Gre Flashcards
Temerity - təˈmerəti
The act of being very brave and bold, more than is reasonable or sensible
Temerity means being very bold or daring, often in an impolite or disrespectful way.
You can use it to describe someone who takes a risk that is considered too risky or someone who says something that is very rude or outrageous .
For example, “She had the temerity to interrupt the teacher during class,” or “He had the temerity to ask his boss for a raise after only working for a week.”
It is important to use this word carefully, as it has a negative connotation and can sound harsh in certain situations.
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❝Yes, I have a website that puts out conservative news. Yes, I am part owner of a gun company. Yes, I’m a Republican who was cast into the limelight for having the temerity to confront Barack Obama on the question of redistributing wealth… But I’m a working man, and I’m working.❞ Joe Wurzelbacher, American Celebrity.
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❝John Brown was one of my longtime heroes, and it was with no little amount of temerity that I accepted the role. There are some things I am hesitant about, and playing a hero of mine is one of them.❞ Sterling Hayden
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❝ Temerity is not always successful.❞ Livy, Roman Historian.
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❝There was a period of time where the two most wanted guys in the state of Oklahoma were me and Josh Heupel. Me for suggesting that you could throw the ball at Oklahoma and in the Big 12. And Josh Heupel for having the temerity to play quarterback and not be able to run faster than 5 flat.❞ Bob Stoops, American Coach.
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❝Sitting on public transport is an occasionally exasperating experience if you have the temerity to attempt travelling while female.❞ Dawn Foster, British Journalist.
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❝Forgive me but I’ve been tutted at in Paris a fair few times and I still don’t know if it’s because I was wearing Asda jeans or had the temerity to order food in a restaurant.❞ Sarah Millican
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❝I’ve been criticized because I’ve had the temerity to speak out and done a couple of interviews since I left office. I don’t find anything surprising about that.❞ Dick Cheney, American Vice President.
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❝President Trump not only lies with astonishing temerity and abandon, but those lies connect into equally false narratives that gin up the worst fears and prejudices of his base.❞ Michiko Kakutani, American Critic.
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❝We were fortunate to have the Russians as our childhood enemies. We practiced hiding under our desks in case they had the temerity to drop a nuclear weapon.❞ Kary Mullis, American Scientist.
The term “ temerity “ was first used in English literature in 1584 when it was introduced in Edmund Spenser’s poem, The Faerie Queene.
It takes great temerity to accept failure and move on.
The 19th century British explorer Sir Richard Burton was famed for his temerity and sense of adventure, evidenced by his many travels into Africa and Asia and his intricate studies of various cultures.
It is a brave person who exhibits temerity in the face of adversity .
A sign of temerity and resilience in the face of uncertainty can be seen in the Icelandic phrase “þetta reddast,” which translates to “it will all work out.
Never let uncertainty stop you from taking bold action with temerity .
Although it is generally considered to be a negative quality, ancient Greeks looked upon temerity as an admirable trait in their heroes, as it often acted as a universal catalyst for a plot line.
Have the temerity to go after your dreams with no fear of the outcome.
Do not underestimate the power of temerity in challenging the status quo.
Depredate - ˈdeprəˌda:t (2)
To attack, steal, or damage something, often for personal gain.
To reduce something, especially natural resources, due to human activities or natural phenomena.
Depredation refers to the damage or harm caused by animals or humans to something valuable, such as crops or property. For example, if a pack of wolves attacked a farmer’s livestock, that would be considered a depredation .
This word is often used in situations where there has been some sort of loss or destruction due to the actions of someone or something else.
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Depredation is often used to refer to the destruction of natural resources and habitats, particularly those caused by human activities such as deforestation.
It is important to be mindful of the depredation humans can have on their environment.
In the past few decades, the illegal fishing practices of foreign fleets have caused significant depredation of fish stocks in many parts of the world.
To save our planet from irreversible depredation , we must act with urgency.
Depredation of wild animal populations due to hunting and poaching has been identified as a major contributor to global species extinction.
We must strive to undo the depredation already made by seeking sustainable solutions.
The rapid growth of urban development has caused considerable depredation of grassland ecosystems, resulting in a wide range of negative impacts on biodiversity.
Ignoring the danger of depredation to our natural resources risks disasterous consequences.
Recent research suggests that oil spills and other forms of environmental pollution may be contributing to the depredation of coral reefs around the world.
We must take personal responsibility in order to prevent further depredation .
❝America’s sanctions policy is largely consistent and, in a certain sense, admirable. By applying economic restraints, we label the most oppressive and dangerous governments in the world pariahs. We wash our hands of evil, declining to help despots finance their depredations , even at a cost to ourselves of some economic growth.❞ Jacob Weisberg, American journalist.
❝In that wide struggle which we call Progress, evil is always the aggressor and the vanquished, and it is right that this should be so, for without its onslaughts and depredations humanity might fall to a fat slumber upon its cornsacks and die snoring.❞ James Stephens, Irish poet.
❝We are surely the primary agent of death for all members of the cat tribe. For many if not most cat species, our depredations must surpass accidents, disease, and even starvation by a considerable margin.❞ Eliszabeth Marshall Thomas, American author.
❝Chairman Chaffetz was an enthusiastic supporter of the ‘USA Freedom Act,’ designed to rein in the allegedly renegade NSA and its wanton depredations of American privacy.❞ Michael Hayden, American public servant.
❝No one painted a more accurate picture of military depredation than Vergil. Inspired though he was by the Latin spirit and by his pride in Rome, he nevertheless glorified Rome’s true mission as one of providing the world with the rules of peace and justice.❞ Ernesto Teodoro Moneta, Italian journalist
Plunder - ˈplʌndər
To steal or take with force goods, especially in large quantities, from a place or a person. Also noun for such goods.
Plunder means to steal things, usually from a place that has been attacked or invaded.
It can also mean to take things that belong to someone else without permission or by force.
Plunder is often used in the context of war, piracy , or looting .
It is important to note that plundering is illegal and considered a criminal act.
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During the American Revolution, British commanders often used demoralizing methods of warfare such as plundering , burning homes, and confiscating supplies to try and weaken the morale of the colonists.
To plunder knowledge from those more experienced than you is a sure way to find success.
In Sanskrit, the act of trespass is referred to as abhiharan, which translates to “ plundering “.
Archeologists discovered artifacts believed to be plundered from a 400-year-old shipwreck off the coast of the Dominican Republic in 2016.
Life is a precious commodity that should not be plundered by recklessness or indifference.
During the 17th century, many ships would ‘ plunder ‘ goods during a course of naval warfare known as ‘privateering’.
Plundering the resources of our planet without thought for the future is a grave mistake.
Barbarian tribes living in Europe before the 12th century engaged in brutal acts of barbarity including pillaging , theft, and plundering .
