greek core vocabulary Flashcards
1
Q
ὁ ἡ τό
A
the
2
Q
αὐτός αὐτή αὐτό
A
him- her- itself etc. (for emphasis); the same (with article); (pron.) him, her, it etc. (in oblique cases)
3
Q
καί
A
and, also, even; καί…καί both…and
4
Q
δέ
A
and; but
5
Q
τίς τί
A
who? what? which? (interrog. pron./adj.)
6
Q
εἰμί, ἔσομαι, impf. ἦν, infin. εἶναι
A
be, exist
7
Q
οὗτος αὕτη τοῦτο
A
this, these; μετὰ ταῦτα after this
8
Q
ἤ
A
or; than (after a comparative); ἤ…ἤ either…or
9
Q
ἐν
A
in, among (+dat.)
10
Q
μέν…δέ
A
on the one hand…on the other hand (often untranslated); μέν (by itself) indeed
11
Q
τις τι
A
someone, something, anyone, anything, some, any (enclitic indef. pron./adj.)
12
Q
ὅς ἥ ὅ
A
who, which, that
13
Q
γάρ
A
for (explanatory), indeed, in fact (confirming)
14
Q
οὐ, οὐκ, οὐχ
A
not (with indicative verbs)
15
Q
λέγω, ἐρῶ, εἶπον, εἴρηκα, λέλεγμαι, ἐλέχθην and ἐρρήθην
A
say, speak (of), recount; pick up, collect, count
16
Q
ὡς
A
as, since; (introducing purpose clause) so that (+subj./opt.); (introducing indir. statement) that
17
Q
τε
A
and; τε…τε both…and
18
Q
εἰς
A
into, to, towards (+acc.)
19
Q
ἐπί
A
at (+gen.); on (+dat.); on to, against (+acc.)
20
Q
κατά
A
down, down (from or along), throughout, according to; κατὰ γῆν by land; κατὰ φύσιν in accordance with nature; κατ’ ἔθνη by nations; καθ᾿ἕνα one by one.
21
Q
ἐγώ ἐμοῦ, (pl.) ἡμεῖς, ἡμῶν
A
I, we
22
Q
πρός
A
from the side of, in the presence of (+gen.); near, at, in addition to (+dat.); to, towards, in relation to (+acc.)
23
Q
γίγνομαι, γενήσομαι, 2 aor. ἐγενόμην, γέγονα, γεγένημαι, ἐγενήθην
A
become; be born; happen, be
24
Q
ἐάν (εἰ-ἄν)
A
if (+subj.)
25
διά
through, during, because of (+gen., acc.)
26
ἀλλά
but
27
πᾶς πᾶσα πᾶν
every, all; whole (with article)
28
ἔχω, ἕξω or σχήσω, 2 aor. ἔσχον, ἔσχηκα, impf. εἶχον
have, hold, keep
29
ἐκ, ἐξ
from, out of (+gen.)
30
πολύς πολλή πολύ
much, many; ὡς ἐπὶ τὸ πολύ for the most part
31
περί
around, about; concerning (+gen.)
32
μή
not (marks the negative as subjective or conditional); εἰ μή if not, except
33
ὅστις ἥτις ὅ τι
anyone who, anything which; (in indir. quest.) who, which, what
34
ἄν
[marks verbs as potential (with optative), or generalizing (with subjunctive)]
35
σύ, σοῦ, (pl.) ὑμεῖς, ὑμῶν
you
36
ἀνά
up, on; throughout
37
ὅτι
because, that; (with superl.) as...as possible
38
εἰ
if (+indic. or opt.); εἴπερ if indeed
39
ἄλλος ἄλλη ἄλλο
other, another
40
ἀπό
from (+gen.)
41
φημί, φήσω, impf. ἔφην
say, assert, declare; οὐ φημί deny, refuse, say that...not
42
ὑπό
under (+gen., dat.); by (+gen. of personal agent); down under (+acc.)
43
ποιέω, ποιήσω, ἐποίησα, πεποίηκα, πεποίημαι, ἐποιήθην
make, produce, cause, do; (mid.) consider, reckon
44
οὖν
therefore, accordingly; at any rate
45
λόγος λόγου, ὁ
word, speech, discourse; thought, reason, account
46
παρά
from (+gen.); beside (+dat.); to, to the side of, contrary to (+acc.)
47
οὕτως
in this way
48
πρότερος προτέρα πρότερον
before, earlier; τὸ πρότερον previously, before
49
θεός θεοῦ, ὁ/ἡ
god, goddess
50
μετά
with (+gen.); after (+acc.)
