Greek Grammar combined Flashcards
Identify the verb “ἐστί(ν)” and translate.
present tense 3rd person singular. He/she/it is
What is the gender, case and number of ‘ὁ’?
Nominative, Masculine, Singular
Change the phrase “τὰς μικρὰς οἰκίας” from nominative to accusative (or opposite) then translate.
αἱ μικραὶ οἰκίαι. “the small houses”
Identify the verb “δύνανται” and translate.
Present Indicative Active 3rd person plural. “they are able, can”
With first declension nouns in the mixed category. Using the root ‘θάλασσα’. What is the feminine singular noun of the Genitive?
θαλάσσης
Using the root ‘ἄνθρωπον’. What is the second declension, masculine singular noun of the Accusative
τὸν ἄνθρωπον
What case describes the direct object?
The accusative case.
Identify the verb “γινόμεθα” and translate.
Present Indicative Active 1st person plural. “We become”
Identify the personal pronoun ‘αὐτῇ’. Translate.
Third person Feminine Dative singular “to/for her”
Identify the verb “δύνασθαι” and translate.
Present Infinitive Active. “to be able”
What is a deponent verb?
A deponent verb is a verb that looks like middle or passive. It borrows the endings from the middle or passive voice, however it’s meaning is active.
Using the root ‘ἄνθρωπον’. What is the second declension, masculine singular noun of the Genitive
τοῦ ἀνθρώπου
What case/s does the prepostion ‘πρὸς’ appear before? How should it be translated?
The Accusative case. “toward, with”
What is morphology?
Morphology has to do with how the words look like.
What accent mark is ` ?
The Grave
What is the gender, case and number of ‘τῆς’?
Genitive, Feminine, Singular
What breathing mark is ‘ ἁ ‘ and does it carry with it a certain sound?
a rough breathing mark. It has a ‘h’ sound before the vowel.
What is the predicate (of a sentence)?
Mostly a verb. It’s what is said about the subject.
Identify the first declension masculine noun “προφήτης”.
Nominative singular
With first declension nouns ending in ‘α’. Using the root ‘σοφία’. What is the feminine singular noun of the Genitive?
σοφίας
Using the root “καλ-“ what is the Accusative, Masculine, Singular form?
καλόν
Identify the personal pronoun ‘σοῦ’. Translate.
Second person Genitive singular, emphatic “of you”
Using the root ‘τέκνον’. What is the second declension, neuter plural noun of the Nominative
τὰ τέκνα
Change the phrase “ἡμεῖς” from nominative to accusative (or opposite) then translate.
ἡμᾶς. “we”
Translate the phrase “ἀγαθὴ ἡ γῆ”. What form is it?
The earth is good. Predicate.
Identify the case of the prepostion in the phrase ‘εἰς τὸ πρόσωπον’. Translate.
Accusative. “into his face”
Identify the verb “γράφομεν” and translate?
Present Indicative Active 1st person plural. We write.
With first declension nouns in the mixed category. Using the root ‘θάλασσα’. What is the feminine plural noun of the Genitive?
θαλασσῶν
What is a conjunction?
A word that joins together two sentences, clauses or words. E.g. and, but, because, also. Etc.
Identify the case of the prepostion in the phrase ‘διὰ τὴν γῆν’. Translate.
Accusative. “because of the land”
Which vowel takes ONLY a rough breathing mark at the beginning?
The ‘υ’ (upsilon).
what is the only consonant that takes a rough breathing mark at the beginning?
The ‘ρ’ (Rho)
What does the definite article need to agree with in the noun?
The gender, number and the case.
Change the phrase “τὸν ὅλον κόσμον” from nominative to accusative (or opposite) then translate.
ὁ ὅλος κόσμος. “The whole universe”
What is the gender, case and number of ‘οἱ’?
Nominative, Masculine, Plural
Identify the verb “ἦτε” and translate.
past tense 2nd person plural. You (all) were
If there is no article in front of the adjective, how is it to be translated?
It’s translated with a linking verb. i.e. “to be, become”.
Identify the personal pronoun ‘αὐτός’. Translate.