No matter what the situation, never seek to plunder the joy of another for personal gain.
Achieving success requires hard work and dedication - not plundering the accomplishments of others.
❝Surely the best way to meet the enemy is head on in the field and not wait till they plunder our very homes.❞ Oliver Goldsmith, Irish poet.
❝Alliance - in international politics, the union of two thieves who have their hands so deeply inserted in each other’s pockets that they cannot separately plunder a third.❞ Ambrose Bierce, American journalist.
❝Airport expansion is just one example of how our planet is being plundered for profit.❞ John McDonnell, British Polistician.
❝To tax the community for the advantage of a class is not protection: it is plunder .❞ Benjamin Disraeli, British Statesman
❝For far too long the world’s poorest people have seen no benefit from the vast natural resources in their own backyards. It is time to end the injustice where ordinary people are silent witnesses, left to suffer without basic services, as the profits from their countries’ assets are hidden and plundered by corrupt regimes.❞ Nick Clegg, British Politician
Genuflect - ˈdʒenjuflekt (2)
to bend the knee or touch one knee to the floor in respect
to show a lot of respect or admiration for someone or something, often too much
Genuflect means to bend one knee down to the ground as a sign of respect or worship. People often do this in religious settings, such as when entering or leaving a church or at certain points during a service.
It can also be done as a gesture of respect towards a person in authority or as a sign of submission.
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The Greek word “ genuflect “ derives from the root words “genu” meaning “knee” and “flectere” meaning “to bend”.
Those who understand their own privilege must genuflect in recognition of those who have suffered adversity .
Ancient Romans were known to genuflect when worshipping their gods.
Before attempting any task, take a moment to genuflect and remind yourself of your worth.
During medieval times, it was common for people to genuflect in front of their kings as a sign of respect.
Before you speak, always genuflect and consider the gravity of your words.
In times of great difficulty, genuflect and remember that everything passes.
Genuflect before the sacredness of the universe, and marvel at its beauty.
Wend - wend (2)
to proceed or go on a journey
to turn, direct or shift in a specified direction
Wend means to go or to travel, especially on foot.
It is often used to describe a slow and winding journey, such as walking through a forest or following a river. For example, “We wended our way through the narrow streets of the old town.” It is a somewhat formal or literary word that is not commonly used in everyday conversation, but can add a more descriptive and poetic tone to your writing or speech.
The word ‘vend’ comes from the Proto-Indo-European root wendh- meaning ‘to turn or twist’. This root is also seen in the English words wind and wend .
Don’t be afraid to explore the unknown; wend your way with an open heart.
According to an old German folk tale, a Wend is an evil creature who lures travelers off the path in order to rob and kill them.
There is no straight path to success; wend your own way.
Wend Panton, an African-American artist and sculptor, is credited with creating the first artist’s mannequin with realistic full-body anatomy.
Trust your intuition and wend through life as if you have a destination in mind.
The Wend people are a Slavic ethnic group indigenous to Central and Eastern Europe.
Time passes quickly; make certain to wend each moment wisely.
The Wend Hunt is an annual spring festival celebrated by North Germanic peoples, including the Wends .
In a complex situation, it is best to wend carefully and use caution.
Pelagic - pəˈlædʒɪk
Related to the open sea, especially the deeper parts well away from the coast and sea bed
Pelagic describes things related to open oceans or seas, away from the coast or the ocean floor.
It can describe marine animals, plants, or habitats that are found in open waters, as well as activities like fishing or scientific research that take place in these areas.
For example, “The pelagic zone is the vast, open area of the ocean where sunlight penetrates and supports many forms of marine life.”
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Pelagic sharks can be found in most of the world’s oceans, but they tend to prefer deeper, colder waters.
The ocean’s greatest secrets lie in the pelagic , so take the time to appreciate its beauty.
Pelagic species, or animals living in open oceans, use dispersal as a means of survival; the mobility allows them to go where they can find food and temperature-appropriate water.
The pelagic is where courage and strength will be rewarded with untold wisdom and knowledge.
Being highly nutrient-dense areas, deep-water pelagic zones are often considered one of the most productive areas in all of the ocean.
To progress through life successfully, you must embrace a pelagic attitude of never fearing the unknown.
Tagging of Pacific pelagic fish, such as sharks and tuna, has been used since 1973 to study their migration patterns and behavior.
Never underestimate the power of a pelagic mindset when seeking to expand your horizons.
Some pelagic fish migrate every year in massive schools along highly specific routes, something known as a ‘ pelagic drift’.
Life’s journey is a pelagic one, so embrace the chance to explore the depths of your own potential.
Froward - ˈfroʊwərd (2)
Habitually disposed to disobedience and opposition.
Adverse.
Adverse - ædˈvɜːrs (2)
Negative and unpleasant, not helpful.
Against, opposing, preventing success.
Adverse describes something that is not good, unfavorable, or harmful.
It is often used to talk about situations or events that can have a negative impact on someone or something. For example, you could say “The adverse weather conditions caused the game to be cancelled” or “The company’s profits were affected by adverse economic conditions”.
In short, it means something that is not helpful and can cause problems.
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Extreme weather events due to climate change can have adverse economic impacts on certain regions.
Excessive consumption of anything can lead to adverse effects.
Attitude adjustments can be seen in animals as well; for instance, some species of ant will move their colony when faced with adverse environmental changes.
Sometimes it’s necessary to take a step back and assess the situation in order to navigate adverse conditions.
As of 2020, countries around the world have pledged 5 trillion dollars in investments against the adverse effects of climate change.
Don’t let adverse circumstances kidnap your hope for a better future.
Allergic response is the most common form of adverse reaction to food and drugs.
Having a sense of humor and perspective can help you stay resilient in the face of adverse circumstances.
In the U.S., individuals with adverse credit histories are often denied access to bank loans, mortgages , and other financial products.
Too much nicotine can have adverse effects on your physical and mental health.
Punctilious - pʌŋkˈtɪliəs
Paying a lot of attention to details and doing things in a correct and careful manner.
Punctilious describes someone who is very careful and detailed in following rules, customs and etiquette. For example, a punctilious person will follow all the rules of a formal dinner party or an important meeting.
Punctilious is often used in formal writing and conversations, such as in job interviews or academic discussions. It is a positive word that shows that someone is very respectful and polite.
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The punctilious practice of mummification was utilized by the ancient Egyptians to ensure the preservation of bodies for the afterlife.
Taking a punctilious approach to life will lead to more positive outcomes.
A punctilious approach to proper nutrition and exercise is essential for maintaining optimal health and preventing disease.
The punctilious habits of the honey bee includes their dance movements which communicate the location and distance of food sources to fellow hive members.
A punctilious approach to any task ensures the highest quality of work.
Punctilious protocols must be followed when conducting complex scientific experiments to ensure they are completed accurately and safely.
