Gravitational Fields Flashcards

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1
Q

What are gravitational fields due to?

A

Objects having mass

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2
Q

How is gravitational field strength represented on a diagram?

A

The amount of field lines, if more field lines, the higher the gravitational strength

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3
Q

What is the formula and unit for gravitational field strength?

A

F/m, NKg^-1

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4
Q

What are the two equations for gravitational force?

A

F=-gmM/r^2, and also -GM/r^2

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5
Q

What is the constant value of G?

A

6.67 times ten to the minus 11

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6
Q

What is Kepler’s first law?

A

The orbit of a planet is an ellipse with the sun at the foci

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7
Q

What is Kepler’s second law?

A

A line segment joining the sun and a planet sweeps out equal areas in equal times

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8
Q

Why is Kepler’s second law true?

A

The planet speeds up if it is closer to the sun due to it experiencing a higher gravitational force

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9
Q

What is Kepler’s third law?

A

The square of the orbital period of a planet is proportional to the cube of its orbital distance so T^2=kr^£

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10
Q

What are the equations for Kepler’s third law?

A

T^2/r^3 = T^2/r^3

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11
Q

What are the defining features of geostationary orbits?

A
  • they have an orbital period of 24 hrs
  • they are an equatorial orbit, just above the equator
  • they remain fixed in the sky to an observer on Earth
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12
Q

What is the equation for GPE?

A

-GMm/r

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13
Q

What is the equation for gravitational potential, energy per unit mass?

A

-GM/r

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14
Q

What is escape velocity?

A

Velocity that if it is reached, the object will leave the gravitational field

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