Third person Masculine Nominative singular “he”
What is a adjective?
A word that adds further description to a noun.
Translate the phrase “τὰ αὐτά”. Is it Attributive or Predicate?
The same things. Attributive position.
Identify the personal pronoun ‘αὐτούς’. Translate.
Third person Masculine Accusative plural “them”
Change the phrase “τῇ πρώτῃ ἡμέρᾳ” from singular to plural (or opposite) then translate.
ταῖς πρώταις ἡμέραις. “to the first days”
Translate the phrase “αὐτὴ ἡ γῆ”. Is it Attributive or Predicate?
The land itself. Predicate position.
Identify the verb “γράφω” and translate?
Present Indicative Active 1st person singular. I write.
Using the root “καλ-“ what is the Genitive, Masculine, Singular form?
καλοῦ
Identify the verb “γράφεις” and translate?
Present Indicative Active 2nd person singular. You write.
Identify the case of the prepostion in the phrase ‘πρὸς τὸν θεόν’. Translate.
Accusative. “towards God”
Identify the first declension masculine noun “προφῆται”.
Nominative plural
With first declension nouns in the mixed category. Using the root ‘θάλασσα’. What is the feminine singular noun of the Accusative?
θάλασσαν
Using the root ‘τέκνον’. What is the second declension, neuter plural noun of the Genitive
τῶν τέκνων
What is the gender, case and number of ‘τό’?
Nominative Or Accusative, Neuter, Singular
What case/s does the prepostion ‘ἐπάνω’ appear before? How should it be translated?
The Genitive case. “above / over / upon”
With first declension nouns in the mixed category. Using the root ‘θάλασσα’. What is the feminine plural noun of the Dative?
θαλάσσαις
What is the gender, case and number of ‘τοῦ’?
Genitive, Masculine Or Neuter, Singular
Identify the personal pronoun ‘αὐτῶν’. Translate.
Third person Masculine Genitive plural “their” OR Third person Feminine Genitive plural “their” OR Third person Neuter Genitive plural “their”
Identify the case of the prepostion in the phrase ‘ἐν ἀρχῇ’. Translate.
Dative. “in the beginning”
Identify the personal pronoun ‘μοι’. Translate.
First person Dative singular, enclitic “to/for me”
What case/s does the prepostion ‘ὑπὲρ’ appear before? How should it be translated?
The Genitive case. “above/beyond”
Identify the verb “ἤμην” and translate.
past tense 1st person singular. I was
Using the root “καλ-“ what is the Dative, Feminine, Singular form?
καλῇ
What is the form of the Substantive Adjective and what’s missing?
Article + Adjective. The noun is missing. It is understood but it is not there.
Identify the first declension masculine noun “προφήτῃ”.
Dative singular
Translate the phrase “τὸ αὐτὸ ἔργον”. Is it Attributive or Predicate?
The same deed. Attributive position.
Identify the first declension masculine noun “προφήτας”.
Accusative plural
Identify the personal pronoun ‘αὐτήν’. Translate.
Third person Feminine Accusative singular “her”
Identify the personal pronoun ‘αὐτάς’. Translate.
Third person Feminine Accusative plural “them”
Identify the personal pronoun ‘αὐτῷ’. Translate.
Third person Masculine Dative singular “to/for him”
Using the root “καλ-“ what is the Genitive, Masculine, Plural form?
καλῶν
If the third person pronoun is functioning like an adjective and it has a definite article, how does it function?
Like an Attributive Adjective. Translate with “same”.
What is syntax?
Syntax is how the word functions in the sentence. i.e. if a word is the subject, direct or indirect object etc.
Identify the personal pronoun ‘με’. Translate.
First person Accusative singular, enclitic “me”
Using the root ‘ἄνθρωπον’. What is the second declension, masculine plural noun of the Nominative
οἱ ἄνθρωποι
Identify the personal pronoun ‘αὐτοῖς’. Translate.
Third person Masculine Dative plural “to/for them” OR Third person Neuter Dative plural “to/for them”
Identify the personal pronoun ‘αὐτόν’. Translate.