To be a successful individual, showing punctilious attention to detail is a must.
In the Japanese culture, punctilious etiquette is an important part of traditional ceremonies such as tea ceremonies.
Aphorism - ˈ æfərɪzəm
A short saying that expresses a general truth or principle
A concise statement of a scientific principle, usually by a classical author
An aphorism is a short saying or phrase that expresses a wise or clever idea.
It is usually a statement which is easily memorable and applicable in many different situations. People often use aphorisms to express a complex idea in a few words or to offer advice or guidance to someone.
You can find aphorisms in books, speeches, advertisements or just randomly spoken by someone. They are a great way to share wisdom and offer insight into human nature or circumstances.
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Aphorisms are often used to express a succinct and memorable truth or idea.
A stitch in time saves nine.” - An old aphorism , but still true today.
In the Greek aphorism ‘Know Thyself’, Socrates suggested that becoming preoccupied with anger was a sign of being peevish .
Some cultures use aphorisms in their different forms of art such as poetry and music, using them to convey philosophical and social messages.
The early bird catches the worm.” - A classic aphorism that still holds true.
An ounce of prevention is worth a pound of cure.” - A wise aphorism that applies to many situations.
The term ‘ aphorism ‘ was originated by the ancient Greek rhetorician, Hippocrates.
A penny saved is a penny earned.” - An age-old aphorism that speaks to frugality.
Famous examples of aphorisms include George Orwell’s “Big Brother is watching” and Oscar Wilde’s “Experience is simply the name we give our mistakes”.
A journey of a thousand miles begins with a single step.” - An ancient aphorism that reminds us that progress takes time.
Purloin - ˈpɜːrlɔɪn
To steal something, especially something of small value
Purloin means to steal something, especially in a sneaky way.
It is often used in formal and literary writing. For example, one could say “the thief purloined the valuable diamond necklace from the jewelry store.”.
It is not commonly used in everyday conversations, so it is important to use it in appropriate contexts such as in writing reports, essays or stories.
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The term “ purloin “ is derived from the French word “piller,” meaning “to pillage .
To purloin what isn’t yours is to risk being caught and facing the consequences.
In 1553, Spanish explorer Luis de Carabajal y Cueva purloined an Aztec sacred bell from a temple located in San Juan Teotihuacan, Mexico.
A wise person will never attempt to purloin that which is not rightfully theirs.
In 1912, a woman purloined a piece of the crown of Queen Elizabeth I from Westminster Abbey in London, England.
In folklore and literature, purloining is often associated with certain mythical figures, such as fairies, goblins, and trolls.
Taking what isn’t yours by purloining it will eventually lead to an unhappy outcome.
Consider carefully before you attempt to purloin something from someone else.
Those who purloin from others often face more repercussions than those who work for their gain.
In the medieval era, it was common for people to purloin goods from the local marketplaces.
Esoteric - ˌesə’terɪk (2)
Understood by, confined, or intended for only a small number of people with special knowledge or interest
Very obscure and experimental
Esoteric means something that is only known or understood by a specific group of people who have a special knowledge or interest in it.
It often refers to things that are mysterious or difficult for most people to understand. For example, a book about advanced mathematics would be considered esoteric because only people with advanced knowledge in mathematics would be able to fully understand it.
The word can be used in various contexts, such as talking about certain religions, philosophies, or hobbies that are not widely known or popular.
It is not a common word in everyday conversation, but you might come across it in academic or specialized contexts.
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The esoteric tradition dates back to ancient Greece where it was used to refer to secrets only known by a select few people.
Some cultures throughout history have held esoteric beliefs about the power of eccentricity, seeing it as a form of creative genius or spiritual connection.
Knowledge is power, but an esoteric understanding of the world will provide insight beyond measure.
In modern times, many elements of Gnosticism have been adopted by various spiritual and New Age groups, such as The Gnostic Society, who are devoted to researching and disseminating esoteric knowledge.
Those who seek the esoteric will not be disappointed in the rewards they find.
Esoteric knowledge is seen in many cultures as having been passed down through generations, often handed down by a select few people or in secret societies.
Exploring the esoteric leads to a deeper understanding of the universe around us.
Anthroposophy emphasizes the potential spiritual evolution of the human species, or anthropos, by linking traditional Western esoteric wisdom to modern scientific discoveries.
It takes courage and self-reflection to open one’s mind to such esoteric concepts.
Acceptance of the esoteric brings wisdom and enlightenment to the soul.
Succour - ˈsʌkər
Help or assistance, especially in time of difficulty. Also verb.
Succour means to give help and comfort to someone who is in a difficult or challenging situation. For example: “The firefighters provided succour to the family after their house caught fire.”This word is often used in formal or literary contexts, such as in religious texts or historical literature.
It is not commonly used in everyday conversation, but it is a useful word to know for reading and writing purposes.
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In the Middle Ages, succour was seen as a form of chivalry, with knights from different orders providing assistance to travelers and persons in need.
In life’s most trying times, succour can be found in the comfort of family.
During World War I, the Red Cross provided succour for soldiers on the front lines by carrying supplies such as bandages, water and food.
Have courage to seek out succour , for it is often the only way to endure hardship .
Succour is a key component of international law, with the United Nations Charter affirming the right of any nation to request assistance in times of crisis.
When in need of succour , ask for help from those who are willing and able.
In the Philippines, succour is a staple part of Catholic religious practice, with people gathering for novenas (nine day prayers) seeking divine succour .
Though it may be hard to ask for succour , know that you are deserving of kindness and assistance.
In the 16th century, the medical profession embraced succour as an ethical duty of care, with physicians subsisting on the generous donations of their patients.
Seeking succour can come in many forms, such as prayer or kind words.
Protean - ‘prəʊtiən (2)
Changing quickly and often
Able to do many different things
Protean means something that can change and adapt easily.
You can use the word protean to describe a person, thing, or situation that can change its form, shape or mood easily according to the needs or circumstances.
For example, a person who has many talents and can perform a variety of roles can be called ‘ protean .’ A company that can easily adapt to new trends and technologies can also be described as ‘ protean .’ Protean describes something that is versatile and can change easily to suit different demands or situations.
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Protean is used to describe something that is very changeable or versatile .
An attitude of flexibility and impermanence is key to unlocking our potential, for the protean nature of the world demands it.
Protean Energy, a 2020 startup that develops advanced energy storage systems, uses ProteanDrive™ motor technology to efficiently move heavy loads.
While our challenges may be protean , we must remember there is strength in uniting our thoughts and actions.
Protean is an adjective derived from the Greek god Proteus, whose power was to shapeshift.
We must embrace the protean nature of success and failure, life and death, joy and sorrow, that is part of our human experience.
In biology, the protean effect is a phenomenon in which proteins can adopt multiple states in response to changing environmental conditions.
