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Analytical Chemistry (Sumpa) > Gravimetric Analysis > Flashcards

Gravimetric Analysis Flashcards

1
Q

the analyte is separated from a
solution of the sample as a
precipitate and is converted to a
compound of known composition
that can be weighed.

A

Precipitation gravimetry

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2
Q

the analyte is separated from
other constituents of a sample by
conversion to a gas The weight of
this gas then serves as a measure
of the analyte concentration

A

Volatilization gravimetry

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3
Q

In volatization gravimetry, the sample is converted to what?

A

Gas

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4
Q

What serves as a measure of the analyte concentration in volatization gravimetry?

A

Weight of escaped gas

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5
Q

the analyte is separated by deposition on an
electrode by an electrical current

A

Electrogravimetry

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6
Q

an electric conductor that makes contact with the nonmetallic circuit parts of a circuit, such as an electrolyte, semiconductor, or vacuum

A

Electrode

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7
Q

Method of thermal analysis in which changes in
physical and chemical properties of materials are measured as a function of increasing temperature or as a function of time.

A

Thermogravimetry

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8
Q

refers to process in solution with excess amount of solute

A

Supersaturation

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9
Q

a substance that causes the precipitation of a specified substance.

A

Precipitant

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10
Q

Whose tiny particles are invisible to the
naked eye (10-7 to 10-4 cm in diameter)

A

Colloidal particle

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11
Q

Particles visible to the naked eye

A

Crytalline solid

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12
Q

Which particle settles down spontaneously

A

Crystalline solid

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13
Q

Known as the Oswald Ripening

A

Digestion of precipitate

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14
Q

involves dissolution of small particles
and reprecipitation on larger ones resulting in
particle growth and better precipitate
characteristics.

A

Digestion

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15
Q

process by which a coagulated colloid reverts to
its original dispersed state in case of colloidal
precipitates

A

Peptization

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16
Q

In this, the precipitate is
converted to a more chemically stable form

A

Drying and ignition

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17
Q

The ideal precipitating reagent would react
__________ or at least ___________

A

Specifically, selectively

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18
Q

Which type of precipitate is ideal?

A

Crystalline

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19
Q

T or F: ideal precipitate are of sufficiently low solubilty

A

True (so it doesnt dissolve and it can be filtered)

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20
Q

an unstable solution that contains a higher solute concentration than a saturated solution.

A

Supersaturated solution

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21
Q

In relation to Ksp and Qsp, when can precipitation happen

A

Ksp > Qsp

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22
Q

Relation of precipitation and supersaturation

A

Inversely proportional (kapag mataas ang supersaturation ibig sabihin marami ang solute. these solute can be formed into precipitate and when they do, bumababa ang saturation. gets???)

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23
Q

a process of forming smaller particles or colloidal particles.

A

Nucleation

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24
Q

The initial formation process in which
a minimum number of atoms, ions, or molecules join
together to give a stable solid.

A

Nucleation

25
Q

The subsequent growth after
nucleation; building up of formerly formed nuclei

A

Particle growth

26
Q

Two ways to control RSS and increase particle growth

A
  • Increase equilibrium solubility
  • Decrease solute concentration
27
Q

says that particles collide but do
not interact. It is not affected by gravity

A

Brownian movement

28
Q

Which type of precipitate is Brownian Movement applied?

A

Colloids

29
Q

Refers to accumulation and build up

A

Coagulation

30
Q

Involves a combination of larger group of many different ions/atoms with each other

A

Agglomeration

31
Q

Which particles are stable?

A

Colloids

32
Q

Why are colloids stable?

A

It has negative and positive chargue

33
Q

Refers to the mainly absorbed ions on the surface

A

Primary adsorption level

34
Q

Contains sufficient excess of negative ions to balance the charge on the primary adsorption layer

A

Counter-ion layer

35
Q

This layer prevents interaction
with the same kind of particle due to the
presence of the negative ions found within
this layer.

A

Counter-ion layer

36
Q

thought as a measure of the repulsive force that the particle exerts on like particles in the solution.

A

Effective charge

37
Q

Diameter of colloids

A

10^-7 to 10^-4 cm

38
Q

Characteristics of colloids

A

Suspended

39
Q

Characteristics of crystalline

A

Settled from the solution (filterable)

40
Q

Diameter of crystalline partices

A

> 10^-4 cm

41
Q

Relationship of nucleation, RSS, and particle size

A

High RSS = High nucleation = Small particles

42
Q

Relationship of particle growth, RSS, and particle size

A

Small RSS = High particle growth = Large particles

43
Q

Relationship between equilibrium solubility and RSS

A

High RSS, low solubility (they can’t be soluble because it’s supersaturated na)

Therefore, to lower RSS is to increase solubility

44
Q

Relationship between RSS and concentration

A

High RSS, high concentration (concentration of solute is high because it’s supersaturated)

Therefore, to lower RSS is to decrease the concentration

45
Q

These are precipitants that creates complex
ions.

A

Complexing agents

46
Q

A process in which a substance (gas,
liquid, or solid) is held on the surface
of a solid.

A

Adsorption

47
Q

A process in which a substance
within the pores of a solid.

A

Absorption

48
Q

generally more easily filtered and purified
than coagulated colloids.

A

Crystalline

49
Q

improves the purity and filterability of
both colloidal and crystalline precipitates. It
makes the precipitate pure as impurities and
contaminants are removed when filtered.

A

Digestion

50
Q

a process in which normally soluble compounds
are carried out of solution by a precipitate and
may result in impurities and/or contamination

A

Coprecipitation

51
Q

a process by which a foreign compound
precipitates on top of the desired precipitate.

A

Post precipitation

52
Q

The impurity is chemically or physically adsorbed
onto the surface of precipitates

A

Surface adsorption

53
Q

the major source of contamination
in coagulated colloids but of no significance in
crystalline precipitates.

A

Adsorption

54
Q

A type of coprecipitation in which a contaminant
ion replaces an ion in the lattice of a crystal.

A

Mixed crystal formation

55
Q

type of coprecipitation in which a compound
(foreign ions in the counter-ion layer) is physically
trapped within a precipitate during rapid
precipitate formation.

A

Occlusion

56
Q

T or F: Occlusion involve particles of same charge while Mixed Crystal formation doesnt

A

False (baliktad)

57
Q

A type of coprecipitation in which coprecipitated
physically trap a pocket of solution within a
precipitate during rapid precipitate formation.

A

Mechanical entrapment

58
Q

a process in which a
precipitate is formed by slow generation of a
precipitating reagent homogeneously throughout a
solution

A

Homogenous precipitation

59
Q

done by adding an
agent. A chemical added to a mixture which will
block any impurity from affecting the chemical
analysis

A

Masking

Analytical Chemistry (Sumpa) (5 decks)

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