greek core vocabulary Flashcards
ὁ ἡ τό
the
αὐτός αὐτή αὐτό
him- her- itself etc. (for emphasis); the same (with article); (pron.) him, her, it etc. (in oblique cases)
καί
and, also, even; καί…καί both…and
δέ
and; but
τίς τί
who? what? which? (interrog. pron./adj.)
εἰμί, ἔσομαι, impf. ἦν, infin. εἶναι
be, exist
οὗτος αὕτη τοῦτο
this, these; μετὰ ταῦτα after this
ἤ
or; than (after a comparative); ἤ…ἤ either…or
ἐν
in, among (+dat.)
μέν…δέ
on the one hand…on the other hand (often untranslated); μέν (by itself) indeed
τις τι
someone, something, anyone, anything, some, any (enclitic indef. pron./adj.)
ὅς ἥ ὅ
who, which, that
γάρ
for (explanatory), indeed, in fact (confirming)
οὐ, οὐκ, οὐχ
not (with indicative verbs)
λέγω, ἐρῶ, εἶπον, εἴρηκα, λέλεγμαι, ἐλέχθην and ἐρρήθην
say, speak (of), recount; pick up, collect, count
ὡς
as, since; (introducing purpose clause) so that (+subj./opt.); (introducing indir. statement) that
τε
and; τε…τε both…and
εἰς
into, to, towards (+acc.)
ἐπί
at (+gen.); on (+dat.); on to, against (+acc.)
κατά
down, down (from or along), throughout, according to; κατὰ γῆν by land; κατὰ φύσιν in accordance with nature; κατ’ ἔθνη by nations; καθ᾿ἕνα one by one.
ἐγώ ἐμοῦ, (pl.) ἡμεῖς, ἡμῶν
I, we
πρός
from the side of, in the presence of (+gen.); near, at, in addition to (+dat.); to, towards, in relation to (+acc.)
γίγνομαι, γενήσομαι, 2 aor. ἐγενόμην, γέγονα, γεγένημαι, ἐγενήθην
become; be born; happen, be
ἐάν (εἰ-ἄν)
if (+subj.)
διά
through, during, because of (+gen., acc.)
ἀλλά
but
πᾶς πᾶσα πᾶν
every, all; whole (with article)
ἔχω, ἕξω or σχήσω, 2 aor. ἔσχον, ἔσχηκα, impf. εἶχον
have, hold, keep
ἐκ, ἐξ
from, out of (+gen.)
πολύς πολλή πολύ
much, many; ὡς ἐπὶ τὸ πολύ for the most part
περί
around, about; concerning (+gen.)
μή
not (marks the negative as subjective or conditional); εἰ μή if not, except
ὅστις ἥτις ὅ τι
anyone who, anything which; (in indir. quest.) who, which, what
ἄν
[marks verbs as potential (with optative), or generalizing (with subjunctive)]
σύ, σοῦ, (pl.) ὑμεῖς, ὑμῶν
you
ἀνά
up, on; throughout
ὅτι
because, that; (with superl.) as…as possible
εἰ
if (+indic. or opt.); εἴπερ if indeed
ἄλλος ἄλλη ἄλλο
other, another
ἀπό
from (+gen.)
φημί, φήσω, impf. ἔφην
say, assert, declare; οὐ φημί deny, refuse, say that…not
ὑπό
under (+gen., dat.); by (+gen. of personal agent); down under (+acc.)
ποιέω, ποιήσω, ἐποίησα, πεποίηκα, πεποίημαι, ἐποιήθην
make, produce, cause, do; (mid.) consider, reckon
οὖν
therefore, accordingly; at any rate
λόγος λόγου, ὁ
word, speech, discourse; thought, reason, account
παρά
from (+gen.); beside (+dat.); to, to the side of, contrary to (+acc.)
οὕτως
in this way
πρότερος προτέρα πρότερον
before, earlier; τὸ πρότερον previously, before
θεός θεοῦ, ὁ/ἡ
god, goddess
μετά
with (+gen.); after (+acc.)
ἑαυτοῦ ἑαυτῆς ἑαυτοῦ
him- her- itself (reflexive pron.)