Our lives are ever-changing and protean , so it is our responsibility to take every opportunity that comes our way.
With a firm grip on humility, patience, and endurance, we can succeed despite the protean difficulties that come with life.
Protean Tunnels is a travelling art project based on the concept of the protean . It reclaims and re-appropriates found objects, images and sounds to explore memory, nostalgia and transformation.
Callous - ˈkæləs (2)
Showing or having an insensitive and cruel disregard for others
Hardened skin in an area subjected to friction. To make or become hard; harden.
Callous means someone who is unfeeling, insensitive, and indifferent to other people’s suffering, usually due to repeated exposure to distressing situations.
Callous is often used to describe behavior that is cold and lacking in empathy, usually when the situation warrants more compassion.
For example, you can say, “his callous response to the homeless man’s plea for help was shocking.”
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Callouses can be a sign of callousness , as people who experience emotional hardship tend to have a thicker layer of callouses than those who have not.
A callous attitude towards failure is the enemy of progress.
The word ‘ callous ’ comes from the Latin ‘callosus,’ which means “hard skin.”
It is better to forgive yourself than to be callous in your own self-criticism.
Being callous to the plight of others leads to a life of isolation and unhappiness.
The miscreant ‘s actions were callous and unprincipled, setting a negative example for the community.
Callousness is a shield that keeps us from feeling pain, but also prevents us from feeling joy.
Proscribe - prəʊˈskrɑɪb (2)
To officially forbid or ban something.
To denounce or condemn something as dangerous or harmful.
Proscribe means to forbid or make something illegal by law. It is commonly used in legal or formal contexts. For example, a government may proscribe certain activities that are deemed harmful or illegal.
It can also describe banning someone from doing something or being part of a group or organization. For instance, a school may proscribe the use of cell phones during class time.
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In some countries, proscribing alcohol consumption is still a major public health measure.
Proscribing fear is essential for living a bold and courageous life.
In many cultures, proscribing certain behavior or speech is seen as a form of social control and can be used to maintain certain values and beliefs.
Proscribing unhappiness will lead to a life full of joy.
In India, some scriptures proscribe certain foods that are considered unholy, such as beef and pork.
Proscribing procrastination will help you achieve your goals faster.
The United Nations has proscribed the use of certain weapons of mass destruction, including chemical weapons and nuclear weapons.
To proscribe an action is to avoid it at all costs.
Ancient Rome was one of the first civilizations to proscribe certain sexual behaviors and curses with heavy punishments such as banishment or death.
Proscribing doubt is vital if you wish to reach the summit of success.
Denouement - ˌdeɪnuːˈmɑ̃ː (2)
The final part of a play, movie, or narrative in which the plot is drawn together and things are explained or resolved.
The outcome or resolution of a doubtful series of occurrences.
Denouement is a French word meaning ‘ unraveling ‘ or ‘untying’. It is the final part of a story or plot where everything is explained and resolved.
Think of it as the end of a mystery movie, where everything is revealed and all loose ends are tied up. It is pronounced DAY-noo-mahnt.
You can use the word denouement when you want to describe the ending of a story or the resolution of a conflict.
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In the 18th century, the denouement was seen as being the climax of a story and held more importance than it does today.
Whatever struggles you have faced, the denouement of your story will always be in your control.
Denouement can refer to the last major stage of a series of events or the unraveling of a complex situation.
In life, there is no set denouement - it is your decision to make the best of each situation.
In psychoanalysis, denouement describes the process of resolving subconscious emotions that contribute to mental health issues such as anxiety or depression.
Every journey has its own unique denouement , so remember not to compare your experiences to others’.
The word denouement comes from the French verb “dénouer,” which means to untie or unwind , and describes the conclusion of a story or plot .
Your attitude towards the denouement of any situation can define who you choose to become.
In literary criticism, denouement refers to the moment when a work’s final plot elements are revealed, showing how all the tension has been resolved.
Many times, the denouement of a situation will surprise and enlighten you, leading the way to new opportunities.
Supercilious - ˌsuːpərˈsɪliəs
Acting as if you are better than other people, and that their opinions, beliefs or ideas are not important.
Supercilious describes someone who thinks they are better or more important than other people. It could be used to describe someone who speaks or acts as if they are above others, or someone who looks down on people they consider to be lower in status or intelligence.
It’s not a nice word to use about someone, as it implies that they are arrogant and think too much of themselves.
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Supercilious comes from the Latin word ‘supercilius’, meaning ‘eyebrow’. It dates back to the 1700’s and was first used to describe a proud or haughty attitude.
Dismissing others with a supercilious air is not admirable behavior.
Don’t let a supercilious attitude prevent you from making meaningful connections.
Treating others with a supercilious attitude will not gain you any respect.
Let go of your pride and supercilious ways, and humble yourself instead.
Showing humility is far more beneficial than exhibiting a supercilious attitude.
Parley - ˈpɑːrli
A meeting between two sides in a disagreement or conflict to discuss a solution. Also verb.
Parley means to have a discussion or negotiation, usually between two groups who have a disagreement or conflict. It’s often used in formal or serious situations such as business or politics, and can also be used in historical contexts such as during wartime.
For example, “The two sides decided to parley in order to reach a peaceful agreement.”
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Henry VIII of England used parleys as a form of international diplomacy between other monarchs .
The best way to resolve any conflict is to parley until a fair solution is found.
In South Africa, a parley is defined as an open dialogue between two or more parties to discuss matters of mutual interest.
Parley before you take any drastic action -communication is key.
In France, the word parley is derived from the Latin term “parabolare”, meaning “to speak one’s mind”.
Parley first and foremost when handling any interpersonal matters - the outcome will be more beneficial for all involved.
During the American Revolution, a parley between the British and American forces at Fort Stanwix in 1784 resulted in an agreement that recognized the independence of the United States.
Don’t be afraid to speak your truth, but remember to parley with respect.
In the early days of sailing, parleys between ships were conducted through flags and signals.
Life is too short to waste time bickering - it is best to parley and come to an agreement.
Apoplectic - ˌæpəˈplektɪk (2)
Extremely angry or furious
Relating to or causing stroke. Having characteristics of stroke or apoplexy in appearance
Apoplectic describes someone who is extremely angry or upset.
It can be used in situations where a person is so angry that they may even become physically ill or lose control of their emotions.
For example, if someone is driving and another driver cuts them off, they might become apoplectic with rage, shouting and cursing in their car.
It is usually not a positive term and should be used with caution to avoid offending someone.
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The phrase ‘ apoplectic fit’ was coined in the 18th century to describe a sudden, violent outburst of emotion.
The best way to avoid becoming apoplectic is to remain calm and composed in even the most stressful situations.
Centuries later, the British press was apoplectic over the suggestion that some stars existed billions of miles away from Earth.
