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Greek > Greek history > Flashcards

Greek history Flashcards

1
Q

Chigi vase (Archaic Age)

A

had a depiction of archaic warfare

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2
Q

Armies (Archaic Age)

A
  • fight to quickly gain prestige and territory
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3
Q

Cavalry (Archaic Age)

A
  • dark age innovation
  • small horses
  • no chariots
  • no stirrups
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4
Q

Light infantry (Archaic Age)

A
  • stone slinging
  • archery
  • couldn’t afford equipment
  • no landowners (no reason to fight)
  • were rarely used
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5
Q

Hoplite: heavy armed infantryman (Archaic Age)

A
  • Land owning citizen farmers

- was the warriors choice

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6
Q

Hoplite’ panoply

A
  • all their equipment
  • supplied by hoplite
  • no unity (each warrior provided their own amour)
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7
Q

Hoplite’s helmets

A

Leather skull caps and bronze helmet with horse Mohawk, with a boar on the side

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8
Q

Hoplite’s bronze cuirass

A

Hot, heavy, costly and can be pierced by spears

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9
Q

Hoplite’s linothorax

A

Cheap, light and effective against spears

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10
Q

Hoplite’s Greaves

A

Bronze shin guards, gorgon on the knees to scare enemies

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11
Q

Hoplite’s Aspis

A
  • shield
  • 3 layers (wooden core, light bronze covering, inside was wool or leather)
  • 1 meter in diameter
  • decorated with pictures
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12
Q

Hoplite’s phalanx

A
  • 6-8 rows of soldiers
  • 1st 3 rows had their spears raised, back row starts to push the front row to make them clash
  • who ever broke first lost
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13
Q

Age of Colonization (Archaic Age)

A

Development of: privacy, naval warfare and thalassocracy (sea power)

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14
Q

Battle of Himeras (480 BCE)

A
  • Akragas/Syracuse vs Himera
  • Greeks won = indemnity temples
  • Akragas get slaves for building projects
  • Syracuse gain control on 2/3 of Slcily
  • same time as the Salamis
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15
Q

Battle of Cumae (474 BCE)

A
  • Battle of track
  • Persian war
  • king of Persia (Darius)
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16
Q

Phase 1 (492 BCE)

A

1) Darius sent his son (Mardonius) to marched along the shore of Athens to live off the land.
2) Navy destroyed by storm and people attacked by citizens.

17
Q

Phase 2 (490 BCE)

A

1) attack across Aegean Sea
2) Persians attack Eritrea
3) Plataia helps, not Sparta

18
Q

Battle of Marathon (490 BCE)

A

1) Persians succeeded in pushing back the Athenians
2) Plataeans on the left/ Athenians on the right flank
3) seeing impending defeat Persians to flee and embark transports offshore

19
Q

Phase 3 (480 BCE)

A

1) Xerxes invade, largest invasion force in Europe until D day
2) Darius has died and Xerxes (son) is his successor
3) Greeks send force to Thermopylae to stall Persians

20
Q

Themistokles

A
  • Father of the Athenian navy
21
Q

Battle of Thermopylae

A
  • to stall Persians
  • 300 Spartans
  • 900 slaves
  • 5000 other soldiers
  • Persians go to Athens and destroy Acropolis
  • Greek cities came together to fight
22
Q

Battle of Salamis (480 BCE)

A
  • Queen Artemisia of Halicarnassoa advises Xerxes to not fight in battle
  • command 5 ships, sank one of her own ships
  • commit suicide
23
Q

Battle of Plataia (479 BCE)

A
  • Last battle of the Persian War
  • Greeks win
  • Greek cities include: Athens, Sparta, Corinth and Megaera
24
Q

Importance of the Persian War

A
  • Major turning point in Western History
  • End of Archaic age
  • Athens and Sparta merged
  • Shaped Greek ideology
25
Q

Drako: legal reforms (620 BCE)

A
  • 1st written law code in Athens death penalty widely used

- Draconian: excessively harsh

26
Q

Solon: Legal reforms

A
  • soften draconian laws
  • Heliaia (law courts)
  • poor now eligible for jury duty (power)
    1) increased ekklesia membership
    2) wealth was only qualification for office (4 economic class)
    3) council of 400 (100 men per tribe)
27
Q

Solon: Economic reforms

A

1) Outlawed slavery for debt
2) cancelled debts for the poor
3) established commercial base (waned foreign craftsmen to come to Athens in exchanges for citizenship)

28
Q

The Tryannicides (514 BCE)

A
  • Harmodius and Aristogeiton (two men from Athens)
  • assassinated Hippias
  • Brother Hippias: last mainland Greek tyrant
29
Q

Kleisthenes: political reforms

A
  • Father of democracy
    1) 10 new tribes
  • named after mystical hero (different part of cities)
    2) New Boyle: council of 500
  • over 30, can serve 1 year term twice
  • chosen out a hat
    3) Increased size of Ekklesia
  • had to be male, at least 18 and a citizen
30
Q

Multi purpose Agora

A

Social, administration, political, legal, military, religious and economic centre

31
Q

Macedonia expansion

A

1) Illyria
- fought side by side
- they had a daughter
2) Epirus
- Alliance with Epirus through marriage give birth to Alexander
3) Thessaly
- 2 separate marriage alliances of 2 daughters

32
Q

Alexander the 3 (the great)

A
  • Inherits Phillip the 2nd (father) army
  • Greeks didn’t want to follow a 20 yr old
  • king of Macedon
33
Q

Hellenistic Age (323-30 BCE)

A

1) change in government
- Generals
- Objects of ruler cults
2) change in warfare
- larger-scale battles
- use of elephants
3) change in sculpture
- subject: children, old ladies
4) change in coinage
- from classic Greek gods to Hellenistic rulers

34
Q

Merchant ship and trireme

A
  • Trireme had 3 sets of rowers
  • 31 (per side) on top, 27 middle and 31 bottom
  • rowers were poor citizens
  • top speed of 15 km
  • rowed to flute music
35
Q

Order of battles in Persian war

A

Himeras, Cumae, Marathon, Thermopylae, Salamis, Plataia

36
Q

750-479 BCE

A

Archaic Age (till end of Persian war)

37
Q

479-323 BCE

A

Classical Age (till Alexandar the great’s death)

38
Q

323-330 BCE

A

Hellenistic age

Greek (5 decks)

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