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PATIENT CARE III > grasp, fulcrum, periodontal instruments, and periodontal probing > Flashcards

grasp, fulcrum, periodontal instruments, and periodontal probing Flashcards

1
Q

thumb and index finger:
middle finger:
ring finger:

A

thumb and index finger: hold the instrument
middle finger: stabilizes
ring finger: used to fulcrum (hinge/pivot)

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2
Q

movement is in the

A

wrist

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3
Q

index and thumb
placement:
function:

A

placement: on the instrument handle
function: hold the instrument

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4
Q

middle finger
placement:
function:

A

placement: rests lightly on the shank
function: helps to guide the working-end
feelings vibrations transmitted from the working-end to the shank

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5
Q

ring finger
placement:
function:

A

placement: on oral structure; often tooth
function: stabilizes the hand for control and strength

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6
Q

pinky finger
placement:
function:

A

placement: near ring finger, held in a natural, relaxed manner
function: has no function in grasp

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7
Q

stabilizing point for clinician’s hand during instrumentation

A

fulcrum

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8
Q

3 types of fulcruming techniques

A

intraoral fulcrum (best)
extraoral fulcrum
advanced fulcrum (non-dominant hand)

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9
Q

a stabilizing point inside the patient’s mouth against a tooth surface

A

intraoral fulcrum

(palm up or down fulcrums)

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10
Q

a stabilizing point outside the patient’s mouth (against patient’s chin or cheek)

A

extraoral fulcrum

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11
Q

used for holding the instrument

A

handle

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12
Q

rod-shaped length of metal located between the handle and working-end of an instrument

A

shank

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13
Q

the part of the instrument that does the work of the instrument

A

working-end

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14
Q

part of the shank that allows the working-end to be adapted to the tooth surface; begins below below working-end and extends to the last bend in the shank nearest the handle

A

functional shank

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15
Q

the portion of the functional shank nearest to the working-end

A

terminal shank

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16
Q

a shank that is bent in one plane (front-to-back)

A

simple shank design

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17
Q

a simple shank=____ shank

A

straight shank

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18
Q

simple shanks are used primarily used on what teeth

A

anterior teeth

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19
Q

a shank that has been bent in two planes

A

complex shank

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20
Q

complex shank =____shank

A

angled/curved shank

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21
Q

complex shanks are used primarily on what teeth

A

posterior teeth

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22
Q

when viewed from the front and the shank appears straight, what shank is this

A

simple

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23
Q

when viewed from the front appears to be bent from side-to-side, what shank is this

A

complex

24
Q

the function of an instrument is determined by

A

the design of the working end

25
Q

to determine an instrument’s use, you must be able to recognize

A

the design characteristics of the face, back, lateral surfaces, and cutting edges of the working-end

26
Q

2 main types of periodontal hand instruments

A

sickle scalers
curettes

27
Q

this scaler has triangular cross-section of the blade

A

sickle scalers

28
Q

sickle scalers do what gingival scaling

A

supragingival scaling

29
Q

how many cutting edges does the sickle scalers have

A

2

30
Q

this scaler has rounded cross-section of the blade

A

curettes

31
Q

what gingival scaling does curettes do

A

supragingival and subgingival

32
Q

for this type of scaler, it has universal and area-specific instruments available

A

curettes

33
Q

how many cutting edges do curettes have

A

2 cutting edges for universal

i cutting edge for area-specific

34
Q

what are the angulations of
1. sickle scalers:
2. universal curettes:
area-specific curettes:

A
  1. sickle scalers: 90 degrees
  2. universal curettes: 90 degrees
    area-specific curettes: 70 degrees
35
Q

important for maintaining contact of working-end and tooth structure during instrumentation.

incorrect use of this results in ineffective calculus removal and tissue laceration

A

adaptation

36
Q

important for efficient plaque and calculus removal

wrist, hand, and forearm work as a unit; fingers pulling is not effective and cause operator fatigue

A

activation

37
Q

components of activation

A
  1. blade adaptation
  2. instrument angulation
    3.blade insertion
  3. lateral pressure
  4. working stroke
38
Q

refers to the angle between the face of a bladed instrument and the tooth surface
(always tilt towards the tooth)

A

angulation

39
Q

to search into and explore very thoroughly
:

also the most important instrument used for assessing and diagnosing periodontitis

A

probe

40
Q

9 examples what a probe is used to measure

A
  1. probing depth
  2. clinical attachment level
  3. amount of attached gingiva
  4. gingival recession
  5. furcation involvement
  6. bleeding on probing
  7. size of pathologic lesion
  8. distance between teeth
  9. overbite/overjet
41
Q

used to evaluate the bone support in the furcation areas of bifurcated and trifurcated teeth

A

nabers (furcation probe)

42
Q

how to use nabers probe

A

when lower (terminal) shank is positioned parallel to the tooth surface being examined

and
DO NOT read mm when identifying class of furcation

43
Q

act of walking the tip of probe along junctional epithelium (JE) within sulcus or pocket for the purpose of assessing health status of periodontal tissue

A

probing

44
Q

use what technique for holding probe

A

modified pen grasp
-fulcrum close to the tooth you are probing
-working end of probe should always contact the tooth

45
Q

probe should always be parallel to the long axis of the tooth around all proximal surfaces, except when probing

A

interproximal spaces (due to gingival col)

46
Q

in health, probe will stop at:

in disease:

A

health: junctional epithelium
disease: go into connective tissue

47
Q

as you move along the tooth, keep the probe _____ as you move along the tooth

A

subgingival (below the gingiva)

48
Q

how to “hop” along circumference of tooth:

A
  1. begin at distal line angle and back into distal aspect
  2. move forward toward the mesial
  3. probing depth readings should be at deepest
49
Q

probing measures six sites per tooth

A
  1. distofacial
  2. facial
  3. mesiofacial
  4. distolingual
  5. lingual
  6. mesiolingual
50
Q

PD
GM
ATTACH(CAL)
BOP

A

PD= probing depth/pocket depth
GM= gingival margin (measuring recession or overgrowth)
ATTACH(CAL)= clinical attachment loss
BOP= bleeding on probing

51
Q

base of pocket to gingival margin

A

pocket/probing depth PD

52
Q

CEJ to base of pocket

A

attachment level

53
Q

CEJ to gingival margin (GM)

A

recession

54
Q

(CAL) if the measurement for the gingival margin is (+) then

A

recession is present

55
Q

(CAL)if the measurement for the gingival margin (-) the gingival margin is

A

coronal to the CEJ, no recession

56
Q

[go on the slide and practice math problems]

A

PATIENT CARE III (7 decks)

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