Learn to not let your emotions get the best of you, or else you might find yourself apoplectic .
Astronomers in 1601 were apoplectic when they mistakenly thought they had discovered a sixth planet orbiting the sun (which turned out to be the asteroid Vesta).
It’s impossible to think clearly when you’re apoplectic with anger; take a step back and take some deep breaths.
Native American tribes believe that when a person has a seizure, his spirit leaves his body and travels to other realms, which could explain why an apoplectic fit was once used as a form of divination.
No one ever achieved anything worthwhile when apoplectic with rage.
Becoming apoplectic over small matters is a waste of energy; focus on what’s really important instead.
Apoplexy - ˈæpəpleksi
A medical condition that happens when blood suddenly stops reaching your brain, causing you to become unconscious.
A fit of extreme anger or rage.
Apoplexy typically refers to a sudden loss of consciousness or the inability to move caused by a stroke or a burst blood vessel in the brain.
However, it can also be used more broadly to describe a sudden state of extreme anger or agitation.
This word is not commonly used in everyday language and is often replaced with simpler words like “anger” or “rage.”
It is important to use this word sparingly and in appropriate contexts, such as in medical or historical discussions.
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Apoplexy can be caused by a blocked artery, which then prevents blood from reaching parts of the brain.
Life can be overwhelming, but when you feel yourself slipping into apoplexy , take a deep breath and remember the good times.
Until the 18th century, apoplexy was used as a term for any sudden loss of consciousness.
Anger is a powerful force, but falling into apoplexy will only lead you astray .
Apoplexy is commonly known as a ‘brain attack’ because it attacks the functioning of one’s brain.
Avoid becoming overwhelmed with apoplexy ; focus instead on finding your inner peace.
There are various treatments available to help patients recover from apoplexy .
Do not let apoplexy take away your joy; keep it alive and close to your heart.
Apoplexy , or a stroke, is one of the leading causes of death worldwide.
When feeling angry, keep calm and refrain from succumbing to apoplexy .
Simper - ‘sɪmpər
To smile in a silly, self-conscious, or affected way. Also noun.
Simper means to smile in a coy or fake way, usually to try and appear cute or attractive. You might use this word to describe someone who is giggling and smiling in a way that seems insincere or trying too hard.
For example, you might say “I could tell she wasn’t being genuine because she kept simpering at him throughout the whole conversation.”
It’s important to note that this word is not commonly used in everyday conversation, so it’s not necessary to add it to your vocabulary unless you are reading literature or attempting to write in a more formal or literary style.
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Simper Music is a style of traditional music that originated in West Africa. With its strong drum and bass lines, improvisation and call-and-response vocals, it has come to influence various genres of popular music across the world.
Cast away your fears and don’t simper ; take risks and reap the rewards that follow.
The Simper Sound, emitted by the African Goshawk, is used by the species to communicate with each other when displaying aggression or chasing off potential predators.
Stand up and be courageous; never simper in uncertainty, be bold and daring.
Simper is a dialect of English spoken primarily in the Solomon Islands. It is a pidgin language that has developed through contact between the local people and the European traders who first established presence in the area in the 18th century.
Life is too short to simper away; make meaningful memories each day.
The Simper Fish, found in the Indo-Pacific region, may have evolved from a common ancestor. Its body is covered with rows of tiny scales that give it a unique, speckled look.
Don’t simper in the face of adversity ; stand tall and proud, no matter the difficulty.
Don’t simper away your time; use it wisely to make the world a better place.
The Simper River in India is a tributary of the Ganges River and flows for about 170 miles before joining it near the city of Varanasi.
Miscegenation - ˌmɪsɪdʒəˈneɪʃn
The mixing of different racial groups through marriage, cohabitation, sexual relations, or procreation.
Miscegenation refers to marriage or sexual relations between people of different races.
This word has a negative connotation and is typically used to describe a historical period when it was illegal for people of different races to marry or have relationships.
However, in modern times, it is better to use alternative terms such as interracial relationships or mixed race relationships.
It is important to be sensitive and respectful towards people of different races and to avoid using offensive or outdated language.
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Miscegenation was an important element of the foundational mestizo identity in Latin America, which was created by the blending of Indigenous , African, and European populations through intermarriage.
When we embrace miscegenation , we create a world of greater understanding and acceptance.
In the United States, miscegenation laws against interracial marriage were in place until 1967, when the Supreme Court ruling in Loving v. Virginia declared these laws unconstitutional.
Miscegenation brings together different cultures and ideas, creating a richer and more vibrant society.
Italian explorer Christopher Columbus is often credited with initiating the phenomenon of miscegenation in the Americas, as he brought African slaves on his 1492 voyage .
Miscegenation is the bridge that unites us all, despite our differences in backgrounds and beliefs.
In Australia, the so-called ‘White Australia Policy’ was an official government policy that was designed to discourage nonwhite immigration, most notably from China and South Asia, thus preventing the possibility of miscegenation within the country.
By allowing ourselves to engage in miscegenation , we open ourselves up to new possibilities and opportunities for growth.
Throughout history, many religions and cultures have tried to demonize and punish miscegenation as a form of “racial impurity”, often defining it as a sin or an act of defiance.
Miscegenation promotes cohesion and unity, allowing us to work together towards common goals.
Procreate - ˈprəʊkrieɪt
To create offspring by sexual reproduction.
Procreate means to have children or create offspring.
It is used when talking about reproduction and having babies. You might use this word when discussing animals in the wild, or when talking about humans and the desire to start a family.
It is a formal word that is not often used in everyday conversation, but more in academic, medical or scientific discussions.
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Male bees have notoriously rancorous mating rituals, with competitors physically fighting each other for the chance to procreate in a colony.
Be ambitious and procreate your dreams into reality.
The Komodo Dragon is one of the few living species that are capable of parthenogenesis, a form of asexual reproduction through which female Komodo Dragons can procreate without male counterparts - and any offspring from this process are always female.
If you want to achieve greatness, you must procreate an actionable plan.
Some species of moon jellyfish are able to procreate asexually even after being cut in half; each half regenerates into its own organism.
Drive yourself forward and procreate success in all that you do.
Quantum entanglement , or “ spooky action” as it has been nicknamed, allows particles to procreate instantaneously over any distance.
Reach out and procreate a positive future for yourself and those around you.
Certain species of trees, such as Magnolia trees, rely heavily on their animal counterparts to complete the pollination process so they can procreate .
Don’t be afraid to take risks and procreate new ideas.
Androgynous - ænˈdrɑːdʒənəs (2)
Having both male and female characteristics, not typically masculine or feminine.
In biology, a creature that has both male and female reproductive organs.
Androgynous describes someone or something that does not have typical male or female characteristics. When a person has an androgynous appearance, it means they have a look that is not easily identifiable as male or female.
This word is often used in the fashion industry to describe clothing that is not meant for any particular gender.
