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Egypt Flashcards

1
Q

Menes 3100 BC (Early Dynastic Period)

A

The first Pharaoh. United upper and lower Egypt.

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2
Q

Khufu 2580-2560 BC (Old Kingdom)

A

Built the Great Pyramid of Giza,

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3
Q

Hatshepsut 1479-1458 BC (New Kingdom)

A

One of the few female pharaohs, known for her successful reign and temple construction.

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4
Q

Tutankhamun (Tut) 1332-1323 BC (New Kingdom)

A

Was the one whose tomb was preserved until the 20th century, restored polytheism.

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5
Q

Imhotep 27th century BC (Early Dynastic Period)

A

An architect, physician, and chancellor to Pharaoh Djoser, he is often considered the world’s first known polymath

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6
Q

Amenhotep IV 1353-1336 BC (New Kingdom)

A

Known for introducing a short-lived religious revolution by promoting the worship of the sun god Aten.

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7
Q

Nefertiti 1353-1336 BC (New Kingdom)

A

Queen and wife of Akhenaten, known for her role in the religious changes of her time.

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8
Q

Ramesses II 1279-1213 BC (New Kingdom)

A

A powerful and prolific pharaoh, known for his numerous building projects and military campaigns.

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9
Q

Cleopatra VII 69 BC to 30 BC (the end of the Egyptian empire)

A

The last Pharaoh of Egypt, known for her political and romantic relationships with Julius Caesar and Mark

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10
Q

Thutmose III 1479-1425 BC (New Kingdom)

A

Known for his military conquests and expansion of the Egyptian empire.

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11
Q

Amenemhat I 1991-1962 BC (Middle Kingdom)

A

The founder of the Middle Kingdom and the 12th Dynasty of Egypt.

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12
Q

Ra

A

The sun god and creator of all gods

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13
Q

Shu

A

God of air and supporter of sky

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14
Q

Tefnut

A

goddess of moisture, rainfall, and humidity

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15
Q

Geb

A

God of earth (birthed principals of life)

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16
Q

Nut

A

Goddess of sky and heavens

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17
Q

Osiris

A

God of death, rebirth, and lord of underworld.

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18
Q

Isis

A

Goddess of healing and magic (mother god)

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19
Q

Horus

A

god of war

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20
Q

Ma’at

A

Goddess of justice, truth, and balance

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21
Q

Advantages and Disadvantages of being a scribe

A

Advantages
Didn’t have to
pay taxes
be part of military
do manual labour
Disadvantages:
took as long as 5 yrs to train as scribe
complicated to learn
get beaten if done wrong

22
Q

Abraham

A

Patriarch of jews
must move everyone to promiseland

23
Q

moses

A

bush, must lead people out to promised land
10 plagues
10 commandments

24
Q

Social Classes?

A

Gods
Pharaohs
Nobles
Priests/Scribes
Artisans
Peasants
Slaves

25
Libyan + Arabian Deserts
became wastelands with climate change -people migrated to Nile where agri. flourished -defense -copper, quartz, flint, marble, natron salt
26
Mediterranean Sea:
connected Cairo and Alexandria to other kingdoms -trade -protection from invasion
27
Upper Egypt
low mountains and desert -6-20 km of inhabitable land -little fertile land -more invasions -not as wealthy
28
Lower Egypt
valleys -Nile River Delta (fertile land) -mediterranean sea
29
Djoser
-first pyramid -step pyramid -built by Imhotep
30
3 pyramids of Giza?
Khafre, Khufu, Menkaure
31
Cartouche
oval stone given to pharaohs/gods that represent names/titles
32
Rosetta Stone
stone that helped translate ancient languages stone said same thing repeated able to read hieroglyphs
33
Ba
Spirit that enters body at birth
34
Ka
soul duplicate in heart
35
Akh
Spirit of a dead person
36
Exodus
angel of death descends and kills the first born of everyone in Egypt must smear lamb’s blood above the door Passover
37
Ark of the Covenant:
built to house 10 commandments don’t know if even built don’t know where let israelites communicate with Yahweh
38
Unification of Upper and Lower Egypt (c. 3100 BC)
Menes unified Upper and Lower Egypt, marking the beginning of the ancient Egyptian civilization.
39
Construction of the Pyramids (c. 2600-2500 BC)
The construction of the Great Pyramids of Giza, including the Pyramid of Khufu, was a remarkable architectural and engineering achievement.
40
Hyksos Invasion (c. 17th century BC)
he Hyksos, a Semitic people, invaded and ruled parts of Egypt, introducing new technology and weaponry
41
Amarna Period (c. 1353-1336 BC)
Pharaoh Akhenaten introduced a short-lived religious revolution, shifting the focus to the worship of the sun god Aten and moving the capital to Akhetaten (modern Amarna).
42
Tutankhamun's Tomb Discovery (1922)
Howard Carter's discovery of King Tutankhamun's nearly intact tomb in the Valley of the Kings provided invaluable insights into Egyptian burial practices and artifacts
43
Battle of Kadesh (1274 BC)
The Battle of Kadesh between Ramesses II of Egypt and Muwatalli II of the Hittites is one of the earliest documented battles in history, ending in a stalemate
44
Assyrian and Persian Invasions (c. 7th-6th century BC)
Egypt faced invasions from the Assyrians and Persians, leading to periods of foreign rule.
45
Roman Annexation (30 BC)
Egypt officially became a Roman province after the defeat of Cleopatra and Mark Antony by Octavian (later known as Augustus)
46
Rosetta Stone Discovery (1799)
The discovery of the Rosetta Stone, inscribed with three scripts (hieroglyphics, Demotic script, and Greek), played a vital role in deciphering hieroglyphics and understanding ancient Egyptian language and culture.
47
Outline the major changes that were occurring in the Egyptian military during the New Kingdom.
Leather armour with metal scales Lightweight Protective Charioteers Started wielding shields Shields on the sides and front to protect from enemy archers Permanent garrisons Fort right in enemies’ territory Increased size of standing armies Professional/trained army
48
Everyday life (marriages)
marriages were arranged by families for social and economical reasons male babies were desired social status meant everything
49
Mummification
1. Body Preparation 2. Organ Preservation (separately preserved in canopic jars 3. Drying and Salting: The body was covered in natron for 40 days 4. Body Wrapping: 5. Mask and Coffin 6. They prayed for the dead 7. Funerary objects were then placed with the dead 8. They sealed the tomb
50
Old kingdom
economic problems environmental issues (less rainfall/floods) drought and famine erosion of the authority of the Pharaoh nobles and priests gained power 400 yrs upper and lower was unified (split again)
51
52
Middle Kingdom
weakness of its later kings neighboring peoples began to retake territory the Egyptians had controlled when Egypt was unified invasion - Hyksos

Ancient Civilizations (5 decks)

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