grasp, fulcrum, periodontal instruments, and periodontal probing

Question 1

thumb and index finger:
middle finger:
ring finger:

Answer 1

thumb and index finger: hold the instrument
middle finger: stabilizes
ring finger: used to fulcrum (hinge/pivot)

Question 2

movement is in the

Answer 2

wrist

Question 3

index and thumb
placement:
function:

Answer 3

placement: on the instrument handle
function: hold the instrument

Question 4

middle finger
placement:
function:

Answer 4

placement: rests lightly on the shank
function: helps to guide the working-end
feelings vibrations transmitted from the working-end to the shank

Question 5

ring finger
placement:
function:

Answer 5

placement: on oral structure; often tooth
function: stabilizes the hand for control and strength

Question 6

pinky finger
placement:
function:

Answer 6

placement: near ring finger, held in a natural, relaxed manner
function: has no function in grasp

Question 7

stabilizing point for clinician’s hand during instrumentation

Answer 7

fulcrum

Question 8

3 types of fulcruming techniques

Answer 8

intraoral fulcrum (best)
extraoral fulcrum
advanced fulcrum (non-dominant hand)

Question 9

a stabilizing point inside the patient’s mouth against a tooth surface

Answer 9

intraoral fulcrum

(palm up or down fulcrums)

Question 10

a stabilizing point outside the patient’s mouth (against patient’s chin or cheek)

Answer 10

extraoral fulcrum

Question 11

used for holding the instrument

Answer 11

handle

Question 12

rod-shaped length of metal located between the handle and working-end of an instrument

Answer 12

shank

Question 13

the part of the instrument that does the work of the instrument

Answer 13

working-end

Question 14

part of the shank that allows the working-end to be adapted to the tooth surface; begins below below working-end and extends to the last bend in the shank nearest the handle

Answer 14

functional shank

Question 15

the portion of the functional shank nearest to the working-end

Answer 15

terminal shank

Question 16

a shank that is bent in one plane (front-to-back)

Answer 16

simple shank design

Question 17

a simple shank=____ shank

Answer 17

straight shank

Question 18

simple shanks are used primarily used on what teeth

Answer 18

anterior teeth

Question 19

a shank that has been bent in two planes

Answer 19

complex shank

Question 20

complex shank =____shank

Answer 20

angled/curved shank

Question 21

complex shanks are used primarily on what teeth

Answer 21

posterior teeth

Question 22

when viewed from the front and the shank appears straight, what shank is this

Answer 22

simple

Question 23

when viewed from the front appears to be bent from side-to-side, what shank is this

Answer 23

complex

Question 24

the function of an instrument is determined by

Answer 24

the design of the working end

Question 25

to determine an instrument's use, you must be able to recognize

Answer 25

the design characteristics of the face, back, lateral surfaces, and cutting edges of the working-end

Question 26

2 main types of periodontal hand instruments

Answer 26

sickle scalers curettes

Question 27

this scaler has triangular cross-section of the blade

Answer 27

sickle scalers

Question 28

sickle scalers do what gingival scaling

Answer 28

supragingival scaling

Question 29

how many cutting edges does the sickle scalers have

Answer 29

2

Question 30

this scaler has rounded cross-section of the blade

Answer 30

curettes

Question 31

what gingival scaling does curettes do

Answer 31

supragingival and subgingival

Question 32

for this type of scaler, it has universal and area-specific instruments available

Answer 32

curettes

Question 33

how many cutting edges do curettes have

Answer 33

2 cutting edges for universal i cutting edge for area-specific

Question 34

what are the angulations of 1. sickle scalers: 2. universal curettes: area-specific curettes:

Answer 34

1. sickle scalers: 90 degrees 2. universal curettes: 90 degrees area-specific curettes: 70 degrees

Question 35

important for maintaining contact of working-end and tooth structure during instrumentation. incorrect use of this results in ineffective calculus removal and tissue laceration

Answer 35

adaptation

Question 36

important for efficient plaque and calculus removal wrist, hand, and forearm work as a unit; fingers pulling is not effective and cause operator fatigue

Answer 36

activation

Question 37

components of activation

Answer 37

1. blade adaptation 2. instrument angulation 3.blade insertion 4. lateral pressure 5. working stroke

Question 38

refers to the angle between the face of a bladed instrument and the tooth surface (always tilt towards the tooth)

Answer 38

angulation

Question 39

to search into and explore very thoroughly : also the most important instrument used for assessing and diagnosing periodontitis

Answer 39

probe

Question 40

9 examples what a probe is used to measure

Answer 40

1. probing depth 2. clinical attachment level 3. amount of attached gingiva 4. gingival recession 5. furcation involvement 6. bleeding on probing 7. size of pathologic lesion 8. distance between teeth 9. overbite/overjet

Question 41

used to evaluate the bone support in the furcation areas of bifurcated and trifurcated teeth

Answer 41

nabers (furcation probe)

Question 42

how to use nabers probe

Answer 42

when lower (terminal) shank is positioned parallel to the tooth surface being examined and DO NOT read mm when identifying class of furcation

Question 43

act of walking the tip of probe along junctional epithelium (JE) within sulcus or pocket for the purpose of assessing health status of periodontal tissue

Answer 43

probing

Question 44

use what technique for holding probe

Answer 44

modified pen grasp -fulcrum close to the tooth you are probing -working end of probe should always contact the tooth

Question 45

probe should always be parallel to the long axis of the tooth around all proximal surfaces, except when probing

Answer 45

interproximal spaces (due to gingival col)

Question 46

in health, probe will stop at: in disease:

Answer 46

health: junctional epithelium disease: go into connective tissue

Question 47

as you move along the tooth, keep the probe _____ as you move along the tooth

Answer 47

subgingival (below the gingiva)

Question 48

how to "hop" along circumference of tooth:

Answer 48

1. begin at distal line angle and back into distal aspect 2. move forward toward the mesial 3. probing depth readings should be at deepest

Question 49

probing measures six sites per tooth

Answer 49

1. distofacial 2. facial 3. mesiofacial 4. distolingual 5. lingual 6. mesiolingual

Question 50

PD GM ATTACH(CAL) BOP

Answer 50

PD= probing depth/pocket depth GM= gingival margin (measuring recession or overgrowth) ATTACH(CAL)= clinical attachment loss BOP= bleeding on probing

Question 51

base of pocket to gingival margin

Answer 51

pocket/probing depth PD

Question 52

CEJ to base of pocket

Answer 52

attachment level

Question 53

CEJ to gingival margin (GM)

Answer 53

recession

Question 54

(CAL) if the measurement for the gingival margin is (+) then

Answer 54

recession is present

Question 55

(CAL)if the measurement for the gingival margin (-) the gingival margin is

Answer 55

coronal to the CEJ, no recession

Question 56

[go on the slide and practice math problems]