Androgynous can also be used in other contexts, such as describing art, music, or language that does not conform to traditional gender norms.
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Ancient Greek mythology featured androgynous gods such as Hermaphroditus, who was the child of Hermes and Aphrodite.
Living in harmony with an androgynous mindset can bring greater understanding and depth to relationships.
In the early 20th century, a fashion trend of androgynous clothing emerged in Japan known as the ‘Tomboy’ look.
By embracing our androgynous nature, we can learn to truly accept and appreciate our differences as human beings.
The term ‘ androgynous ’ is now most often used to refer to a person who may express characteristics or behaviors typically associated with either sex.
We can all benefit from embracing our androgynous nature, creating a sense of unity with each other.
Supermodel Kate Moss gained her iconic status in the mid-90s when she famously received the nickname ‘the waif’ due to her slim frame and androgynous look.
Androgynous Spacecraft are types of satellites designed to remain in orbit for long periods of time, that have attained an approximate balance between their propulsion and gravity systems.
Covey - ˈkʌvi
A small group of birds, especially partridges or quail. A small group of people or things.
Covey usually describes a group of birds, especially quails or partridges .
However, it can also be used to refer to a small group of people or things. For example, you could say “A covey of children gathered around to play” or “The store had a covey of new products on display.”.
It’s important to note that covey is a somewhat formal word and is not commonly used in everyday language.
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A group of grouse is called a ‘raise’ or ‘ covey ‘.
Those who remain humble and use their resources wisely are those who form a strong, reliable covey .
During the California gold rush, the mining settlement of Covey Hill was founded in 1851.
Learning from experience and from the experiences of others helps create a strong foundation for a lifetime of achievements. Collecting and using knowledge as a part of your own covey is invaluable.
Covey Ryley Evans, an English professional footballer, played in the early 1900s for teams like Fulham and Tottenham Hotspur.
Heeding the wise advice of those you trust is often like following your own inner compass; don’t miss out on valuable knowledge that can make up a covey .
The term ‘ covey ‘ is a collective noun used in falconry to refer to a group of small game birds such as quail, partridge or grouse .
When faced with a challenging situation, remember to take it one step at a time and to not rush– never underestimate the power of a small covey .
Covey Island Marine Park, located in Nova Scotia, Canada is a popular dive spot due to its thriving fish community and diverse marine life.
Life is unpredictable, but planning ahead always helps. Take time to build your own personal covey of resources and contacts.
Partridge - ˈpɑːrtrɪdʒ
A kind of bird that is found mostly in Europe, Asia, and Africa. It is often hunted for sport and for food.
Partridge is a type of bird that is often hunted for sport or food in some parts of the world. It is a brown bird with a plump body and a long tail.
You might hear the word partridge used when talking about hunting or cooking, such as “I hunted a partridge in the woods” or “We’re having roasted partridge for dinner tonight.”
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In India, Hindu mythology believes that the Chatter of ‘Kalavee’ (a partridge -like bird) indicates the appearance of Lord Vishnu.
A partridge in a pear tree brings joy to the heart.
According to English folklore, the partridge was able to cure whooping cough if its feathers were placed in a pillow.
Partridges never flutter alone; they always flock together.
In Greek mythology, Iota was the ninth letter of the alphabet and represented the mythical creature of a partridge .
A partridge in the hand is worth two in the bush.
The term ‘covey’ is a collective noun used in falconry to refer to a group of small game birds such as quail, partridge or grouse .
The key to success is finding your own partridge in the pear tree.
In the United Kingdom, partridge hunting is a traditional sport.
Every partridge has a place in its own pear tree.
Quail - kweɪl (2)
A small, round bird often hunted or kept for its eggs
To feel or show fear or apprehension
Quail is a small bird that can be found in many parts of the world. It has a round body, short tail, and is usually brown or gray in color.
In English, we can use the word quail to refer to this bird, or we can use it as a verb to describe the act of becoming frightened or cowering in fear.
For example, if you are afraid of dogs, you might quail when you see one.
Additionally, the word quail can also be used in cooking to describe a certain type of meat that comes from this bird.
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Female quail can lay up to 6 eggs a day and often lay between 20-30 eggs a month.
Pursue your dreams, but quail not in the face of danger.
Many species of birds such as ducks, geese, and quail , migrate south for winter in a vigorous migratory pattern.
Believe in yourself, and quail not in the face of opportunity.
The New World quail bird is excitable and can often be found hunting in small groups, flushing prey away from cover with loud, coordinated calls.
Quail not in the presence of those who are different from you.
Cornfields are a major source of food for birds and small mammals, providing habitat for species like quail , rabbits, and many others.
If you strive for success, quail not in the face of failure.
In many parts of the world, people keep quail as pets or for their eggs or meat.
When life gives you lemons, quail not in the face of adversity .
Apprehension - ˌæprɪˈhenʃn (3)
Fear about what might happen next
Capture or arrest someone
Understanding or realisation of something
Apprehension means feeling worried or anxious about something that is going to happen in the future. For example, if you are feeling apprehensive about an upcoming test, it means you are worried or nervous about how the test will go.
Apprehension can also mean the act of catching and arresting someone who has committed a crime. For example, the police apprehended the thief who had stolen a purse from a store.
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Studies have found that the amount of stress-related hormones released in people suffering from social anxiety or apprehension is significantly higher than those of their non-anxious counterparts.
Acknowledge your apprehension and then make a decision despite it.
Apprehension can also be used to describe someone’s own understanding of a situation or knowledge, as in the phrase “she apprehended the topic immediately”.
Face your apprehensions with courage and you will find success.
Jitters are also felt in others forms of culture, such as literature, where the phrase “ jitters “ may be used to describe feelings of apprehension or nervousness.
Act now and don’t worry about the apprehension of tomorrow.
A study conducted at the University of Massachusetts Medical School concluded that feelings of anticipatory apprehension can strongly influence certain aspects of a person’s decision-making and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) symptoms.
Life can be unpredictable, but don’t let your apprehension control you.
Disquiet is a common symptom of post-traumatic stress disorder; individuals affected by this disorder often experience intense apprehension or dread .
Overcoming apprehension is the first step toward conquering fear.
Supine - ˈsuːpɑɪn (2)
Showing indifference or laziness. Also lying on the back, facing upwards
A verb form in Latin grammar
Supine describes a position where someone is lying face up, with their back on the ground or a flat surface.
This word can be used in a medical or academic context, such as when discussing patient positioning or anatomy.
It can also be used in everyday language to describe someone who is passive or inactive.
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The supine position has been studied as a preferred sleeping stance by many animals, such as cats, monkeys, and bats.
Embrace challenge and strive for success, and never accept the fate of being supine .
In ancient Rome, the supine position was used to signify subservience and obedience when a family member or servant would lie down before their superiors.