μέγας μεγάλη μέγα
big, great, powerful
οὐδέ
and not, but not, nor; οὐδέ…οὐδέ not even…nor yet
ἐκεῖνος ἐκείνη ἐκεῖνον
that person or thing; ἐκεῖνος…οὗτος the former…the latter
τοιοῦτος τοιαύτη τοιοῦτο
such, of such a sort
οὐδείς οὐδεμία οὐδέν
no one, nothing
εἶπον
I said, I spoke, 2 aor. → λέγω, φημί
ἀγαθός –ή –όν
good, virtuous, brave, noble
γε
(enclitic) indeed; at least, at any rate
δή
surely, really, now, in fact, indeed (gives greater exactness)
πόλις πόλεως, ἡ
city, city-state
εἷς μία ἕν
one
ἵημι, ἥσω, ἧκα, -εἷκα, εἷμαι, -εἵθην
put in motion, let go, shoot; (mid.) hasten, rush
δέω, δεήσω, ἐδέησα, δεδέηκα, δεδέημαι, ἐδεήθην
lack, miss, stand in need of (+gen.)
ἄνθρωπος –ου, ὁ/ἡ
human being
ὁράω, ὄψομαι, 2 aor. εἶδον, ἑόρακα and ἑώρακα, ὤφθην, impf. ἑώρων
see, look (to)
μόνος μόνη μόνον
alone, single
οὔτε…οὔτε
neither…nor
οἷος οἵα οἷον
such as, of what sort, like, (exclam.) what a!, how! ; οἷός τε (+infin.) fit or able to; οἷόν τε (+infin.) it is possible to
λαμβάνω, λήψομαι, ἔλαβον, εἴληφα, εἴλημμαι, ἐλήφθην
take, grasp, seize; receive, get
δοκέω, δόξω, ἔδοξα
think, suppose, imagine (+acc. and infin.); seem, seem good; (impers.) δοκεῖ μοι it seems to me
ἕτερος ἑτέρα ἕτερον
the other (of two); other, another
κακός –ή –όν
bad, wicked, cowardly
ἀνήρ ἀνδρός, ὁ
man, husband
ἐπεί
after, since, when
ὅσος ὅση ὅσον
however much; as great as; (in pl.) as many as; ὅσον (adv.) as much as
καλέω, καλῶ, ἐκάλεσα, κέκληκα, κέκλημαι, ἐκλήθην
call, summon
σῶμα σώματος, τό
body
δεῖ, δεήσει, impf. ἔδει
it is necessary, one must, one ought (+acc. and infin.)
ὥσπερ
just as, as if
δίδωμι, δώσω, ἔδωκα, δέδωκα, δέδομαι, ἐδόθην
give, grant, offer
ἔτι
still, yet
φύσις φύσεως, ἡ
nature; (of the mind) one’s nature or disposition; regular order of nature
μικρός –ά –όν
small, little, short
δύναμαι, δυνήσομαι, ἐδυνήθην, δεδύνημαι
(+infin.) to be able (to), be strong enough (to)
ὥστε
(introducing natural or actual result clause) so as, so that, (with the result) that
ἀρχή ἀρχῆς, ἡ
beginning, origin; rule, empire, realm; magistracy
ἕκαστος ἑκάστη ἕκαστον
each (of several)
ἡμέρα ἡμέρας, ἡ
day
φύω, φύσω, ἔφυσα
bring forth, produce, beget; 2 aor. ἔφυν grew, pf. πέφυκα be by nature
ἅπας ἅπασα ἅπαν
all together
ὅμοιος ὁμοία ὅμοιον
like, resembling (+dat.)
νῦν, νυνί
now
γῆ γῆς, ἡ
earth
δύναμις δυνάμεως, ἡ
power, strength, ability
καλός –ή –όν
beautiful, noble, honorable
κύριος κυρίου, ὁ
lord, master
μᾶλλον
more, rather; μᾶλλον…ἤ rather than
ὅδε ἥδε τόδε
this
ὅλος ὅλη ὅλον
whole, entire, complete