Blue Deck Flashcards
What is a design concept
This is an idea or statement concerning an overall physical response to ideas developed during programming
What does the Certificate of Occupancy (or use and Occupancy) letter provide
This letter is issued by the authority having jurisdiction and allows the client to occupy a building or portion of a building after the final inspection
What is the primary model building code used in the UnitedStates
The international building code IBC
In the united states, what document gives jurisdictions the basic authority to adopt and enforce building codes
The basic authority for this comes from the Tenth amendment to the US Constitution. It gives police powers to the states, which in turn either use that authority to adopt codes or pass that authority on to local jurisdiction
What two types of product labels does Underwriters laboratories UL provide
Listed labels
classified labels
What is the Steiner Tunnel Test, ASTM E84
This is a standard test for determining the surface burning characteristics of finish materials and the smoke developed index of the same materials
What materials does NFPA 701 test and what condition does it test for
This tests the flammability of draperies, curtains, and other window treatments
According to the International Building Code IBC what is a fire partition, and where is it used
The IBC defines this as a wall assembly having a fire resistance rating of 1 hour used in
walls separating dwelling units
walls separating guest rooms in Group R-1
Walls separating tenant spaces in covered malls
corridor walls
What two situations require the construction of a fire barrier
This type of fire resistance rated wall is required as
a separation where there are different occupancies
an enclosure where there are vertical exits
What is the maximum percentage of wall or ceiling area that combustible trim (such as trim made of wood) can occupy in a room
In a room, this material type can occupy no more than 10% of a wall or ceiling area
What is an occupancy class and what is it used for
This is a usage classification assigned to a building or interior. It differentiates various types of fore hazards and the life safety characteristics of various uses
What is a mixed occupancy
This is a situation here a single building or interior space houses two or more different types of occupancies
What is an accessory occupancy
This is a space or room that is used in conjunction with the main occupancy, but containing no more than 10% of the floor area of the main occupancy
What is an incidental use area
This is an area that is ancillary to the main occupancy, but has the same classification. It must be separated from the main occupancy by a fire barrier, be equipped with an automatic sprinkler system or both
How many construction types are there, an which has the highest fire resistance
There are five of these, and Type I has the highest fire resistance
What is fire resistance rated glazing
This is glass or some other glazing material that has been tested according to ASTM E119 as part of a fire resistance rated wall assembly
In regard to interior design, what is a guard, and what dimension must it have in commercial construction
This is a building component installed to prevent falls from an elevated area. ITs required minimum height is 42in above the floor
What are the three parts of a means of egress
Its three parts are
exit access
exit
exit discharge
What is an exit passageway
This is a horizontal fully enclosed fire resistance rated portion of an exit that is used only as a means of egress to an exit discharge or a public way
What is an occupant load factor
This is the amount of floor space that a building code presumes is occupied by one person in a particular occupancy
How is the occupant load of a space calculated
To calculate this value for a space, the total area in square feet (or square meters) is divided by the occupant load factor
What is a common path of egress travel
This is the portion of an exit access that occupants are required to traverse before two separate and distinct paths of egress travel to two exits become available
What are the two main factors in determining if a space requires two exits rather than just one
The two main factors that determine how many of these are required are the space’s occupancy and its occupant load
Ina building that has been fully sprinklered, when two exits are required in a space, what is the minimum separation required
The minimum separation required is 1/3 the diagonal distance of the space
What is an exit access travel distance
This is the distance an occupant must travel from the most remote point within a building t the entrance of the nearest exit
How is minimum exit width calculated
This is calculated by multiplying the occupant load of a space by the appropriate factor given in the building code
For an occupant load greater than 50, what is the absolute minimum corridor width
In this instance, the minimum corridor width is 44 in
Within a means of egress system, what are exit access areas
Within a means of egress system, these are areas that do not provide a protected path of travel and which lead to the entrance of an exit.