51
ἑαυτοῦ ἑαυτῆς ἑαυτοῦ
him- her- itself (reflexive pron.)
52
μέγας μεγάλη μέγα
big, great, powerful
53
οὐδέ
and not, but not, nor; οὐδέ...οὐδέ not even...nor yet
54
ἐκεῖνος ἐκείνη ἐκεῖνον
that person or thing; ἐκεῖνος…οὗτος the former…the latter
55
τοιοῦτος τοιαύτη τοιοῦτο
such, of such a sort
56
οὐδείς οὐδεμία οὐδέν
no one, nothing
57
εἶπον
I said, I spoke, 2 aor. → λέγω, φημί
58
ἀγαθός –ή –όν
good, virtuous, brave, noble
59
γε
(enclitic) indeed; at least, at any rate
60
δή
surely, really, now, in fact, indeed (gives greater exactness)
61
πόλις πόλεως, ἡ
city, city-state
62
εἷς μία ἕν
one
63
ἵημι, ἥσω, ἧκα, -εἷκα, εἷμαι, -εἵθην
put in motion, let go, shoot; (mid.) hasten, rush
64
δέω, δεήσω, ἐδέησα, δεδέηκα, δεδέημαι, ἐδεήθην
lack, miss, stand in need of (+gen.)
65
ἄνθρωπος –ου, ὁ/ἡ
human being
66
ὁράω, ὄψομαι, 2 aor. εἶδον, ἑόρακα and ἑώρακα, ὤφθην, impf. ἑώρων
see, look (to)
67
μόνος μόνη μόνον
alone, single
68
οὔτε...οὔτε
neither...nor
69
οἷος οἵα οἷον
such as, of what sort, like, (exclam.) what a!, how! ; οἷός τε (+infin.) fit or able to; οἷόν τε (+infin.) it is possible to
70
λαμβάνω, λήψομαι, ἔλαβον, εἴληφα, εἴλημμαι, ἐλήφθην
take, grasp, seize; receive, get
71
δοκέω, δόξω, ἔδοξα
think, suppose, imagine (+acc. and infin.); seem, seem good; (impers.) δοκεῖ μοι it seems to me
72
ἕτερος ἑτέρα ἕτερον
the other (of two); other, another
73
κακός –ή –όν
bad, wicked, cowardly
74
ἀνήρ ἀνδρός, ὁ
man, husband
75
ἐπεί
after, since, when
76
ὅσος ὅση ὅσον
however much; as great as; (in pl.) as many as; ὅσον (adv.) as much as
77
καλέω, καλῶ, ἐκάλεσα, κέκληκα, κέκλημαι, ἐκλήθην
call, summon
78
σῶμα σώματος, τό
body
79
δεῖ, δεήσει, impf. ἔδει
it is necessary, one must, one ought (+acc. and infin.)
80
ὥσπερ
just as, as if
81
δίδωμι, δώσω, ἔδωκα, δέδωκα, δέδομαι, ἐδόθην
give, grant, offer
82
ἔτι
still, yet
83
φύσις φύσεως, ἡ
nature; (of the mind) one’s nature or disposition; regular order of nature
84
μικρός –ά –όν
small, little, short
85
δύναμαι, δυνήσομαι, ἐδυνήθην, δεδύνημαι
(+infin.) to be able (to), be strong enough (to)
86
ὥστε
(introducing natural or actual result clause) so as, so that, (with the result) that
87
ἀρχή ἀρχῆς, ἡ
beginning, origin; rule, empire, realm; magistracy
88
ἕκαστος ἑκάστη ἕκαστον
each (of several)
89
ἡμέρα ἡμέρας, ἡ
day
90
φύω, φύσω, ἔφυσα
bring forth, produce, beget; 2 aor. ἔφυν grew, pf. πέφυκα be by nature
91
ἅπας ἅπασα ἅπαν
all together
92
ὅμοιος ὁμοία ὅμοιον
like, resembling (+dat.)
93
νῦν, νυνί
now
94
γῆ γῆς, ἡ
earth
95
δύναμις δυνάμεως, ἡ
power, strength, ability
96
καλός –ή –όν
beautiful, noble, honorable
97
κύριος κυρίου, ὁ
lord, master
98
μᾶλλον
more, rather; μᾶλλον...ἤ rather than
99
ὅδε ἥδε τόδε
this
100
ὅλος ὅλη ὅλον
whole, entire, complete
101
μέρος μέρους, τό
part, share
102
ἄρα
therefore, then (drawing an inference)
103
ἐμός ἐμή ἐμόν
my, mine
104
χράομαι, χρήσομαι, ἐχρησάμην, κέχρημαι, ἐχρήσθην
use, experience, suffer (+dat.); treat someone in a certain way (+dat. and adv.)
