Greece Flashcards

Question

Agamemnon

Answer 1

king of Mycenae mask found at Mycenae in 1876 Was helen's husband until Paris homewrecked them Schliemann may have not discovered his tomb. pottery near mask was 200 years too early

Answer 2

Known for exposing the ignorance of the higher ups through interrogating them Was always teaching Higher Ups grew mad at him and ordered him executed died publicly by drinking hemlock was still teaching as he died said (it more sophisticated words) “to fear death is unwise as I do not know what happens”

Answer 3

Meletus accused him of corrupting the youth and introducing them to other gods

Answer 4

king of sparta brother of agamemnon

Answer 5

was the wife of menelaus left for Paris most beautiful

Answer 6

king of troy

Answer 7

wrote legal code

Answer 8

king of ithaca sailed the seas

Answer 9

East greeks

Answer 10

Any member of a major division of the ancient Greek people Distinguished by a well-marked dialect and by their subdivision Came in from the North

Answer 11

canceled debts restructured social classes created the Council of Four Hundred

Answer 12

introduced new tribes established the Council of Five Hundred implemented ostracism expanded citizen participation shaped foundations of Athenian democracy.

Answer 13

palaces that dominated Mycenaean fell into decay civilization on greek mainland fell with them writing was lost/no writing takes place for 350 yrs

Answer 14

communication between villages was reestablished communities governed by elite groups of aristocrats (opposed to a single king) tyrannies moved out of bronze age into iron age writing reemerged panhellenic games at olympia in 776

Answer 15

copper and tin much better tools/weapons advanced agricultural techniques main foods (olives, figs, barley, goats, sheep) trade and wealth led to occupational specialization 2300-2100 BCE: development stopped sanctuaries built on hills temples, altars, architecture for Gods bigger building, palaces, jewelry (wealth) style of writing called Linear A reinforced masonry with wood supports, elevator shafts to allow light and access to lower levels, plumbing

Answer 16

480 BCE, Greco-Persian Wars occurred in the narrow straits between Salamis and the Greek mainland Led by Athens and Sparta they formed an alliance (led by Themistocles) to resist persian invasion (Xerces army) Themistocles, the Greek general, devised the strategy. They lured the Persians into confined waters neutralizing numerical disadvantage. The greeks won (Athens and Sparta)

Answer 17

490 BCE (42 km from Athens) greeks won weaker center, strong flanks overwhelmed the persians from behind Greek kept Persian army pinned down at Marathon blocked both exits from the plain preventing themselves from being outmaneuvered Persian wanted to capture the city states first captured other nations and conscripted into the army

Answer 18

480 BCE persians won persian army led by Xerxes I defeated greek forces led by spartan king Leonidas Greek tightly packed formation fight together Immortals were the only heavily armoured persian infantry fought up close spartan hoplites were best well equipped and trained Persian used cavalry to try to outflank enemy and attack from the side/rear greek rarely used cavalry (hoplites) persian infantry didn’t fight up close (lightly armoured)

Answer 19

covered two mil2 miles 546 BCE - 499 BCE persians go to war against ionians 546 BCE siege of sardis. The defeat of king Croesus of Lydia by Persian ruler Cyrus II at Sardis was a major step forward in the rise of the Persian Empire Takes control over Ionia 499 BCE - Several Ionian Greek poleis rose against the Persians and successfully secured Athenian aid Persian King was taxing the city states Ionians didn’t want to. Revolt - Miletus leads it

Answer 20

-Sparta had asked for help from Athens over a Helot (slave) revolt 452 BCE -Athens sends troops and are turned away-terrible insult -starts over disagreement over Athenian interference with Corinth which was a member of the Peloponnesian League (headed by Sparta) -lasts 27 years and draws in most Greek city states -plague strikes and wipes out Pericles and many Athenians -Sparta wins in 405 BCE and forces Athens to accept Spartan leadership in all matters of peace and war -30 men placed in Athens to rule as tyrants -403 BCE Athens restored to democracy

Answer 21

-Athens and Sparta were 2 most powerful of 300 city states -Spartans were warriors and most of political and military systems were attributed to Lycurgus in the 7th c BCE -slaves were called helots -all men who were equals or “homoioi” could vote in Assembly and received a share of land and slaves -2 Kings, a Council of Elders (28 men over the age of 60) advised King -present legislation to assembly for approval -5 men called Ephors elected by assembly preside over council and assembly

Answer 22

tutored by aristotle takes over at 20 after dad, Philip, dies 334, sets out after persians (never returns) army begins relatively small 35,000 lead by seasoned commanders and soldiers were all devoted to Alexander Persian army lead by Darius who was a despot who ruled by force and many of his soldiers were made up of conquered people who felt no loyalty to him

Answer 23

western Asia Minor charged across the river and shattered Persians Alexander was nearly killed allowed him to go along the coast and free Greek city states under Persian yoke

Answer 24

1st time Darius and Alex meet in battle Darius was threatening his lengthening supply and communication line 30 000 for each side Greek cavalry crushed Darius’s left flank and he flees Alex has dinner in D’s tent that night Alex captures royal family Alex stops pursuit of D and turns instead to destroy D’s navy Alex conquers Phoenicia and the fleet melts away takes treasury of Damascus

Answer 25

7 month siege before it surrenders D offers 10,000 talents of gold if Alex goes home and gives back royal family also offers his daughter’s hand in marriage Alex says no and marches on Egypt where he is crowned Pharaoh and founds Alexandria

Answer 26

47,000 men versus even larger Persian force D flees D murdered by one of his own servants in Bactria whole east is open to Alex finished off Persians and continues east as far as Indus River

Answer 27

Greek army of 30,000 crosses the Hindu Kush goes against Indian King Porus Indian army had home field advantage, more troops and 200 war elephants vicious battle Alex couldn’t use horses as they were terrified of the elephants Alex barely wins after horrific casualties on both sides wanted to go as far as Indian Ocean but faced with revolt he settles in to govern his troops had travelled for 8 years and 17,000 miles he retires to Babylon makes Greek language and culture a unifying force but respects and incorporates languages and cultures of vanquished peoples used local leaders as advisors

Answer 28

died of malaria at 32 years old never lost a battle death of Alexander separates the Classical Age (480-323 BCE) from the Hellenistic Age (323-31 BCE) Greek culture spreads through all countries he captured Greek merchants, teachers and tradesmen travelled widely to newly conquered territory Alex founded 70 new cities with typical Greek buildings (theatres, stadia, temples and libraries) his 3 generals split his world in 3 pieces with each governing one section Seleucus takes Asian part Ptolemy takes Egypt Antigonus takes Greece and Macedon