Third person Masculine Accusative singular “him”
Identify the verb “γίνῃ” and translate.
Present Indicative Active 2nd person singular. “You become”
Change the phrase “τὰ ἔργα” from singular to plural (or opposite) then translate.
τὸ ἔργον. “the deed”
Identify the personal pronoun ‘σου’. Translate.
Second person Genitive singular, enclitic “of you”
Identify the case of the prepostion in the phrase ‘περὶ τὸν κόσμον’. Translate.
Accusative. “around the universe”
Identify the verb “γράφε” and translate?
Present Imperative Active Singular. Write!
Using the root ‘ἄνθρωπον’. What is the second declension, masculine singular noun of the Nominative
ὁ ἄνθρωπος
How many groups are there in the first declension nouns? What are they?
There are 3. Words ending in ‘η’. Words ending in either ‘α, ι, or ρ’. And a mixed group.
Identify the verb “ἦσαν” and translate.
past tense 3rd person plural. They were
Using the root “καλ-“ what is the Accusative, Masculine, Plural form?
καλούς
Identify the verb “γράφουσι(ν)” and translate?
Present Indicative Active 3rd person plural. They write.
What case describes the subject?
The nominative case.
Using the root ‘ἄνθρωπον’. What is the second declension, masculine plural noun of the Accusative
τοὺς ἀνθρώπους
What is the gender, case and number of ‘τοῖς’?
Dative, Masculine Or Neuter, Plural
Using the root “καλ-“ what is the Dative, Neuter, Plural, form?
καλοῖς
What case/s does there NOT appear a preposition?
The nominative and the vocative cases.
Translate the phrase “ὁ αὐτὸς ἄνθρωπος”. Is it Attributive or Predicate?
The same man. Attributive position.
Identify the first declension masculine noun “προφήτου”.
Genitive singular
Identify the personal pronoun ‘ὑμεῖς’. Translate.
Second person Nominative plural “you”
If a noun ends in ‘ε, ι, or ρ’, how does it decline?
It declines like the ‘σοφία’ group.
With first declension nouns in the mixed category. Using the root ‘θάλασσα’. What is the feminine singular noun of the Nominative?
θάλασσα
Identify the verb “ἐσμέν” and translate.
present tense 1st person plural. We are
What is the gender, case and number of ‘τῶν’?
Genitive, Masculine/Feminine Or Neuter, Plural
Identify the first declension masculine noun “προφήταις”.
Dative plural
With the verb “γράφουσι(ν)”. What is the “ν” called at the end of the verb and in what instance would you see it?
It is called the “movable Nu”. It appears at the end when it is followed by either a vowel or a punctuation mark.
Which case describes the indirect object?
The Dative case.
Using the root ‘τέκνον’. What is the second declension, neuter singular noun of the Accusative
τὸ τέκνον
Using the root “καλ-“ what is the Accusative, Neuter, Plural form?
καλά
Change the phrase “τὸ αὐτὸ τέκνον” from singular to plural (or opposite) then translate.
τὰ αὐτὰ τέκνα. “the same children”
What is the gender, case and number of ‘τῇ’?
Dative, Feminine, Singular
Identify the personal pronoun ‘ὑμῶν’. Translate.
Second person Genitive plural “of you”
Identify the case of the prepostion in the phrase ‘μετὰ τὴν ἡμέραν’. Translate.
Accusative. “after the day”
Change the phrase “ἡ ἐμὴ σοφία” from nominative to accusative (or opposite) then translate.
τὴν ἐμὴν σοφίαν. “my wisdom”
With first declension nouns ending in ‘η’. Using the root ‘ζωη’. What is the feminine singular noun of the Genitive?
ζωῆς
Identify the personal pronoun ‘ὑμῖν’. Translate.
Second person Dative plural “to/for you”
Identify the personal pronoun ‘σε’. Translate.
Second person Accusative singular, enclitic “you”
With first declension nouns ending in ‘η’. Using the root ‘ζωη’. What is the feminine singular noun of the Accusative?
ζωήν
What accent mark is ῀ ?
