Greek history

Question 1

Chigi vase (Archaic Age)

Answer 1

had a depiction of archaic warfare

Question 2

Armies (Archaic Age)

Answer 2

• fight to quickly gain prestige and territory

Question 3

Cavalry (Archaic Age)

Answer 3

• dark age innovation
• small horses
• no chariots
• no stirrups

Question 4

Light infantry (Archaic Age)

Answer 4

• stone slinging
• archery
• couldn’t afford equipment
• no landowners (no reason to fight)
• were rarely used

Question 5

Hoplite: heavy armed infantryman (Archaic Age)

Answer 5

• Land owning citizen farmers

- was the warriors choice

Question 6

Hoplite’ panoply

Answer 6

• all their equipment
• supplied by hoplite
• no unity (each warrior provided their own amour)

Question 7

Hoplite’s helmets

Answer 7

Leather skull caps and bronze helmet with horse Mohawk, with a boar on the side

Question 8

Hoplite’s bronze cuirass

Answer 8

Hot, heavy, costly and can be pierced by spears

Question 9

Hoplite’s linothorax

Answer 9

Cheap, light and effective against spears

Question 10

Hoplite’s Greaves

Answer 10

Bronze shin guards, gorgon on the knees to scare enemies

Question 11

Hoplite’s Aspis

Answer 11

• shield
• 3 layers (wooden core, light bronze covering, inside was wool or leather)
• 1 meter in diameter
• decorated with pictures

Question 12

Hoplite’s phalanx

Answer 12

• 6-8 rows of soldiers
• 1st 3 rows had their spears raised, back row starts to push the front row to make them clash
• who ever broke first lost

Question 13

Age of Colonization (Archaic Age)

Answer 13

Development of: privacy, naval warfare and thalassocracy (sea power)

Question 14

Battle of Himeras (480 BCE)

Answer 14

• Akragas/Syracuse vs Himera
• Greeks won = indemnity temples
• Akragas get slaves for building projects
• Syracuse gain control on 2/3 of Slcily
• same time as the Salamis

Question 15

Battle of Cumae (474 BCE)

Answer 15

• Battle of track
• Persian war
• king of Persia (Darius)

Question 16

Phase 1 (492 BCE)

Answer 16

1) Darius sent his son (Mardonius) to marched along the shore of Athens to live off the land.
2) Navy destroyed by storm and people attacked by citizens.

Question 17

Phase 2 (490 BCE)

Answer 17

1) attack across Aegean Sea
2) Persians attack Eritrea
3) Plataia helps, not Sparta

Question 18

Battle of Marathon (490 BCE)

Answer 18

1) Persians succeeded in pushing back the Athenians
2) Plataeans on the left/ Athenians on the right flank
3) seeing impending defeat Persians to flee and embark transports offshore

Question 19

Phase 3 (480 BCE)

Answer 19

1) Xerxes invade, largest invasion force in Europe until D day
2) Darius has died and Xerxes (son) is his successor
3) Greeks send force to Thermopylae to stall Persians

Question 20

Themistokles

Answer 20

• Father of the Athenian navy

Question 21

Battle of Thermopylae

Answer 21

• to stall Persians
• 300 Spartans
• 900 slaves
• 5000 other soldiers
• Persians go to Athens and destroy Acropolis
• Greek cities came together to fight

Question 22

Battle of Salamis (480 BCE)

Answer 22

• Queen Artemisia of Halicarnassoa advises Xerxes to not fight in battle
• command 5 ships, sank one of her own ships
• commit suicide

Question 23

Battle of Plataia (479 BCE)

Answer 23

• Last battle of the Persian War
• Greeks win
• Greek cities include: Athens, Sparta, Corinth and Megaera

Question 24

Importance of the Persian War

Answer 24

• Major turning point in Western History
• End of Archaic age
• Athens and Sparta merged
• Shaped Greek ideology

Question 25

Drako: legal reforms (620 BCE)

Answer 25

- 1st written law code in Athens death penalty widely used | - Draconian: excessively harsh

Question 26

Solon: Legal reforms

Answer 26

- soften draconian laws - Heliaia (law courts) - poor now eligible for jury duty (power) 1) increased ekklesia membership 2) wealth was only qualification for office (4 economic class) 3) council of 400 (100 men per tribe)

Question 27

Solon: Economic reforms

Answer 27

1) Outlawed slavery for debt 2) cancelled debts for the poor 3) established commercial base (waned foreign craftsmen to come to Athens in exchanges for citizenship)

Question 28

The Tryannicides (514 BCE)

Answer 28

- Harmodius and Aristogeiton (two men from Athens) - assassinated Hippias - Brother Hippias: last mainland Greek tyrant

Question 29

Kleisthenes: political reforms

Answer 29

- Father of democracy 1) 10 new tribes - named after mystical hero (different part of cities) 2) New Boyle: council of 500 - over 30, can serve 1 year term twice - chosen out a hat 3) Increased size of Ekklesia - had to be male, at least 18 and a citizen

Question 30

Multi purpose Agora

Answer 30

Social, administration, political, legal, military, religious and economic centre

Question 31

Macedonia expansion

Answer 31

1) Illyria - fought side by side - they had a daughter 2) Epirus - Alliance with Epirus through marriage give birth to Alexander 3) Thessaly - 2 separate marriage alliances of 2 daughters

Question 32

Alexander the 3 (the great)

Answer 32

- Inherits Phillip the 2nd (father) army - Greeks didn't want to follow a 20 yr old - king of Macedon

Question 33

Hellenistic Age (323-30 BCE)

Answer 33

1) change in government - Generals - Objects of ruler cults 2) change in warfare - larger-scale battles - use of elephants 3) change in sculpture - subject: children, old ladies 4) change in coinage - from classic Greek gods to Hellenistic rulers

Question 34

Merchant ship and trireme

Answer 34

- Trireme had 3 sets of rowers - 31 (per side) on top, 27 middle and 31 bottom - rowers were poor citizens - top speed of 15 km - rowed to flute music

Question 35

Order of battles in Persian war

Answer 35

Himeras, Cumae, Marathon, Thermopylae, Salamis, Plataia

Question 36

750-479 BCE

Answer 36

Archaic Age (till end of Persian war)

Question 37

479-323 BCE

Answer 37

Classical Age (till Alexandar the great's death)

Question 38

323-330 BCE

Answer 38

Hellenistic age