greece and persia Flashcards

0
Q

who is cyrus?

A

first Persian king/ ruler, also founder

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1
Q

who are the archaemenids

A

the ruling dynasty in Iran between 550-330 BCE, Persian king’s family name

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2
Q

Darius and xerxes?

A

ones that were involved in fighting the Greeks

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3
Q

whats a satrap and satrapies

A

satraps- ruler

satrapies-providence

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4
Q

what is Zoroastrianism

A

Persian religion that is similar to Judaism and Christianity

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5
Q

what are some qualities of Zoroastrianism

A

dualistic, monotheistic, creator god and devil, ethics and morality

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6
Q

what is the Avesta

A

Persian sacred text like our bible

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7
Q

who is Ahura Mazda?

A

creator god in Zoroastrianism

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8
Q

who is Ahriman

A

devil in Zoroastrianism

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9
Q

who were the immortals?

A

the elite of the Persian army, 10,000 men was always the number of them!

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10
Q

who is Zarathustra?

A

maker of Zoroastrianism

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11
Q

describe the reign of Darius I

A

was very dominant and conquered much of the Eurasian territory

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12
Q

what administrative does Darius I bring to the empire?

A

Administrative- divided empire into satrapies. officials came from locals

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13
Q

what taxes changes did Darius bring to the empire?

A

before they relied on gifts from conquered people, now each satrap required to collect a fixed a moment

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14
Q

what legal changes did Darius bring to the empire

A

appointed judges for life and rulings based on Zoroastrianism

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15
Q

who are Phoenicians?

A

people who used alphabet rather than pictures, phonetic alphabet

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16
Q

what is polis?

A

Ancient Greek city state that was independant

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17
Q

what is the oracle at Delphi

A

foretells the future,most famous oracle

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18
Q

What are Greek gods

A

what Greeks believed in, one for each thing of matter, polytheistic

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19
Q

what are the Olympic Games?

A

city states all over Greece would compete for glory. held at mt. Olympus

20
Q

what are hoplites

A

a heavily armed foot soldier of Ancient Greece

21
Q

what is the Greco-Persian War? who won? what were the two battles called?

A

between Greece and Persia two main battles marathon and salamis. sort of a stalemate because Greece defended themselves from Persia.. no clear winner

22
Q

what is the battle of marathon? who won?

A

1st major infantry battle, Greeks win

23
Q

what is the battle of salamis

A

sea battle. triremes of Greece destroyed Persian navy

24
what is the Persians by Aeschylus
Ancient Greek tragedy, a play
25
who is Aeschylus
a Greek playwright
26
what is the Peloponnesian war? who won? what was the reason for it?
war between Spartans and Athenians, Sparta won with help of Persians, Spartans wanted land over the Athenians
27
who is Herodotus and his book the histories?
Ancient Greek writer who documented the Greco-Persian war which the book than created historical bias
28
what did cleisthenes institute?
democracy
29
what is Sparta's social hierarchy
citizen-soldiers dwellers around slaves
30
what is Athens? what did Athens create? what type of gov did it have?
major city-state, created Delian league, democratic
31
who is Themistocles
an Athenian politician and general who convinced the Persians to build triremes
32
who is Pericles?
built the Parthenon
33
what is the Parthenon
a building used to worship Athena, also a memorial to dead of Persian war
34
what is phalanx
(in ancient Greece) a body of Macedonian infantry with long spears, drawn up in close order with shields overlapping.
35
what is the Delian league?
an alliance between Greek city states
36
who is Socrates?
a philosopher, think questions
37
who is Plato
philosopher, think government
38
who is Aristotle
philosopher, think science
39
what is a democracy?
a system of government by the whole population or all the eligible members of a state
40
what is helenization?
is the historical spread of ancient Greek culture
41
who is Phillip of Macedon?
was the king of the Hellenic kingdom He was the father of Alexander the Great
42
who is Alexander of Macedon
aka Alexander the Great, king of Macedonia, UNITED GREECE
43
what is historical bias? and how is it present in modern understand of Greece and Persia
when someone who writes history favors a certain size. Herodotus wrote most of the history and he was from Greece so it is biased toward Greece
44
explain the statement "the Persians ruled with a light touch"
they didnt really bother their citizens as long as they paid taxes,let them keep religion, language, etc
45
what is the theory of realism in politics
it is the strong do what they can and the weak suffer what they must
46
what is the legacy of Alexander the great? how was he influenced by the Persians?
he united Greece to what it is now. he was influenced by Persia because they were strong at the time, had a lot of power and was united
47
compare and contrast spartan oligarchy and Athenian democracy
Athens served its people better while sparta was more strict with a king. Men were important in both Sparta was more miltary based both had slaves