The circumflex
Identify the verb “εἰμί” and translate.
present tense 1st person singular. I am
With first declension nouns ending in ‘η’. Using the root ‘ζωη’. What is the feminine plural noun of the Dative?
ζωαῖς
Identify the personal pronoun ‘μου’. Translate.
First person Genitive singular, enclitic “of me”
Identify the case of the prepostion in the phrase ‘περὶ τοῦ Πέτρου’. Translate.
Genitive. “concerning Peter”
What case/s does the prepostion ‘μετά’ appear before? How should it be translated?
The Genitive case. “with”. And the Accusative case. “after, behind”
If the third person pronoun is functioning like an adjective and it doesn’t have a definite article, how does it function?
Like a predicate Adjective. Translate with “self OR selves”.
What breathing mark is ‘ ἀ ‘ and does it carry with it a certain sound?
a smooth breathing mark. There is no specific pronounciation.
How is the Dipthong ‘ΕΥ’ sounded?
eu as in Feud (Pronounced seperately like “Hey you”
With first declension nouns ending in ‘η’. Using the root ‘ζωη’. What is the feminine plural noun of the Accusative?
ζωάς
Identify the first declension masculine noun “προφήτην”.
Accusative singular
With first declension nouns in the mixed category. Using the root ‘θάλασσα’. What is the feminine singular noun of the Dative?
θαλάσσῃ
Identify the personal pronoun ‘αὐτῷ’. Translate.
Third person Neuter Dative singular “to/for it”
What accent mark is ´ ?
The accute
What case/s does the prepostion ‘ἐκ’ appear before? How should it be translated?
The Genitive case. “From / Out of”
What is a direct object?
A word that specifies who/what is directly affected by the verb.
What case/s does the prepostion ‘ἀπὸ’ appear before? How should it be translated?
The Genitive case. “Away from”.
Using the root “καλ-“ what is the Nominative, Masculine, Plural form?
καλοί
Using the root ‘τέκνον’. What is the second declension, neuter plural noun of the Vocative
ὦ τέκνα
With first declension nouns ending in ‘η’. Using the root ‘ζωη’. What is the feminine singular noun of the Dative?
ζωῇ
Identify the verb “γίνεσθαι” and translate.
Present Infinitive Active. “to become”
What did the 2nd person singular initially look like before “γίνῃ”? Why does it change?
γίνεσαι. When a sigma appears between vowels ε,α,ι. It tends to drop. The rule is ε + αι = ῃ
With first declension nouns ending in ‘α’. Using the root ‘σοφία’. What is the feminine singular noun of the Accusative?
σοφίαν
Identify the personal pronoun ‘ἡμᾶς’. Translate.
First person Accusative plural “us”
With first declension nouns ending in ‘η’. Using the root ‘ζωη’. What is the feminine plural noun of the Nominative?
ζωαί
With first declension nouns in the mixed category. Using the root ‘θάλασσα’. What is the feminine plural noun of the Accusative?
θαλάσσας
What is the form of the Attributive Adjective?
Article + Adjective + Noun
What is the form of the Predicate Adjective?
Adjective + Article + Noun OR Article + Noun + Adjective
How is the Dipthong ‘ΟΙ’ sounded?
oi as in Oil
Which case expresses possesion?
The Genitive case.
Identify the case of the prepostion in the phrase ‘ἀπὸ τοῦ πονηροῦ’. Translate.
Genitive. “away from evil”
Change the phrase “τὴν ἀληθείαν” from nominative to accusative (or opposite) then translate.
ἡ ἀλήθεια. “the truth”
Using the root ‘ἄνθρωπον’. What is the second declension, masculine plural noun of the Genitive
τῶν ἀνθρώπων
Translate the phrase “ἐν αὐτῷ τῷ τόπῳ”. Is it Attributive or Predicate?
In the place itself, or in that very place. Predicate position.
What is the vocative case commonly called and what is it’s main use?
The calling case. We use the vocative when we wish to address someone. E.g. ‘Oh Lord’.
What case/s does the prepostion ‘διά’ appear before? How should it be translated?