In the international building code, even fire rated corridors are included in this category
What is the maximum allowable projection of a door into a corridor when the door is fully opened
The maximum allowable projection is 7in
What is the minimum clear width of an exit door
The minimum clear width is 32 in
In commercial construction, what is the maximum height of a stair riser and what is the minimum depth of a stair tread
The maximum height of the former is 7 in and the minimum depth of the latter is 7 in
What is area of refuge
This is an area of a building where persons unable to use stairways can safely await instructions or assistance during an emergency evacuation
If an object is between 27 in and 80’ above the floor, what is the maximum allowable protrusion of that object from the wall
Under these conditions, an object must not protrude more than 4 in from a wall
What are two types of glazing that can be used in hazardous locations, and what test must they pass
Two materials that can be used for this application are tempered glass and laminated glass, but only if they pass the testing requirements of 16 CFR 1201, Category II
In regards to building codes what are the reference standards
There are standards written by standards-writing organizations (rather than by the authors of a particular building code) that are made part of a code by specific reference
What is a public way
This is any street, alley, or similar parcel of land unobstructed from the ground tothe sky that is at least 10ft wide and permanently appropriated to the public
How is the Uniform Commercial Code UCC important to interior design projects
This document governs the sale of goods in the US and is applicable to the purchase and delivery of furniture and other movable items
What is running trim?
This type of molding is installed end to end
Which finish material for woodwork provides the hardest, most durable surface
When sed as a finish material for woodwork polyester has these characteristics
What is lacquer
This is a coating material with a high nitrocellulose content that has been modified with resins and plasticizers dissolved in a volatile solvent
What is a solid surfacing
This is a homogeneous polymer-based surfacing material
What is the commonly used measure of a flooring material’s slip resistance
The coefficient of friction COF is typically used as a measure of this characteristic of a flooring material
On an interior construction project, what is a contractors typical profit range (as a percentage)
5% to 15% is a typical range for this budget item on an interior construction project
What is a cost index and how is it used
This number relates construction or other costs to a base amount . It is used to account for the variables of geographical location and inflation over time
What is a discount rate
This is a number used to convert future costs to their equivalent present values
What is the thin set method of installing stone flooring
This method of installing stone flooring uses either a special mortar about 1/8” thick or an adhesive
What are five common types of resilient flooring
vinyl vinyl composition rubber cork linoleum
What is velvet carpet
This is a carpet made by a simple weaving method that places all the pile yarn on the face of the carpet
What are four reasons why carpet cushions are used
This material is used with carpeting to provide support for the pile yarn increase dimensional stability provide added strength give a softer feel underfoot
What are the two broad classifications of paint
water based
solvent based
In terms of wallpaper installation, what is a drop match
This method of wallpaper installation is used when one piece must be raised or lowered in relation to adjacent pieces to continue the pattern
What are four common ways to install fabric wallcovering
This is commonly installed in one of four ways applied directly using an adhesive using custom fabric panels using a proprietary stretch-wall system using acoustic panels
What is tackable acoustic fiberglass
This is a noncombustible fibrous glass mat bonded with a resinous binder and formed into a rigid board with a finish of thin, rigid fiberglass mesh
How is a tungsten halogen lamp different from a standard incandescent lamp
The former includes a small amount of a halogen with the inert gas and is made from a bulb of quartz. It lasts longer than the latter, produces a whiter light, and produces a more uniform light over time
How does a high intensity discharge lamp work
This type of lamp works by passing an electric current through a gas or vapor under high pressure
How is the color temperature of a light source determined
The value is based on the temperature, in degrees Kelvin, to which a black body radiator would have to be heated to produce the same hue as a particular light source
What is a lumen LM
This unit is the amount of luminous flux produced by a point source of one candlepower (candela) in a solid angle of on steradian.