105
δύο
two
106
χρόνος χρόνου, ὁ
time
107
ἴσος ἴση ἴσον
equal, the same as (+dat.)
108
ὅταν (ὅτε-ἄν)
whenever (+subj.)
109
μόνον
only
110
οἶδα, infin. εἰδέναι, imper. ἴσθι, plupf. used as impf. ᾔδειν
to know (pf. in pres. sense); to know how to (+infin.)
111
βασιλεύς βασιλέως, ὁ
king
112
ὦ
oh! (unemphatic when with the vocative)
113
βούλομαι, βουλήσομαι, βεβούλημαι, ἐβουλήθην
(+infin.) will, wish (to); be willing (to); ὁ βουλόμενος anyone who likes
114
φαίνω, φανῶ, ἔφηνα, πέφηνα, πέφασμαι, ἐφάνην
bring to light, make appear, make clear; (pass.) come to light, be seen, appear, appear to be (+ptc. or infin.)
115
γράφω, γράψω, ἔγραψα, γέγραφα, γέγραμμαι, ἐγράφην
write
116
φέρω, οἴσω, 1 aor. ἤνεγκα, 2 aor. ἤνεγκον, ἐνήνοχα, ἐνήνεγμαι, ἠνέχθην
carry, bring, fetch; carry off or away; φέρε come now, well
117
ψυχή ψυχῆς, ἡ
breath, life, soul
118
μηδείς μηδεμία μηδέν
no one, nothing
119
αἴτιος αἰτία αἴτιον
responsible, guilty
120
πάλιν
back, backwards; again
121
μάλιστα
most, most of all; (in replies) certainly
122
ὑπάρχω, ὑπάρξω, ὑπῆρξα, ὑπῆργμαι, ὑπήρχθην
exist, be, belong to; τὰ ὑπάρχοντα existing circumstances
123
ἄρχω, ἄρξω, ἦρξα, ἦργμαι, ἤρχθην
begin (+gen.); lead, rule, govern (+gen.)
124
γυνή γυναικός, ἡ
woman, wife
125
ποτε (enclitic)
at some time, ever, in the world
126
ἵνα
in order that (conj. +subj. or opt.); where (rel. adv. +indic.)
127
ὄνομα ὀνόματος, τό
name; fame
128
ὑπέρ
for (+gen), beyond (+acc.)
129
ἤδη
already, now (of the immediate past); presently (of the immediate future)
130
πατήρ πατρός, ὁ
father
131
ἀκούω, ἀκούσομαι, ἤκουσα, ἀκήκοα, plup. ἠκηκόη or ἀκηκόη, ἠκούσθην
listen (to), hear (of)
132
γένος γένους, τό
race, family; kind, class
133
τόπος τόπου, ὁ
place; topic
134
πράσσω, πράξω, ἔπραξα, πέπραχα, πέπραγμαι, ἐπράχθην
do, achieve, accomplish; do or fare in a certain way (+adv.)
135
πρῶτος πρώτη πρῶτον
first, foremost, earliest; (adv.) τὸ πρῶτον in the first place
136
εὑρίσκω, εὑρήσω, 2 aor. ηὗρον or εὗρον, ηὕρηκα or εὕρηκα, εὕρημαι, εὑρέθην
find (out), discover, devise
137
παῖς παιδός, ὁ/ἡ
son, daughter, child; slave
138
ἔρχομαι, fut. εἶμι or ἐλεύσομαι, 2 aor. ἦλθον, ἐλήλυθα
come, go
139
υἱός υἱοῦ, ὁ
son
140
ὕδωρ ὕδατος, τό
water
141
ἴδιος ἰδία ἴδιον
one’s own; peculiar, separate, distinct
142
σός σή σόν
your, yours (sg.; ὑμέτερος = pl.)
143
γιγνώσκω, γνώσομαι, ἔγνων, ἔγνωκα, ἔγνωσμαι, ἐγνώσθην
come to know, learn; judge, think, or determine that (+acc. and infin.)
144
τυγχάνω, τεύξομαι, ἔτυχον, τετύχηκα. τέτυγμαι, ἐτύχθην
hit, light upon, meet by chance (+gen.); reach, gain, obtain; happen to be (+ptc.)
145
ἵστημι στήσω will set, ἔστησα set, caused to stand, 2 aor. ἔστην stood, ἕστηκα stand, plup. εἱστήκη stood, ἐστάθην stood
make to stand, set
146
ἅμα
at the same time; (prep.) together with (+dat.)