The Genitive case. “through”. And the Accusative case. “for the sake of”
Using the root “καλ-“ what is the Dative, Neuter, Singular, form?
καλῷ
Using the root ‘τέκνον’. What is the second declension, neuter plural noun of the Dative
τοῖς τέκνοις
Change the phrase “τὰ πνεὺματα τὰ ἅγια” from nominative to accusative (or opposite) then translate.
τὰ πνεύματα τὰ ἅγια. “the holy souls”
What case/s does the prepostion ‘κατὰ’ appear before? How should it be translated?
The Genitive case. “below” and the Accusative case. “Under” or “near”
Using the root ‘τέκνον’. What is the second declension, neuter singular noun of the Nominative
τὸ τέκνον
Translate the phrase “ἡ καρδία ἡ αὐτή”. Is it Attributive or Predicate?
The same heart. Attributive position.
Identify the verb “εἰσί(ν)” and translate.
present tense 3rd person plural. They are
Using the root ‘ἄνθρωπον’. What is the second declension, masculine plural noun of the Vocative
ὦ ἄνθρωποι
Identify the personal pronoun ‘σοι’. Translate.
Second person Dative singular, enclitic “to/for you”
Identify the verb “δύναμαι” and translate.
Present Indicative Active 1st person singular. “I am able, can”
Identify the personal pronoun ‘αὐτῆς’. Translate.
Third person Feminine Genitive singular “her”
What happens with the endings of feminine nouns in the second declension?
Feminine nouns of the second declension have the endings of Masculine nouns.
Change the phrase “οἱ μακάριοι ψαλμοί” from nominative to accusative (or opposite) then translate.
τοὺς μακαρίους ψαλμούς. “the blessed psalms”
Identify the personal pronoun ‘ἐμοῦ’. Translate.
First person Genitive singular, emphatic “of me”
What is the gender, case and number of ‘τά’?
Nominative Or Accusative, Neuter, Plural
Identify the verb “γίνεσθε” and translate.
Present Indicative Active 2nd person plural. “You (all) become”. Or Present Imperative Active Plural. “be! (all of you)”
Using the root ‘τέκνον’. What is the second declension, neuter plural noun of the Accusative
τὰ τέκνα
what sound does a double gamma ‘ΓΓ’ make?
ng as in King.
Using the root “καλ-“ what is the Nominative, Neuter, Plural form?
καλά
Identify the personal pronoun ‘αὐτά’. Translate.
Third person Neuter Nominative plural “they” OR Third person Neuter Accusative plural “them”
Translate the phrase “ὁ αὐτὸς λέγει τὰ αὐτά”. Is it Attributive or Predicate?
The same man says the same things. Attributive postion.
Identify the case of the prepostion in the phrase ‘διὰ τῆς Ἰουδαίας’. Translate.
Genitive. “through Judaea”
What is the gender, case and number of ‘ταῖς’?
Dative, Feminine, Plural
Identify the case of the prepostion in the phrase ‘ὑπὲρ τῶν προβάτων’. Translate.
Genitive. “for the sake of the sheep”
Using the root “καλ-“ what is the Genitive, Neuter, Plural form?
καλῶν
Using the root “καλ-“ what is the Genitive, Neuter, Singular form?
καλοῦ
Change the phrase “τῶν ἀνθρώπων” from singular to plural (or opposite) then translate.
τοῦ ἀνθρώπου. “of the man”
How is the Dipthong ‘ΑΙ’ sounded?
ai as in Aisle
With first declension nouns in the mixed category. Using the root ‘θάλασσα’. What is the feminine plural noun of the Nominative?
θάλασσαι
Identify the personal pronoun ‘αὐταῖς’. Translate.
Third person Feminine Dative plural “to/for them”
How is the Dipthong ‘ΑΥ’ sounded?
au as in Faust (or Ouch)
Identify the personal pronoun ‘ἐμοί’. Translate.
First person Dative singular, emphatic “to/for me”
Translate the phrase “ὁ ποιμὴν ὁ καλὸς”. What form is it?
the good shepherd. Attributive.
Change the phrase “τῆς φωνῆς τῆς καλῆς” from singular to plural (or opposite) then translate.
