Gray's Review Lower Limb

Question 1

Which spinal segments does deep fibular (peroneal) n. receive supply from?

Answer 1

L4, L5, S1

Question 2

what does the deep fibular (peroneal) n. innervate?

Answer 2

extensor hallicus longus

extensor digitorum longus

Question 3

what spinal segment is responsible for cutaneous innervation of the dorsum of the foot?

Answer 3

L5

Question 4

What would an injury to L4 affect? - function and muscle

Answer 4

loss of foot inversion

tibialis anterior

Question 5

What spinal segments make up the superficial fibular (peroneal) n.?

Answer 5

L5, S1, S2

Question 6

What does the superficial fibular (peroneal) n. innervate?

Answer 6

fibularis longus

fibularis brevis

Question 7

what would injury to the tibial n. cause?- function

Answer 7

loss of plantar flexion

impaired inversion

Question 8

what spinal segment is responsible for achilles tendon reflex?

Answer 8

S1

Question 9

injury to what nerve will result in foot drop?

Answer 9

deep fibular (peroneal) n.

Question 10

what does the talocrural joint (tibiotalar, ankle) permit?

Answer 10

dorsiflexion

plantar flexion

Question 11

what is considered the “key” to gluteal anatomy?

Answer 11

piriformis

Question 12

what is the “door” to gluteal anatomy?

Answer 12

GSF

Question 13

what can a forced inversion tear?

Answer 13

calcaneofibular l.

sometimes the anterior talofibular l.

Question 14

what maintains the longitudinal arch of the foot?

Answer 14

long plantar l.

short plantar l.

Question 15

what is usually torn with a eversion injury?

Answer 15

deltoid l.

Question 16

where is can the common fibular n. be compressed?

Answer 16

neck of fibula

Question 17

what muscles insert onto the greater trochanter?

Answer 17

gluteus medius
gluteus minimus
obturator internus
piriformis

Question 18

what does the iliofemoral l. resist?

Answer 18

hyperextension

lateral rotation

Question 19

what does the pubofemoral l. resist?

Answer 19

extension and abduction

Question 20

what does the ischiofemoral l. resist?

Answer 20

extension and medial rotation

Question 21

what does intracapsular femoral neck fracture damage and cause?

Answer 21

damages radicular a.

causes avascular necrosis

Question 22

until age 10, what a. supplies the head of the femur?

Answer 22

branch of obturator a.

Question 23

what would a disk lesion at L3-L4 affect?

Answer 23

L4 - foot inversion and extension (plantar flexion)

Question 24

what would a disk lesion at L4-L5 affect?

Answer 24

L5 - hip abduction and knee flexion

Question 25

how does a gluteal crush syndrome happen?

Answer 25

when a person lays on a hard surface unconscious and unmoving for an extended period of time

Question 26

what would injury to L4 cause?

Answer 26

weakness in patellar reflex loss of cutaneous innervation to medial side of leg inverison

Question 27

what does patellar reflex test?

Answer 27

L2, L3 = motor | L4 = sensory

Question 28

what does the lateral plantar n. innervate?

Answer 28

interossei | adductor hallicus

Question 29

what does the medial plantar n. innervate?

Answer 29

``` LAFF 1st lumbrical abductor hallicus flexor hallicus brevis flexor digitorum brevis ```

Question 30

what does the deep peroneal n. innervate?

Answer 30

tibialis anterior | extensor digitorum longus

Question 31

what does the superficial peroneal n. innervate

Answer 31

fibularis brevis | fibularis longus

Question 32

where can spinal TB spread?

Answer 32

sheath of psoas major

Question 33

what muscles form the tendon called the achillies tendon?

Answer 33

gastocnemius soleus plantaris

Question 34

what does the spring l. (plantar calcaneonavicular l. maintain?

Answer 34

longitudinal arch of foot

Question 35

what is the unhappy triad of O'Donahue?

Answer 35

MCL ACL medial meniscus

Question 36

what is the MCL attached to?

Answer 36

medial meniscus

Question 37

what artery passes between the tibia and fibula proximally int he posterior compartment of the leg?

Answer 37

anterior tibial a

Question 38

what continues to the posterior compartment of the leg to its division into the medial and lateral plantar arteries?

Answer 38

posterior tibial a.

Question 39

what is Pott's fracture?

Answer 39

fracture at the fibula at the ankle - bimalleolar fracture of fibula and tibia - with maybe a tear of MCL

Question 40

what is the original axial vessel of the lower limb?

Answer 40

ischiatic branch of the inferior gluteal a.

Question 41

what are the contents of the talus tunnel (or the structures that pass beneath the flexor retinaculum)

Answer 41

``` Tom, dick and very nervous Harry tibialis posterior flexor Digitorum longus Vessels Nerves Flexor hallicus longus ```

Question 42

what artery supplies the neck and body of talus?

Answer 42

posterior tibial a.

Question 43

where should gluteal injections be given?

Answer 43

anterior and superior to a line between the PSIS and the greater trochanter

Question 44

if pudendal n. block doesnt' work, what other nerve can provide much of the sensory supply to the perineum in SOME indivudlas?

Answer 44

posterior femoral cutaneous --> perineal cutaneous branch --> inferior gluteal n.

Question 45

what is bow legs called?

Answer 45

genu varus

Question 46

what is knock knee

Answer 46

genu valgus

Question 47

what is coxa vara?

Answer 47

angle between shaft and neck of femur is < 120

Question 48

what is coxa valga?

Answer 48

increase in angle betwen femur shaft and neck > 120

Question 49

what is another name for bunion?

Answer 49

hallux valgus

Question 50

what happens in hammer toe?

Answer 50

MTP joint is extended PIP is flexed distal phalanx points downward

Question 51

what can lead to hammer toe?

Answer 51

bunion

Question 52

what is pes cavus?

Answer 52

patient has a high flexed plantar arch

Question 53

which artery can provide adequate collateral supply from the plantar surface to the toes and dorsum of the foot?

Answer 53

lateral plantar

Question 54

what is the result of housemaides knee?

Answer 54

excessive compression of prepatellar bursa=swelling of prepatellar bursa

Question 55

what is parsons knee?

Answer 55

excessive irritation of the infrapatellar bursa

Question 56

what does Morton's neuroma involve?

Answer 56

compression of anastomosing branch that connects the medial and lateral plantar nerves between the third and fourth toes

Question 57

what does the median plantar n. provide sensation to?

Answer 57

medial 3 and 1/2 toes

Question 58

what does the lateral plantar n. provide sensation to?

Answer 58

little toe and 1/2 of 4th toe

Question 59

what is the problem with club foot?

Answer 59

talipes equinovarus

Question 60

what spinal segments supplies posterior femoral cutaneous n.?

Answer 60

S1, S2, S3

Question 61

what is the landmark for femoral artery puncture?

Answer 61

medial aspect of femoral head

Question 62

what structure is torn associated with swelling and locking of knee?

Answer 62

anterior cruciate l.

Question 63

what muscle attaches to the medial femoral condyle (tubercle on superior aspect)?

Answer 63

adductor magnus

Question 64

what are the functions of the tensor fascia lata?

Answer 64

flexion of thigh medial rotation abduction