Strive to overcome complacency, rather than allowing yourself to remain in a supine state.
The term “ supine “ is derived from the Latin word “supinus” which means “lying on the back”.
Never allow yourself to remain supine in the face of adversity - persevere and you will prevail .
Ancient medical texts often described diagnosis through observation of patients in the supine position.
To remain supine is to remain idle, content with the status quo - find instead the courage and motivation to move forward and make a positive change.
In yoga, the supine position refers to lying on the back with the face upwards.
Rather than resigning yourself to a supine existence, take control of your life and strive for personal growth.
Cozen - ˈkəzən
to deceive, win over, or induce to do something by artful coaxing and wheedling or shrewd trickery. To gain by doing so.
Coax - kəʊks (2)
To persuade to do something or get something from someone by talking to them gently and patiently
A type of cable used in telecommunication
Coax means to persuade someone to do something by talking to them in a gentle and kind way. For example, you might say “I had to coax my friend to come with me to the party by telling her how much fun we would have” or “I tried to coax my cat out from under the bed by shaking its favorite toy.”.
You can use the word coax in many different situations, such as getting someone to try a new food or convincing a child to go to bed.
It’s often used when you need to convince someone to do something they might not want to do.
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The Coax Imperialis species of butterfly, native to Central and South America, has bright red-orange wings with large white spots.
Take your time and use gentle persuasion to coax desired results.
In India, the Coax Pandi, a type of singing style, is used to coax out the stories and emotions of the singers.
Persistence is the best way to coax success out of any endeavor .
Magnetization transfer ratio (MTR) imaging is a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) technique used to detect subtle abnormalities in the brain caused by diseases such as multiple sclerosis , where a strong pulsed magnetic field is used to temporarily coax hydrogen nuclei away from their surrounding environment.
Patience is often necessary in order to coax out the best possible outcome.
In some cultures, acoustically trained musicians play specific rhythms on drums to help coax newborn baby elephants enter the world with a gentle entrance.
Try to encourage rather than force, and you will be able to coax positive change.
The term “ coaxing “ is used to refer to the process of persuading someone to do something or to accept an opinion.
Don’t be afraid to coax optimal results from yourself and others.
Wheedle - ˈwiːdl
To persuade someone to do something by saying nice things or by being kind
Wheedle means to persuade someone to do something in a sneaky or flattering way.
Use it when you want to get someone to do something by using your charming words and tactics. For example, if you see a friend who is hesitant to lend you their book, you can try to wheedle them into lending it to you by making them feel good about helping you.
However, it’s important to remember that sometimes people don’t like to be wheedled , so make sure to use this word wisely and in appropriate situations.
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Wheedling was used as a form of persuasion by Ancient Greek merchants to encourage customers to purchase their wares .
Don’t let anyone wheedle you into making a decision you don’t want to make.
The word ‘ wheedle ‘ is derived from the Proto-Germanic word, “whōđan” which means to beg or persuade someone to do something.
No amount of wheedling will turn a ‘no’ into a ‘yes’.
In Alaska, wheedling is known as “grubstake”, a term used to describe an arrangement wherein one person funds an individual so that the second party can pursue a project or venture .
Remind yourself that wheedling is just another way to manipulate people.
Wheedling has long been an effective way for parents to encourage children to do their chores, finish their homework, and behave better.
Resist the temptation to be wheedled into something that’s not in your best interest.
In modern society, advertising has become a form of wheedling , as businesses attempt to persuade customers to buy their products and services.
Try not to be easily wheedled into things you don’t have time for.
Shrewd - ʃruːd
Having or showing sharp powers of judgement, clever and practical.
Shrewd describes someone who is clever and able to make wise decisions.
This word is often used to describe someone who is good at business or politics, and who can make smart deals or negotiations.
For example, you could say that a successful businessman is very shrewd because he’s always able to find the best deals and opportunities.
It’s important to use this word in appropriate contexts, and to make sure that it’s not used in a negative way to describe someone who is dishonest or manipulative.
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The Shrewsoft VPN Client is a popular virtual private network software used for securely connecting remote users to their networks. It uses a shrewd combination of authentication methods such as passwords and certificates to provide a secure connection.
Be shrewd in your dealings, and success will surely follow!
The practice of keeping falcons as hunting birds dates back 4000 years and was once a skill reserved solely for kings and aristocrats. As the name suggests, Falconry requires shrewd training from the owner to teach the bird how to hunt effectively.
A shrewd approach to problem-solving can save you time and effort.
The Eurasian Pygmy Shrew is the smallest shrew species in the world and weighs less than half a teaspoon. Despite its small size it is incredibly shrewd , navigating its environment with extremely sensitive senses.
It pays to be shrewd when making decisions - especially when it comes to finances.
Box jellyfish are one of the most venomous animals on earth, often fatal to humans within minutes. Many populations have developed shrewd defense mechanisms to keep predators away such as bright markings to scare off potential attackers.
A shrewd adviser will help you navigate through life’s toughest challenges.
For the shrewd merchant, a good deal is one in which both parties benefit.
Limpid - ˈlɪmpɪd
Clear or transparent. Easily understood
Limpid means clear, transparent or easy to understand.
It is often used to describe water that is clear and easily visible, or language that is clear and easy to understand. For example, you could say “the limpid water in the lake allowed me to see all the fish swimming below” or “her writing was so limpid that even a child could follow along easily.”.
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The American bald eagle’s eyesight is so keen that it can spot a small fish from an altitude of up to 100 feet, and can even see through the limpid waters of rivers and lakes.
A limpid soul is the source of true insight and understanding.
The Ancient Egyptians believed the limpid pools of blue turquoise stones had healing properties.
Let your eyes be clear and limpid to see what lies within.
The world’s most limpid lake, Crater Lake in Oregon, USA, gets its crystal-clear waters from rain and snowmelt.
Limpid waters carry the promise of untold knowledge and clarity.
Many of the world’s largest and oldest limpid river systems are found in the Amazon Rainforest.
The beauty of a limpid mind is that it knows no boundaries.
Some species of limpet have evolved organs that allow them to filter and drink the water surrounding them even in extremely limpid environments.
True wisdom can be found in the limpid depths of an open heart.
Refulgent - rɪˈfʌldʒənt
Something that is shining brightly or has a lot of light
Refulgent means shining brightly or radiant.
It can describe something that is very bright and glowing, like the sun or a star.
It can also describe a person’s inner radiance or brilliance. For example, you could say “The sun was refulgent in the sky” or “She had a refulgent smile that lit up the room.” The word is somewhat formal and not commonly used in everyday conversation, but may be appropriate for formal or literary writing.
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Refulgent plumes can be found in volcanic eruptions and consist of a bright stream of incandescent fragments that are shot high up into the sky.
