greece and persia Flashcards
who is cyrus?
first Persian king/ ruler, also founder
who are the archaemenids
the ruling dynasty in Iran between 550-330 BCE, Persian king’s family name
Darius and xerxes?
ones that were involved in fighting the Greeks
whats a satrap and satrapies
satraps- ruler
satrapies-providence
what is Zoroastrianism
Persian religion that is similar to Judaism and Christianity
what are some qualities of Zoroastrianism
dualistic, monotheistic, creator god and devil, ethics and morality
what is the Avesta
Persian sacred text like our bible
who is Ahura Mazda?
creator god in Zoroastrianism
who is Ahriman
devil in Zoroastrianism
who were the immortals?
the elite of the Persian army, 10,000 men was always the number of them!
who is Zarathustra?
maker of Zoroastrianism
describe the reign of Darius I
was very dominant and conquered much of the Eurasian territory
what administrative does Darius I bring to the empire?
Administrative- divided empire into satrapies. officials came from locals
what taxes changes did Darius bring to the empire?
before they relied on gifts from conquered people, now each satrap required to collect a fixed a moment
what legal changes did Darius bring to the empire
appointed judges for life and rulings based on Zoroastrianism
who are Phoenicians?
people who used alphabet rather than pictures, phonetic alphabet
what is polis?
Ancient Greek city state that was independant
what is the oracle at Delphi
foretells the future,most famous oracle
What are Greek gods
what Greeks believed in, one for each thing of matter, polytheistic
what are the Olympic Games?
city states all over Greece would compete for glory. held at mt. Olympus
what are hoplites
a heavily armed foot soldier of Ancient Greece
what is the Greco-Persian War? who won? what were the two battles called?
between Greece and Persia two main battles marathon and salamis. sort of a stalemate because Greece defended themselves from Persia.. no clear winner
what is the battle of marathon? who won?
1st major infantry battle, Greeks win
what is the battle of salamis
sea battle. triremes of Greece destroyed Persian navy
what is the Persians by Aeschylus
Ancient Greek tragedy, a play
who is Aeschylus
a Greek playwright
what is the Peloponnesian war? who won? what was the reason for it?
war between Spartans and Athenians, Sparta won with help of Persians, Spartans wanted land over the Athenians
who is Herodotus and his book the histories?
Ancient Greek writer who documented the Greco-Persian war which the book than created historical bias
what did cleisthenes institute?
democracy
what is Sparta’s social hierarchy
citizen-soldiers
dwellers around
slaves
what is Athens? what did Athens create? what type of gov did it have?
major city-state, created Delian league, democratic
who is Themistocles
an Athenian politician and general who convinced the Persians to build triremes
who is Pericles?
built the Parthenon
what is the Parthenon
a building used to worship Athena, also a memorial to dead of Persian war
what is phalanx
(in ancient Greece) a body of Macedonian infantry with long spears, drawn up in close order with shields overlapping.
what is the Delian league?
an alliance between Greek city states
who is Socrates?
a philosopher, think questions
who is Plato
philosopher, think government
who is Aristotle
philosopher, think science
what is a democracy?
a system of government by the whole population or all the eligible members of a state
what is helenization?
is the historical spread of ancient Greek culture
who is Phillip of Macedon?
was the king of the Hellenic kingdom He was the father of Alexander the Great
who is Alexander of Macedon
aka Alexander the Great, king of Macedonia, UNITED GREECE
what is historical bias? and how is it present in modern understand of Greece and Persia
when someone who writes history favors a certain size. Herodotus wrote most of the history and he was from Greece so it is biased toward Greece
explain the statement “the Persians ruled with a light touch”
they didnt really bother their citizens as long as they paid taxes,let them keep religion, language, etc
what is the theory of realism in politics
it is the strong do what they can and the weak suffer what they must
what is the legacy of Alexander the great? how was he influenced by the Persians?
he united Greece to what it is now. he was influenced by Persia because they were strong at the time, had a lot of power and was united
compare and contrast spartan oligarchy and Athenian democracy
Athens served its people better while sparta was more strict with a king.
Men were important in both
Sparta was more miltary based
both had slaves
