage
CSI division 10, Specialties, would contain the information for this
What CSI division would contain the specification for doors
CSI division 08, openings, would contain the information for these
What are construction drawings
These are detailed drawings the contractor uses to construct a project and describe the extent of the work and the locations dimension and relations of the various construction elements
How is the MasterFormat system organized
This system for standardizing specifications is organized into major subgroups and individual divisions within each subgroup
What does a design office use to maintain consistency , completeness, and accuracy when writing specifications
a design office uses master specifications or guide specification for this purpose
What type of specifications specifies a proprietary material while still satisfying requirements for public bidding
a base bid or approved equal specification meets these requirements
What is a reference standard specification
This document describes the requirements for a product or process based on an accepted authority or test method, such as ASTM, ANSI, or a trade assoc
What doe a typical floor plan show
This type of drawing shows the overall configuration of a building or portion of an interior under contract. it includes all partitions, doors, and other fixed elements and gives dimensions, notes, and references to elevations and details drawn elsewhere
What does a reflected ceiling plan show
This drawing type shows all items that are part of the ceiling, elements that tough the ceiling and elements that penetrate the ceiling
In regard to construction drawings, what does an elevation show
This type of drawing shows vertical dimensions and the configuration and finishes of wall surfaces
What is a title block
This is the area of a drawing sheet that contains identifying information about the project as well as information specific to that particular sheet
In regard to construction drawings, what is layering
This is the method of placing different information on separate levels in a cad system when creating a construction drawing
In regard to electrical drawings, what is a homerun
This is a graphic element on an electrical drawing that uses arrowheads to indicate that the line joining lights or power outlets is connected to a particular circuit breaker in a particular electrical panel box
What kind of drawing is often used as an aid in developing a design concept when a proposed project will occupy more than one floor of a building
A stacking diagram is often used in this kind of situation
What type of scheduling chart looks like a bar graph
A gannt chart looks like this