τῶν φωνῶν τῶν καλῶν. “of the good voices”
Identify the personal pronoun ‘ἐμέ’. Translate.
First person Accusative singular, emphatic “me”
Translate the phrase “οἱ ἀπόστολοι αὐτοί”. Is it Attributive or Predicate?
The apostles themsleves. Predicate position.
Identify the verb “ἤμεθα” and translate.
less common past tense 1st person plural. We were
Identify the verb “δύνασαι” and translate.
Present Indicative Active 2nd person singular. “You are able, can”
Using the root “καλ-“ what is the Accusative, Neuter, Singular, form?
καλόν
Identify the verb “δυνάμεθα” and translate.
Present Indicative Active 1st person plural. “We are able, can”
Identify the verb “ἐστέ” and translate.
present tense 2nd person plural. You (all) are
Identify the personal pronoun ‘αὐτή’. Translate.
Third person Feminine Nominative singular “she”
Using the root “καλ-“ what is the Nominative, Masculine, Singular form?
καλός
Using the root “καλ-“ what is the Dative, Masculine, Singular form?
καλῷ
Using the root ‘τέκνον’. What is the second declension, neuter singular noun of the Genitive
τοῦ τέκνου
Identify the personal pronoun ‘ἡμῖν’. Translate.
First person Dative plural “to/for us”
Using the root ‘τέκνον’. What is the second declension, neuter singular noun of the Dative
τῷ τέκνῳ
Identify the verb “δύνασθε” and translate.
Present Indicative Active 2nd person plural. “You (all) are able, can”
What is a thematic vowel and which ones are they?
A thematic vowel is a short vowel that changes. They are the ε, ο, and ι.
What case/s does the prepostion ‘περί’ appear before? How should it be translated?
The Genitive case. “concerning”. And the Accusative case. “around”
Identify the verb “δύναται” and translate.
Present Indicative Active 3rd person singular. “he/she/it is able, can”
Identify the personal pronoun ‘ὑμᾶς’. Translate.
Second person Accusative plural “you”
Using the root ‘τέκνον’. What is the second declension, neuter singular noun of the Vocative
ὦ τέκνον
With first declension nouns ending in ‘α’. Using the root ‘σοφία’. What is the feminine plural noun of the Dative?
σοφίαις
What is an iota subscript?
It is a small iota found underneath a letter ‘ῃ’ mostly found at the end of a word. It can be found under ‘α, η & ω’. Initially it sounded like a dipthong. E.g. ‘ῃ’ sounded like ey’i. But now we don’t read it.
With first declension nouns ending in ‘α’. Using the root ‘σοφία’. What is the feminine plural noun of the Genitive?
σοφιῶν
What is a case?
A case is a specific ending at the end of a noun, pronoun or adjective.
What case/s does the prepostion ‘ἐν’ appear before? How should it be translated?
The Dative case. “In”
Identify the verb “ἦσθα” and translate.
less common past tense 2nd person singular. You were
What is an adverb?
A word that adds further description to a verb. How the action was performed.
Identify the personal pronoun ‘ἐγώ’. Translate.
First person Nominative singular “I”
What is a verb?
A word that states an action, state or occurence.
Identify the verb “γίνομαι” and translate.
Present Indicative Active 1st person singular. “I become”
What is a second form of the Attributive Adjective?
Article + Noun + Article + Adjective.
What is the subject (of a sentence)?
a word (noun/pronoun) which does the action/state expressed by the verb.
Identify the personal pronoun ‘αὐτοί’. Translate.
Third person Masculine Nominative plural “they”
With first declension nouns ending in ‘α’. Using the root ‘σοφία’. What is the feminine plural noun of the Accusative?
σοφίας
Identify the personal pronoun ‘σοί’. Translate.
Second person Dative singular, emphatic “to/for you”
Identify the verb “γράφει” and translate?
Present Indicative Active 3rd person singular. He/she writes.
What is an indirect object?
A word that specifies who/what is indirectly affected by the verb. It usually has a preposition attached to it, though not always.
