Grazing and Grass Conservation Flashcards
1
Q
What are the main types of pastures?
A
- Natural pasture: Unimproved grasslands with native vegetation.
- Improved pasture: Grasses and legumes enhanced through fertilization, seeding, or irrigation.
2
Q
Describe the four common grazing systems.
A
- Continuous grazing: Animals graze one area for an extended period.
- Rotational grazing: Animals are moved between paddocks to allow forage recovery.
- Strip grazing: Animals graze a specific strip, controlled by temporary fencing.
- Deferred grazing: Pastures are rested and only grazed at specific times.
3
Q
What are the effects of under grazing?
A
- Grass becomes overly mature and less nutritious.
- Accumulated plant material may block sunlight and reduce new growth.
4
Q
What are the effects of overgrazing?
A
- Soil compaction and erosion
- Reduced pasture productivity
- Increased weed invasion
5
Q
How can overgrazing be avoided?
A
- Implement rotational or strip grazing.
- Monitor sward height (e.g., maintain 4–8 cm for most grasses).
- Adjust stocking rates based on pasture condition.
6
Q
Explain the three methods to conserve grass?
A
- Haymaking - Grass is cut, dried, and stored.
- Silage - Grass is cut, compacted, and fermented in anaerobic conditions.
- Haylage - Partially dried grass wrapped in plastic for anaerobic fermentation.
7
Q
Describe the feed value of hay.
A
Lower protein and energy compared to fresh grass.
8
Q
Describe the feed value of silage.
A
Higher in digestible energy and protein than hay.
9
Q
Describe the feed value of haylage.
A
Typically higher energy than hay, lower than silage.
10
Q
Describe the feed value of crop residues.
A
Used as bulk but low in protein and energy.
11
Q
What should owners consider when managing grazing?
A
- Stocking densities
- Grass growth cycles
- Seasonal variation
- Water access
- Parasite control
- Soil health