On a sphere with a radius of one unit an area of one square unit will subtend an angle of one steradian
What is high pressure decorative laminate HPDL
This is a common finishing material used with millwork, made from kraft paper overlaid with a patterned or colored sheet and a layer of melamine resin
What is the difference between a contractors general overhead and project overhead
The first is the cost of running a business. The second consists of those expenses incurred in completing a specific job that are not labor, material, or equipment
What is the parameter method
This method of estimating allows the interior designer to itemize components along with their unit costs
What is life cycle cost analysis
This is a method of determining the total cost of a building or building component or system. Initial costs are added to the costs of financing, operation, maintenance, and disposal, estimated over the useful life of the material or system
What are the four basic types of traditional wood flooring
The four basic types are strip plank block end grainblock
What is marble
This is a metamorphic rock that is converted by heat and pressure from limestone into calcite and or dolomite
What are four disadvantages of using a thick set application for stone flooring
added weight to the subfloor
longer installation time
additional thickness
additional cost
Why would a designer want to use a wilton carpet?
This carpet type would be used to produce a complex pattern with different surface textures
In terms of paint, what is the vehicle and how does it work
This is the liquid portion of paint, composed of a nonvolatile binder and volatile part called the solvent. The binder combines with the body to form the final film, while the solvent dissolves the binder to allow for application and later either evaporates or dries
What two paint types are often used to achieve a very durable surface
Epoxy and urethane paints are often used to achieve this kind of surface
What are the three grades of vinyl wallcovering
Type I light duty
Type II medium duty
Type III heavy duty
What is the primary benefit of using a hydrophobic fabric wallcovering
This type of fabric wallcovering does not absorb and hold moisture, so it does not sag or distort
What is illuminance
This is the density of luminous flux incident on a surface in lumens per unit area
In us units 1 lm uniformly incident on 1 ft sq produces an illuminance of 1 footcandle fc
What is luminous efficiency
This is the ratio of the luminous flux emitted by a light source to the power used by the light source
How does a fluorescent lamp produce light
In this type of lamp, an electric arc is formed, generating ultraviolet light. When this light strikes the phosphor coating on the inside of the lamp, the phosphor fluoresces, generating visible light
What is a light emitting diode LED
This is a semiconductor device that uses solid state electronics to create light
What is a color rendition index
This is a numerical measure of how well a light source renders the color of an object when compared to the same object lit by a reference source of the same color temperature
What is the coefficient of utilization CU
This value is a measure of how efficiently a luminaire distributes light under various degrees of finish reflectivity
What is quarter sawing
This is a method of sawing lumber in which the saw cut line is mostly perpendicular to the tree rings in a quarter section of the log
Which method of sawing or slicing veneers produces a characteristics cathedral grain pattern in most species of wood
Plain sawing or plain slicing, produces this appearance in most wood species
What is a flitch
This is the collection of veneers that have been sliced off the same log
What is used to fit a cabinet tightly to an irregular wall
A scribe piece is used for this
What is bookmatching
This is a method of assembling veneers in which every other piece sliced off the log is turned over
What is blue print matching
This is the most exacting method of matching veneer panels in a room, such that grain continuity is maintained across doors, cabinets, and other obstructions
What is another term for raised panel construction
Stile and rail paneling is another term for this type of construction
Under what conditions would a wood veneer not have to adhere to flame spread requirements
When a wood veneer is less than .036 in thick and applied to a noncombustible material, these requirements do not apply
What is a composite wood veneer
This is a sustainable product manufactured by laminating veneers from commonly available trees onto an artificial log, which is then sliced to produce the final veneers
What are the five basic activities of project management
This task involves five basic activities planning monitoring coordination and directing documenting closing out a project
When a project is complete, who takes ownership of the contract documents
At the end of a job, the interior designer retains the rights of ownership to these
What are the six primary phases of design services, as outlined by the AIA Standard form of Agreement Between Owner and Architect for Architectural Interior Design Services
This document outlines the following primary phases of design services programming schematic design design development contract documents bidding or negotiation contract administration
What is a purchase order, and why is it used
This form gives the receiving party all the necessary information to supply goods or services and authorizes the purchase of the items listed on the form
What is considered to be the project cost
This is the total cost to the owner of all components of a project, including construction, furniture, equipment, the contractors overhead and profit, and the costs of managing or supervising construction