Using the root ‘ἄνθρωπον’. What is the second declension, masculine singular noun of the Dative
τῷ ἀνθρώπῳ
Identify the case of the prepostion in the phrase ‘κατὰ τῆν γῆν’. Translate.
Accusative. “under the earth”
Identify the first declension masculine noun “προφητῶν”.
Genitive plural
Identify the verb “ἦς” and translate.
past tense 2nd person singular. You were
Using the root “καλ-“ what is the Genitive, Feminine, Plural form?
καλῶν
Identify the personal pronoun ‘ἡμῶν’. Translate.
First person Genitive plural “of us”
With first declension nouns ending in ‘α’. Using the root ‘σοφία’. What is the feminine singular noun of the Nominative?
σοφία
Identify the case of the preposition in the phrase ‘ἐπάνω τοῦ ὕδατος’. Translate.
Genitive. “above the water”
What case/s does the prepostion ‘εἰς’ appear before? How should it be translated?
The Accusative case. “Into”
What is the gender, case and number of ‘τόν’?
Accusative, Masculine, Singular
In the phrase “Εἰ υἱὸς εἶ τοῦ θεοῦ” which εί is the verb “to be” and why?
The word “εἶ” is the verb because it has the circumflex above it.
Identify the personal pronoun ‘αὐταί’. Translate.
Third person Feminine Nominative plural “they”
Identify the personal pronoun ‘αὐτό’. Translate.
Third person Neuter Nominative singular “it”
Using the root ‘ἄνθρωπον’. What is the second declension, masculine singular noun of the Vocative
ὦ ἄνθρωπε
Translate the phrase “ὁι ἄγγελοι μακάριοι”. What form is it?
the angels are blessed. Predicate
Identify the personal pronoun ‘αὐτοῦ’. Translate.
Third person Masculine Genitive singular “his”
Using the root “καλ-“ what is the Dative, Masculine, Plural form?
καλοῖς
Identify the verb “ἦν” and translate.
past tense 3rd person singular. He/she/it was
Identify the personal pronoun ‘σύ’. Translate.
Second person Nominative singular “you”
Identify the verb “ἦμεν” and translate.
past tense 1st person plural. We were
Change the phrase “τοὺς νόμους τοὺς πιστούς” from nominative to accusative (or opposite) then translate.
οἱ νόμοι οἱ πιστοί. “the trustworthy laws”
What is the gender, case and number of ‘τούς’?
Accusative, Masculine, Plural
What is inflection?
Inflection means how nouns or pronouns change their endings in accordance with their function in the sentence.
Identify the verb “γίνεται” and translate.
Present Indicative Active 3rd person singular. “he/she/it becomes”
Identify the personal pronoun ‘αὐτοῦ’. Translate.
Third person Neuter Genitive singular “its”
What is the gender, case and number of ‘τῷ’?
Dative, Masculine Or Neuter, Singular
Identify the Indicative verb “γράφετε” and translate?
Either the Present Indicative Active 2nd person plural. You (all) write. OR Present Imperative Active Plural. Write! (all of you)
When a third person pronoun is found next to OR close to a noun. How can it sometimes function?
It can function like an Adjective. With the attributive or predicate position.
What is a noun?
The name of any person/place or thing.
Translate the phrase “τά καλὰ ἕργα”. What form is it?
the good works. Attributive.
What is a pronoun?
A word used to replace a noun. i.e. he/she/it.
What is a preposition?
A word in front of a noun or pronoun to indicate how it fits into the rest of the sentence. E.g. to, into, upon, at. etc.
With first declension nouns ending in ‘η’. Using the root ‘ζωη’. What is the feminine plural noun of the Genitive?
ζωῶν
Identify the personal pronoun ‘ἡμεῖς’. Translate.
First person Nominative plural “we”
With first declension nouns ending in ‘α’. Using the root ‘σοφία’. What is the feminine singular noun of the Dative?
σοφίᾳ
Using the root “καλ-“ what is the Accusative, Feminine, Singular, form?
καλήν
Identify the verb “γίνου” and translate.
Present Imperative Active Singular. “be!”