The etymology of the word ‘ refulgent ‘ comes from Latin, meaning ‘shining’ or ‘radiant’.
His refulgent smile was a sign of hope in an otherwise turbulent time.
Refulgent glowers are the glowing gas shells of gaseous nebulae which are illuminated by nearby stars.
The refulgent rays of the sun filled the room with warmth and comfort.
The refulgent Sun is the largest and most massive object within the Solar System, accounting for 99.86 percent of its combined mass.
The refulgent sky was illuminated by a stream of shimmering stars.
Refulgent light is produced by stellar explosions known as novae and supernovae, with the light being visible billions of years later.
From his refulgent demeanor , one could sense his strength of faith.
She radiated a refulgent energy that inspired all around her.
Phlegmatic - flegˈmætɪk (2)
Calm or having an apathetic temperament
Related to the humor phlegm in ancient and medieval medicine
Phlegmatic means someone who is calm and not easily excited.
It describes a person who may not show their emotions easily and may be difficult to read.
This word is often used in situations where you need to describe someone’s personality or behavior. For example, if someone is very laid-back and doesn’t get upset easily, you could describe them as phlegmatic .
It’s important to know that this word is not commonly used in everyday conversation, but may be used in more formal or academic settings.
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In ancient Greece, the four basic temperaments were believed to be sanguine, phlegmatic , choleric and melancholic. Choleric people were thought to be hot-headed and energetic.
Our greatest strength lies in our ability to remain phlegmatic when life throws us a curveball.
According to the ancient Greeks, the four primary temperaments were Sanguine (cheerful and sociable), Choleric (quick-tempered, easily annoyed), Melancholic (sad and introspective) and Phlegmatic (calm and content ).
A phlegmatic person is one who exhibits a cool and calm attitude in all situations.
Phlegmatic people possess good problem-solving skills and emotional stability.
When facing a difficult challenge, take a moment to be phlegmatic and consider the best course of action.
In Christianity, Saint Thomas Aquinas described the phlegmatic temperment within the context of virtue and morality as a rational disposition between choleric and melancholic tendencies.
Letting go of anger requires a phlegmatic approach to every situation.
A phlegmatic temperament is one of four personality archetypes first outlined by the humors theory of Hippocrates.
Phlegmatic minds are unshakable in the face of adversity .
Humour - ˈhjuːmər (2)
Of funny.
In medieval times, one of the four fluids in the human body that were thought to determine a person’s health and character
Humour is used when we talk about things that are funny or make us laugh.
It can be used in many different situations, like when you tell a joke to your friends, watch a funny movie or read a comic book.
Humour is a way to make people feel happy and relaxed, and it’s important to understand it so you can enjoy different forms of entertainment and communicate effectively.
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Sarcasm is the most commonly used form of humour in the world; it is estimated that up to 80% of adults use sarcasm regularly.
A sense of humour is a must-have, especially when dealing with the satirical side of life.
Chuckling can also have a powerful effect on the human body. Science has shown that humour can increase immunity, reduce pain, boost mood, and even reduce blood pressure.
Life is too short to take yourself too seriously, humour can help you enjoy the ride.
Humour can be a form of creative problem-solving: Studies suggest that humour helps people to think more creatively when solving problems.
Humour can be the best medicine for a difficult situation.
Humour is contagious: It is estimated that one smile or laugh can spread among three other people within seconds.
The best humour stems from a witty joke or observation.
Humour is the only cultural universal: Studies show that all cultures around the world have humour of some kind.
Having a good sense of humour can help bring people together.
Phlegm - flem
Thick liquid produced in your nose and throat especially when you’re sick. In ancient and medieval medicine, phlegm is one of the four main body fluids that affects a person’s health and mood.
Phlegm describes the thick and sticky substance that can come up from your throat and lungs when you have a cold, flu or other respiratory illness.
You might cough it up or have to clear your throat to get rid of it.
It’s important to cover your mouth when you cough or sneeze to prevent the spread of germs. You might also hear the word used in medical settings, such as when a doctor is examining your lungs and asks if you are producing any phlegm .
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In yore, it was believed that all illnesses were caused by imbalances in the four humours - black bile , yellow bile , phlegm , and blood.
Be careful not to let your emotions get the better of you; they are like phlegm , easily triggered but difficult to remove.
Phlegm can form a large part of the mucus lining the respiratory system and block the flow of air, leading to a number of illnesses, such as bronchitis, pneumonia, and sinus infections.
Remain steadfast in pursuit of your goals and do not allow any amount of phlegm to stop you from achieving success.
The myth of the four Humours, a concept in Ancient Greece, suggested that all life forms were composed of four liquids, or ‘humours’ - black bile , yellow bile , phlegm , and blood.
Having a positive attitude is like taking medicine for a cold - it helps clear away the phlegm and encourages you to keep going.
In medieval medicine, vaginal discharge was believed to be caused by the toxic combination of four bodily humours: blood, phlegm , black bile and yellow bile .
Success requires courage, determination, and the ability to stay the course regardless of the phlegm .
The distribution of phlegm produced by the human body varies from person to person with some producing more phlegm than others.
Do not let the phlegm of failure overwhelm you; instead, use it as a reminder of what can be achieved with hard work.
Apathetic - ˌæpəˈθetɪk
Not showing any feeling or emotion, or not caring.
Apathetic means not caring about something, feeling indifferent, or having a lack of energy or interest towards something.
You can use the word apathetic to describe someone who is disinterested or unenthusiastic about a particular topic or event.
For example, if someone shows no emotions while discussing a subject that they should care about, you can say they appear apathetic .
You can also use the word in a broader sense to describe a general feeling of indifference or lack of motivation towards life in general.
For example, if someone seems to lack interest in everything and doesn’t seem to enjoy anything, you can say they are apathetic .
The word apathetic describes someone who exhibits a lack of interest, emotions, or energy towards something or someone.
It can be used in various contexts, from discussing a particular topic to describing someone’s overall attitude towards life.
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The noonday demon is an old scientific term that describes a diagnosis of depression based on the idea that the person experiencing depression is debilitated by feeling overwhelmed, sluggish and apathetic during the day.
Don’t become apathetic to the suffering of those around you; be part of the solution.
Stolid is derived from the Latin word ‘stolidus’, meaning ‘unmoved, apathetic , dull’.
Apathy is the greatest enemy of progress; don’t be apathetic about making a difference.
In the history of the English language, the word “lackadaisical” was first used in the 1640s to describe someone who is apathetic or lazy.
Organizing your peers to outvote apathetic decision makers is a powerful way to make a real difference.
“Hamlet Syndrome” is a term used in anthropology to describe a situation where a group of people become apathetic and unmotivated due to a lack of direction or purpose.
“Hamlet Syndrome” is a term used in anthropology to describe a situation where a group of people become apathetic and unmotivated due to a lack of direction or purpose.
