Graves' Disease

Question 1

Define Graves’ disease.

Answer 1

Graves’ disease is an autoimmune thyroid condition associated with hyperthyroidism.

Question 2

Explain the aetiology/risk factors of Graves’ disease.

Answer 2

Other autoimmune conditions
Tobacco use

Question 3

Summarise the epidemiology of Graves’ disease.

Answer 3

In the UK the incidence of clinical hyperthyroidism was shown to be 0.8/1000 women a year, with a negligible incidence in men. Graves’ disease is the most common form of hyperthyroidism in most areas of the world.

Question 4

Recognise the presenting symptoms of Graves’ disease. Recognise the signs of Graves’ disease on physical examination.

Answer 4

Irritability
Wide pulse pressure
Cardiac flow murmur
Moist, velvety skin
Scalp hair loss

Question 5

Identify appropriate investigations for Graves’ disease and interpret the results.

Answer 5

TSH
Serum free or total T4
Serum free or total T3
Calculation of total T3/T4 or FT3/FT4 ratio