Translate the phrase “τὰ ἐμὰ”. What form is it?
my own (sheep/people etc). Substantive.
Translate the phrase “τὰ πονηρὰ πνεύματα”. What form is it?
the evil spirits. Attributive.
With first declension nouns ending in ‘α’. Using the root ‘σοφία’. What is the feminine plural noun of the Nominative?
σοφίαι
How is the Dipthong ‘ΟΥ’ sounded?
ou as in route (Pronounced like “You”)
Using the root “καλ-“ what is the Nominative, Feminine, Plural form?
καλαί
Identify the case of the prepostion in the phrase ‘ἐπὶ γῆς’. Translate.
Genitive. “upon earth”
Identify the verb “γράφειν” and translate?
Present Infinitive Active. To write.
With first declension nouns ending in ‘η’. Using the root ‘ζωη’. What is the feminine singular noun of the Nominative?
ζωή
Using the root “καλ-“ what is the Nominative, Neuter, Singular form?
καλόν
Change the phrase “ὁ αὐτὸς υἱός” from nominative to accusative (or opposite) then translate.
τὸν αὐτὸν υἱόν. “the same son”
If the word “γράφετε” appears. How will you know whether it is imperative plural or the 2nd person plural indicative?
By the context. However if the word “μή” appears before the verb, it is negating the imperative.
Using the root “καλ-“ what is the Accusative, Feminine, Plural form?
καλάς
Change the phrase “αἱ ὁδοὶ αὐταί” from nominative to accusative (or opposite) then translate.
τὰς ὁδοὺς αὐτάς. “the roads themselves”
Translate the phrase “ὁ μικρὸς”. What form is it?
the little (one). Substantive.
Identify the case of the prepostion in the phrase ‘μετὰ τῶν τέκνων’. Translate.
Genitive. “with the children”
Which cases are called the oblique cases. Why?
The Genitive, Dative and Accusative. Because they take the preposition.
What is the gender, case and number of ‘τήν’?
Accusative, Feminine, Singular
Identify the personal pronoun ‘σέ’. Translate.
Second person Accusative singular, emphatic “you”
Translate the phrase “αὐτὰ τὰ ἔργα”. Is it Attributive or Predicate?
The deeds themselves. Predicate position.
Translate the phrase “ὁ ἀπόστολος ὅσιος”. What form is it?
the apostle is holy. Predicate.
What case/s does the prepostion ‘ἐπὶ’ appear before? How should it be translated?
The Genitive case. “Upon”. The Accusative case. “against”. And the Dative case. “near”.
Identify the personal pronoun ‘αὐτό’. Translate.
Third person Neuter Accusative singular “it”
How is the Dipthong ‘ΕΙ’ sounded?
ei as in Veil (or Hey)
What is the gender, case and number of ‘ἡ’?
Nominative, Feminine, Singular
What is the gender, case and number of ‘αἱ’?
Nominative, Feminine, Plural
Using the root “καλ-“ what is the Genitive, Feminine, Singular form?
καλῆς
Identify the verb “γίνονται” and translate.
Present Indicative Active 3rd person plural. “they become”
Using the root “καλ-“ what is the Dative, Feminine, Plural form?
καλαῖς
What is the Indicative mood?
The indicative is a straight statement that something is happening.
Identify the verb “εἶ” and translate.
present tense 2nd person singular. You are
What is an article?
A word joined to a noun to qualify its meaning. E.g. a/an, the. Etc. (Greek doesn’t have an indefinite article)
Using the root ‘ἄνθρωπον’. What is the second declension, masculine plural noun of the Dative
τοῖς ἀνθρώποις
What is the gender, case and number of ‘τάς’?
Accusative, Feminine, Plural
Using the root “καλ-“ what is the Nominative, Feminine, Singular form?
καλή
Using the root “λυω”. What are the 3 different verb forms. (i.e. Active, Middle and Passive). Translate them.
Active = λύω “I untie”. Middle = λύομαι “I untie myself”. Passive = λύομαι “I am united (by somebody else)”
Translate the phrase “ὁ ἀγαθὸς”. What form is it?
The good (man). Substantive.