What kinds of expenses are NOT included in the project cost
These include the designer’s professional fees consultants’ fees, financing cost, and other costs that are the responsibility of the owner
How is a negotiated contract different from a bid or tendered contract
With the former, the owner selects a contractor to do the work and the two discuss the cost and terms of contract
With the latter several contractors view the contract documents and submit cost proposals
What are the two common ways to notify prospective contractors that a project is being bid
The two common ways to accomplish this are to
advertise for bids in local newspapers and trade journals
send invitation to bid forms to prospective bidders
What is an addendum
This is a written or graphic document issued by the interior designer before the execution of the contract that modifies or interprets the bidding documents by additions, deletions, clarifications or corrections
Under what conditions can a contractor propose substitutions during bidding
Bidders must request written approval of these atleast 10 days before bid opening. The request must include documentation showing that the proposal meets the requirements of the contract documents
What seven types of information are typically included in the instructions to bidders
procedures for submitting bids where to obtain bidding documents procedures for opening bids submitttals required with the bids bidders representation statements required bonds procedures for issuing addenda and other modifications
What is bid security
This is a certified check, cashiers check, or bid bond requested by the owner to ensure that the successful bidder will fulfill the contract
What is a performance bond
This is a statement by a surety company that obligates the surety company to complete construction of the owners project if the contractor defaults
What is the purpose of a labor and material payment bond
This is used to guarantee payment for labor and materials on a project if the contractor defaults or otherwise fails to make payments
What are five of the most common variables that can affect the cost of a project when bidding occurs
This aspect of a project bid can be affected by the
actual costs to the contractor and subcontractors
current competitiveness
What is a unit price
This is a set cost for providing a portion of the construction work that is based on an individual quantity, such as per unit or per square foot
In regard to interior design what is an allowance
This a set amount of money that the interior designer estimates will cover the cost of a particular item (construction or furnishing) when that cost cannot be determined precisely at the time of the bid or negotiated proposal
What are four types of written modifications that can be made after the execution of a contract
a change order
an amendment to the contract
a written order for minor changes in the work
a written interpretation by the interior designer
What is retainage (also called holdback in Canada)
This is a percentage (usually 10%) of each payment to a contractor or vendor that is withheld by the owner for the purpose of protecting the owner against incomplete or defective work
What form does a vendor or contractor use to request a payment from the owner
An application for payment for is used for this
In regard to interior design, what is substantial complete
In a construction project, this is the stage when the work, or a designated portion of it, is sufficiently complete according to the contract documents that the owner can occupy or use the site even though a few minor items may yet need to be finished or corrected
Who has the authority to stop construction
On a construction project, only the owner can authorize this action
What is a change order
This is a form used to authorize a change in contract time, contract cost, or both, made after the execution of the contract. It is generally prepared by the interior designer and must be signed by the designer contractor and owner
What are shop drawings
These are detailed drawings, diagrams,and other data, prepared by a subcontractor or supplier, that show exactly how the provider intends to supply and install work to meet the contract requirements. They are submitted to the contractor and interior designer for approval
What is the basic process for getting approval on submittals from the subcontractors or suppliers
First the submittal is sent to the general contractor, who reviews it and then sends it to the interior designer for approval
if the submittal also requires a review by one of the designers consultants, it is sent to the consultant for review
the submittal is then sent back to the contractor, who returns it to the party who originally made the submittal
What are the interior designer’s obligations during construction observation
become generally familiar with the progress and quality of the work
keep the owner informed about the progress of the work
endeavor to guard the owner against defect in the work
determine in general if the work is progressing in such a way that it is in accordance with the contract documents
Who has the authority to reject work that does not conform to the contract documents
The interior designer can reject work that does not conform to these
In regard to interior design, what is a claim
This is a demand or assertion by the contractor or owner seeking payment of money, an extension of time, or an adjustment or interpretation of the contract terms
What are two common types of construction claims
claims for additional time
claims for concealed or unknown conditions
How is mediation different from arbitration
With the former, a neutral third party facilitates an agreement between the disputing parties, but the agreement is not binding.