147
ἄγω, ἄξω, ἤγαγον, ἦχα, ἦγμαι, ἤχθην
lead, carry, bring; pass (time)
148
τρόπος τρόπου, ὁ
way, manner, fashion; way of life, habit, custom
149
μήτε...μήτε
neither...nor
150
μέσος μέση μέσον
middle, in the middle, moderate; τὸ μέσον midst
151
ἀλλήλων –οις
(oblique cases plural only) one another, each other
152
ἀεί
always
153
φίλος φίλη φίλον
beloved, dear; friendly
154
συμβαίνω, συμβήσομαι, 2 aor. συνέβην, συμβέβηκα
meet, come to an agreement, correspond; happen, occur, come to pass; turn out in a certain way (+adv.), result
155
ἔργον ἔργου, τό
work, achievement, exploit
156
πλέω, πλεύσομαι, ἔπλευσα, πέπλευκα, πέπλευσμαι, ἐπλεύσθην
sail
157
τότε
then, at that time; οἱ τότε the men of that time (opp. οἱ νῦν)
158
μήν
[emphasizes preceding particle]
159
χρή, impf. χρῆν or ἐχρῆν, infin. χρῆναι
it is necessary, it is fated, one ought (+infin. or +acc. and infin.)
160
δείκνυμι, δείξω, ἔδειξα, δέδειχα, δέδειγμαι, ἐδείχθην
show, point out
161
ζῷον ζῴου, τό
living being, animal
162
πρᾶγμα πράγματος, τό
thing; (pl.) circumstances, affairs, business
163
ἐναντίος ἐναντία ἐναντίον
opposite, facing; opposing
164
τίθημι, θήσω, ἔθηκα, τέθηκα, τέθειμαι (but usu. κεῖμαι instead), ἐτέθην
to put, place; establish, ordain, institute; put in a certain state
165
εἶδον, 2 aor. of ὁράω, act. infin. ἰδεῖν, mid.infin. ἰδέσθαι
I saw
166
χείρ χειρός, ἡ
hand
167
μηδέ
and not
168
ὀλίγος ὀλίγη ὀλίγον
little, small, few
169
νόμος νόμου, ὁ
custom, tradition, law
170
κοινός –ή –όν
common, shared, mutual
171
οἴομαι or οἶμαι, οἰήσομαι, impf. ᾤμην, aor. ᾠήθην
think, suppose, imagine (+acc. and infin.)
172
κινέω, κινήσω, ἐκίνησα, κεκίνηκα, κεκίνημαι, ἐκινήθην
set in motion, move, rouse
173
πάσχω, πείσομαι, ἔπαθον, πέπονθα
suffer, experience, be affected in a certain way (+adv.)
174
πῶς
how?
175
ὅσπερ ἥπερ ὅπερ
the very one who, the very thing which
176
τοσοῦτος –αύτη –οῦτο(ν)
so large, so much
177
σύν
with (+ dat. of accompaniment or means)
178
εἶτα
then, next
179
ἀληθής –ές
true
180
δίκαιος δικαία δίκαιον
right, just
181
μέλλω, μελλήσω, ἐμέλλησα
(+infin.) think of doing, intend to, be about to
182
ἐθέλω, ἐθελήσω, ἠθέλησα, ἠθέληκα
(+infin.) wish (to); be willing (to)
183
λοιπός –ή –όν
rest, remaining, rest-of-the
184
ἀνάγκη ἀνάγκης, ἡ
necessity
185
ὅτε
when, whenever (+indic. or opt.)
186
δεύτερος –α –ον
second
187
πόλεμος πολέμου ὁ
war
188
χώρα χώρας, ἡ
land; place
189
ζάω, ζήσω, ἔζησα, ἔζηκα
live
190
πλῆθος πλήθους, τό
mass, throng, crowd
191
ἥλιος ἡλίου, ὁ
sun
192
αἰτία αἰτίας, ἡ
cause, origin; charge, accusation
193
πείθω, πείσω, ἔπεισα, πέποιθα, πέπεισμαι, ἐπείσθην
persuade, win over; (mid. and pass.) obey, believe in, trust in (+dat.)
194
πάρειμι
be present, be ready or at hand; (impers.) πάρεστί μοι it depends on me, it is in my power; τὰ παρόντα the present circumstances; τὸ παρόν just now
195
πλεῖστος πλείστη πλεῖστον
most, greatest, largest (superl. of πολύς)
196
εἶδος εἴδους, τό
form, shape, figure; class, kind, sort
197
ὅπως
how, as; so that, in order that (+subj. or opt.)
