Greece Flashcards
Origin of what?
Western civilization
What sea is associated with Greece?
Mediterranean Sea
First……
Democracy
What kind of climate did they have?
Moderate/temperate
Land was very…
Mountainous, hard to move
Crete 1200B.C.
Origin of Greece, culture died off, oldest known facts of civilization
Agora
Marketplace, where people would go and talk about politics and the government
Bronze Age
Easier to make tools and weapons
Trojan War 1200 B.C.
Not a lot of proof, Helen started the war when the Trojans kidnapped her, then they went to war.
Trojan horse
Where the soldiers were hiding so they could take down the Trojans
Greek dark ages 1150-750 B.C.
Needed a change in democracy, tell stories of the “golden age” (Trojan war)
Who was the greatest story teller of all time
Homer- his famous story was about the Trojan war. Created epics: values (described Greeks as brave, cunning, tricky, clever, and amazing)
Stories about the Trojan war were written in the….
Iliad (about the war) and the Odyssey (about a hero: Odysseus)
Olympics 776 B.C.
First Olympics ever. Was every 10 years (now every 4) competitors were recognized as heroes. Took place in Olympia at base of mount Olympus
Myth
12 gods/goddesses who supposedly live at the base of mount Olympus
Polis
Greek name for city state 750 B.C. Sparta and Athens=two largest. If you were born in one you were an official citizen
Acropolis
Fortified hilltop most significant place in a polis in Ancient Greece. Talk about politics
Aristocracy
Noble families
Hoplite
Fighter in Greece (soldier)
What was developed in the Iron Age
Phalanx: weapon that stretched to 16x. Eight men would line up and once one person would die they would step over them and keep going
What was a tyrant
A person in charge of the fighters
What did Sparta and Athens use the polis’ for?
Protection
Sparta: at age 7 what would a man do?
Go to boarding school, learn how to fight, and were encouraged to steal food
Sparta: age 20?
Can marry, active military member of Sparta
Sparta: 30?
Get out of military but would have to stay in it for 30 more years. Basically in military for life
What did women do?
Stayed home and ran the economy of Sparta, opened businesses
Sparta was all about…..
Power. They had helots (slaves), they created an uproar.
What was the Code of Lycurgus
What it means to be a spartan cost vs. power
Athen was all about….
Democracy, uprising of peasants and farmers, they wanted government to take care of them.
What was the Solon reform?
All about democracy (complete opposite of Sparta)
Where was the first invasion of the Persian wars?
Ionia (present day turkey)
Who was the Persian king?
Darius
Why was the first invasion on Ionia?
They wanted to associate with Greece not Persia
In 520 B.C. Who attacked?
Athens, they were defeated and Persia won
In 490 B.C. What city was attacked in Greece by Persia?
Marathon
Out of the 25,000 Persian fighters, how many casualties were there?
6,000
Out of the 10,000 Athenian soldiers how many casualties?
192
Who was victorious at marathon?
Athens
Who was the little kid that ran 26 miles to Athens to tell the Athenian people they were victorious at the battle of marathon while being naked?
Pheidippides, he then died right when he reached the gates. That’s were the 26 mile marathon comes from today
2nd invasion: 480 what happens?
Darius dies, some Xerxes takes over as new king
What is he seeking for his father?
Revenge
How many troops go to battle for Persia?
50,000
Where was the second battle located?
Thermopylae
How many Greek troops are at Thermopylae?
15,000
Where was the battle located geographically?
In a canyon
700 Greeks and 300 Spartans retreated because….
Of this battle
How many days did it last and why?
3 days until every Spartan was dead which slowed the advance
Persia loaded their armies on…..
Ships
How many Greek ships were posted at sea?
310
How many Persian ships were there?
1000
What did the Greeks do to the Persian ships?
They put a pole under their ship because their ships were lighter and then the Persian ships hit the bottom of the sea
What did the poles do to the Persian ships
Smashes holes in the sides
Who was defeated?
Persia/Xerxes
The Athens navy felt
Pride
The spartan navy felt…
Strength
480-430 B.C. Was the……
Golden age of Greece/Athens