With the latter, the third party hears arguments and renders a decision accordingto specified rules, and the decision is binding
What are six things the interior designer is NOT responsible for during contract administration
During this phase of a project, the designer is not responsible for
What is a construction change directive
This is a written order, prepared by the interior designer, directing the contractor to make a change before the owner and contractor have agreed on the amount of adjustments in cost time or both
What are six common reasons why a designer might withhold payment to a contractor
the work is defective
the contractor failed to pay the subcontractors
the contractor has damaged the property of the owner or another contractor
third party claims have been filed
evidence exists that the work will not be completed on time
the contractor failed to conform to the contract documents
What is a punch list (known in Canada as deficiency list)
This is a list of items made by the interior designer during the final inspection. It includes anything that needs to be completed or corrected by the contractor if not in accordance with the contract documents
What is a purchase order
This is a document sent to a manufacturer or vendor that lists all the items to be purchased along with the prices, catalog numbers, and shipping information
What is required from a manufacturer after it recieves a purchase order from the designer
A confirmation or acknowledgments is required from the manufacturer after receiving this from the designer
What is a packing list
This is a detailed list of item descriptions and quantities in a shipment that is attached to one of the items shipped
What is a drop ship order
This is a request to ship furniture or other goods to an address different from the address of the company placing the order
What is a bill of lading1
This is a document that lists the contents of a shipment from a manufacturer or vendor
What is a freight bill
This is the invoice from a shipping company
What is a sales agreement
This is a document signed by the client that obligates the client to pay for the various items listed in the agreement
If all bids on a project exceed the owner’s budget, what four options are available to the owner
If this happens, the owner can
rebid (or renegotiate) the contract
authorize an increase in construction costs
work with the designer to reduce the scope of the project
abandon the project
What are seven of the items the contractor must submit to the owner during project closeout
the bonds
all warranties
any extra stock of materials
a set of record drawings
the certificate of occupancy
documentation required by the final application for payment
maintenance contracts and equipment operating instruction
On an interior construction project, who is responsible for the final electrical drawings
On an interior construction project, the electrical engineer is responsible for this aspect of the plans
What consultant is responsible for designing new openings in the floor of an existing building
The structural engineer is responsible for designing openings in the floor of this type of building
Which consultant must assist the interior designer when a project requires the installation of heavy equipment
A structural engineer
Who may design a buildings sprinkler system
mechanical engineer, fire protection engineer, or in some cases a fire protection contractor
In determining the total time required for a project, who is responsible for estimating the construction time
The contractor is responsible for this aspect of the total project schedule
Who is responsible for determining the accuracy and completeness of dimension, details, and quantities on shop drawings
The contractor is responsible for these items on shop drawings
Who is responsible for providing any laboratory tests, inspections, and reports required by the contract documents
When these procedures are required by the contract documents, the owner must provide them
What is involved in generating a fee projection
In process, the total fee the designer will receive, after amounts for profit, overhead, and other expenses are deducted, is allocated to the schedule and to the various staff members who will be completing the project
What is a sole proprietorship
This is a type of business that is owned by an individual who is personally liable for all debts of the company
What are some of the advantages of a partnership as a business organization
Advantages of this type of organization include the following
it is easy to form
the work is spread among several owners
the different and unique skills of several owners can be used
employees can be hired as necessary
What is a liimited liability company
This is a type of business that combines the advantages of a corporation with those of a partnership
What does general liability insurance cover
This type of insurance covers a range of items, including property damage, personal injury caused by the designer or employees, and other liabilities if contractors or subcontractors do not have their own insurance
