Green crime Flashcards
What does Beck mean by Global Risk Society
Late modern society - we can provide resources for all but this leads to manufactured risks. e.g. global warming from greenhouse gas emissions. Many of these risks are global. Thus, there is a global risk society.
what is an example of the global risk society?
2010 - global warming = heatwave and grain shortage in Russia = export ban which pushed up world price of grain.
Mozambique = dependent on imports but as price rose there was extensive looting of food stores
What is traditional criminology concerned with?
behaviour that breaks criminal law
Situ and Emmons definition of environmental crime
unauthorised acts or an omission that violates the law
pro and con of traditional criminology
PRO - clearly defined subject matter
CON- accepts official definition of environmental crimes which are shaped by the elite to serve their own interests
What is green criminology sometimes reffered to as?
Transgressive criminology - oversteps boundaries of traditional criminology
Zemiological - study of harms
How does green criminology have a global perspective on environmental crime?
Different countries have different laws so legal definitions cannot provide a consistent strtandard of harm. By moving away from legal definifions green criminology has global perspective on environ. harm.
What are White’s green perceptions of crime?
ECOCENTRIC - stresses the inter-dependence of humans and the enviroment. Environ. harm = major harm to humankind.
ANTHROPOCENTRIC - transnational corporations assume humans have the right to dominate nature of their own ends.
South - primary green crime definition
direct destruction and degredation of the Earth’s resources
secondary green crimes
grows out of the flouting of rules aimed at preventing environmental disasters
Examples of primary green crime:
AIR POLLUTION - Walters - 2x as many people die from air pollition induced breathing problems than 20 yrs ago
DEFORESTATION - 1960-90 1/5 of tropical rainforest = destroyed e.g. illegal logging
SPECIES DECLINE/ANIMAL ABUSE- 50 species a day = extinct and old crimes are rising e.g. dog fights
WATER POLLUTION - 1/2 a billion lack access to clean water.
Examples of secondary green crime:
STATE VIOLENCE AGIANST OPPOSITIONAL GROUPS - French SS blew up Greenpeace ship rainbow warrior
HAZARDOUS WASTE/ORGANISED CRIME - disposal of toxic waste from industry = profitable
High cost of legal disposal promotes crime
how does illegal dumping have a globalised character?
Bridgland - 2004 - hundreds of radioactive barrels illegally dumped by EU companies washed up on Somalian shores.
Rosoff- cost of legal disposal in US is $2500 but $3 per ton in 3rd world countries
how does illegal disposal illustrate the problem of law enforcement in globalised world?
The very existence of laws to regulate disposal pushes up costs and incentive to dump illegal
Positives of green criminology
recognises growing importance of environ. issues and manufacutred global risks
recognises importance of harm - Zeminology