198
τρεῖς τρία
three
199
βίος βίου, ὁ
life
200
νομίζω, νομιῶ, ἐνόμισα, νενόμικα, νενόμισμαι, ἐνομίσθην
think, believe that (+acc. and infin.); hold as a custom, be accustomed to (+infin.)
201
κύκλος κύκλου, ὁ
circle, ring, orb, disc, circular motion
202
πάθος πάθους, τό
incident, accident, misfortune, experience; passion, emotion; state, condition
203
πρό
before, in front of (+gen.)
204
ὀνομάζω, ὀνομάσω, ὠνόμασα, ὠνόμακα, ὠνόμασμαι, ὠνομάσθην
call by name
205
μέντοι
however; of course
206
ὑμέτερος ὑμετέρα ὑμέτερον
your, yours (pl.; σός = sg.)
207
ἀρετή ἀρετῆς, ἡ
goodness, excellence; virtue; valor, bravery
208
ἔτος ἔτους, τό
year
209
ἀντί
opposite (+gen.)
210
ναῦς νεώς, ἡ
ship
211
τρίτος –η –ον
third
212
πνεῦμα πνεύματος, τό
wind, breath, spirit
213
ὀρθός –ή –όν
upright, straight, true, regular
214
θάλασσα θαλάσσης, ἡ
the sea
215
διαφέρω, διοίσω, 1 aor. διήνεγκα, 2 aor. διήνεγκον, διενήνοχα, διενήνεγμαι
carry in different ways, spread; differ; (impers.) διαφέρει it makes a difference to (+dat.)
216
μέχρι (+gen.)
until; (prep.) as far as, up to (+gen.)
217
δόξα δόξης, ἡ
opinion, judgment; reputation, honor, glory
218
κεφαλή –ῆς, ἡ
head
219
πῦρ πυρός, τό
fire
220
ἐλάσσων ἔλασσον
smaller, less, fewer (comp. of μικρός)
221
πούς ποδός, ὁ
foot
222
ἱερός –ά –όν
holy, venerated, divine
223
εὐθύς εὐθεῖα εὐθύ
straight, direct; (adv.) immediately
224
εἶμι, infin. ἰέναι, ptc. ἰών, ἰοῦσα, ἰόν
I will go (fut. of ἔρχομαι)
225
ταχύς ταχεῖα ταχύ
quick, fast; (adv.) τάχα quickly; perhaps
226
ποταμός –οῦ, ὁ
river, stream
227
οὐσία οὐσίας, ἡ
substance, property; essence
228
ἀριθμός –οῦ, ὁ
number
229
ὕστερος ὑστέρα ὕστερον
coming after, following (+gen.); next, later; (adv.) ὕστερον afterwards
230
φυλάσσω, φυλάξω, ἐφύλαξα, πεφύλαχα, πεφύλαγμαι, ἐφυλάχθην
watch, guard, defend; (mid.) be on one’s guard against (+acc.)
231
καιρός καιροῦ, ὁ
the right time
232
οἰκέω, οἰκήσω, ᾤκησα, ᾤκηκα, ᾠκήθην
inhabit, occupy
233
ἀμφότερος ἀμφοτέρα ἀμφότερον
both
234
σημεῖον σημείου, τό
sign, signal, mark
235
παρέχω, παρέξω, παρέσχον, παρέσχηκα, impf. παρεῖχον
provide
236
ἑκάτερος ἑκατέρα ἑκάτερον
each (of two)
237
δηλόω, δηλώσω, ἐδήλωσα, δεδήλωκα, ἐδηλώθην
show, declare, explain
238
οἰκεῖος οἰκεία οἰκεῖον
domestic, of the house; one’s own; fitting, suitable
239
κελεύω, κελεύσω, ἐκέλευσα, κεκέλευκα, κεκέλευσμαι, ἐκελεύσθην
order, bid, command (+acc. and infin.)
240
τέλος τέλους, τό
end, fulfillment, achievement
241
ἡγέομαι, ἡγήσομαι, ἡγησάμην, ἥγημαι
lead, be the leader; regard, believe, think
242
ἄξιος ἀξία ἄξιον
worthy, deserving
243
ἦ
truly (emphasizes what follows)
244
δῆλος δήλη δῆλον
visible, clear, manifest
245
τοίνυν (τοί-νυν)
therefore, accordingly (inferential); further, moreover (transitional)
246
πολέμιος πολεμία πολέμιον
hostile; οἱ πολέμιοι the enemy
247
ἔρομαι, ἐρήσομαι, 2 aor. ἠρόμην
ask, ask one about (+double acc.)
248
ἀδελφός –οῦ, ὁ
brother
249
μέγεθος μεγέθους, τό
greatness, size, magnitude
250
εἴτε…εἴτε
whether…or