What type of insurance should an interior designer have to protect against fire and theft
Property insurance covers these situations
What is direct personnell expense
This is the expense of employee salaries plus the cost of mandatory and discretionary expenses and benefits
What is indirect labor
This is all labor NOT charged to a project or to a revenue-producing account
What is the chargeable ratio (or utilization rate) of a business
For a business, this is the percentage of time or money spent on direct labor divided by the total time or money spent on direct and indirect labor in addition to vacation holiday and sick leave
What type of license would an interior designer need in order to buy furniture at wholesale and sell it at retail
An interior designer would need a sales tax license (or resale license) to do this
In regard to interior design, what is agency
This is a legal term for a relationship in which the interior designer acts on behalf of the client in dealings with a contractor or vendor
In legal terms, what is negligence
This legal term describes the failure to use due care to avoid harming another person or another person’s property
In a designer’s contract, what purpose does an indemnification clause serve
This type of clause attempts to hold harmless both the owner and interior designer for any damages, claims, or losses resulting from the performance of others with whom the interior designer has no contractual relationships
What is a contract
This is an agreement between two parties in which one party makes an offer to receive something in return for services and the other party accepts the offer
What four tasks does the interior designer normally perform during schematic design phase of a project
prepares diagrams and drawings showing the general functional relationships required by the project
develops preliminary space plans
prepares design concepts, including colors, finishes, and furniture
prepares a preliminary statement of probable project costs
What are seven common additional services, outside the scope of standard services, that may be provided by the interior designer
investigating existing conditions or facilities
making detailed inventories of materials or furniture
assisting with graphics or signage
assisting with the procurement of art
receiving and accepting furniture on behalf of the client
making as-built drawings
participating in selection interviews with prospective contractors
What are five ways an interior designer can charge for services
a fixed fee
an hourly rate
a percentage of this projects cost
a rate per area (SF) planned or designed
reselling wholesale furniture purchases at retail prices
What are the four primary advantages of negotiating a contract
the owner can use a specific contractor
a realistic project cost is developed from the beginning
the contractor can assist in reducing the cost of the project
the contractor can point out potential problems in the design
What two types of contracts are typically used on large commercial interior design projects
This type of project calls for two contract types
construction contract
contract for furniture, fixtures, and equipment
What are the six basic components of an owner-vendor agreement (or owner-contractor agreement)
the agreement intself
the conditions of the contract (general supplementary and other)
the drawings
the specifications
all addenda
all modifications issued after the execution of the agreement
What are liquidated damages
These are moneys paid by the contractor to the owner for every day the contractor is late at completing a project
What is the contract time
This is the period from the starting date established in the agreement to the time of substantial completion
What part of a contract agreement may be used to include unique contract elements that modify the general conditions of the contract for construction
In a contract agreement, the supplementary conditions are used to modify these
What two things are required before an interior designer can resell furniture to a client
To do this a designer needs a resale license and established credit
What are five of the responsibilities of the owner during furniture installation
During this phase of a project, the owner is responsible for
providing facilities for delivery, unloading, and staging
providing a route from the delivery point to the final placement point
giving a firm schedule to the contractor for unloading facilities
paying for costs due to the owners failure to conform to the schedule
providing security
In interior design, what type of behavior is considered negligence
This is a designer’s failure ro use the care ordinarily exercised in similar cases by qualified designers and the failure to use reasonable diligence and professional judgement
What are the three obligations of the interior designer during the bidding phase of a project
During this phase of a project, the designer assists the owner (client) in preparing the documents and forms of agreement by
filing the necessary forms for governmental approvals
obtaining proposals
evaluating the contractors proposals
